When taking pictures indoors, there are obvious strong light sources that affect the exposure. How to improve?

That's a real problem. In this case, it is good to use white foam as a light shield. The exposure meter is used to measure the correct exposure index of the subject.

There is no exposure meter, there is another way.

Nowadays, digital cameras have aperture priority or shutter priority.

Get close to the subject first, where it needs to be exposed correctly. Then press the shutter half way to let the camera's built-in exposure meter read the correct exposure index.

Then return to the shooting position according to this index, and re-compose with this exposure index.

But such a background may be overexposed, but what does it matter? We just need the correct exposure of the subject.