The predecessor of China Renmin University —— Early Shaanxi Public School

Northern Shaanxi Public School was established in Yan 'an in July 2005, 1937, with Cheng Li as the principal and vice principal. 1June, 938 to1July, 939, Shaanxi Public College merged with Lu Xun Art College, Anwubao Youth Training Class and Yan 'an Workers' School to form North China United University, which later passed through North China University and became today's China Renmin University. 1in the summer of 939, the situation in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression changed, and the Japanese aggressors and the Kuomintang die-hards stepped up their attacks on the liberated areas. In June, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to jointly establish North China United University with four schools, namely Northern Shaanxi College, Yan 'an Lu Xun Art College, Yan 'an Workers' School and Anwubao wartime youth training class, and set up a school behind enemy lines in North China. On July 7th, North China United University was established in Yan 'an, with Cheng as president and party secretary. Under the leadership of the party group, the principal responsibility system was established, including the social science department, the literature and art department, the workers department and the youth department. When Yan 'an announced the convening of the North China Congress, Mao Zedong personally spoke. In his speech, he quoted the story of apricot yellow flag, four elephants and divine whip in the list of gods, saying, "Since you are going to the front, I will also give you three magic weapons, namely, United front, armed struggle and party building." The main idea of Mao Zedong's speech was later published in the article Introduction to * * * *. The theory of the three magic weapons left a deep impression on everyone. Many old comrades recalled decades of revolutionary history, and the brilliance of that speech lit up their way forward from time to time.

The educational policy of North China United University is: to train revolutionary cadres for the needs of actual revolutionary struggle; Pay attention to the combination of theory and practice; Carry out the principle of less but better and popularization. The school motto is "unity, enterprising, hard work and firmness". North China United University implements militarized management, and the cadres trained can meet the needs of work under war conditions. It is the first institution of higher learning set up by China behind enemy lines, and is known as "a sword in the heart of the enemy".

A year later, the school developed in the direction of regularization, and the ministries were changed into colleges, with the Academy of Social Sciences, the Department of Law and Politics, and the Department of Finance and Economics. College of Education, with a Department of Education; The College of Literature and Art consists of drama department, music department, fine arts department and literature department. The Institute of Technology consists of the Department of Machinery and the Department of Mining. In addition to the original professional courses, undergraduate and preparatory courses have been added. Later, the Law and Politics College, the Mass Work Department and the Middle School Department were established. At this time, the school has more than 4,000 people, including more than 3,000 students, which is the heyday of North China United University.

From August of 194 1 year to August of 1943, the Jinchaji border region was the most difficult time. The enemy's "mopping-up" and blockade reduced the base area, the border area was seriously short of food, and the number of students decreased. After two downsizing, North China United University only retained the College of Education, which was led by the Border Administrative Committee. During this period, many cadres and students died in the struggle against the enemy. From 65438 to 0944, the administrative committee of Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Border Region made specific provisions on the nature, tasks and educational policies of the College of Education of North China United University, namely, improving the level and culture of on-the-job cadres, implementing the principle of applying what they have learned and integrating theory with practice, and cultivating cadres' skills to serve War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the construction of a new democratic society.

During his stay in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, North China United University ran a school in the cruel battlefield behind enemy lines for six years, and trained more than 1 10,000 cadres. Among them, there are more than 3,000 political and economic administrative cadres, more than 3,000 educational cadres, more than 0/000 literary and art cadres, hundreds of teachers and theoretical talents in political theory, literature and art, education, politics and law, finance and economics, and more than 2,000 short-term training cadres.

1August, 945, War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression won. 65438+February 10 The Central Bureau of Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei decided to restore North China United University in an all-round way, appointed Cheng as president and secretary of the Party Committee, and implemented the principal responsibility system. Offering political courses; The College of Education consists of the Department of Education, the Department of China Literature and the Department of Historical Geography. College of Law and Politics, which consists of the Department of Politics and Law and the Department of Finance and Economics; The College of Literature and Art consists of literature department, music department, drama department, fine arts department, journalism department and dance troupe. School of Foreign Languages, with English Department and Russian Department; The art troupe has been rebuilt. There are about 1 100 students in the school, including about 400 teachers and 700 students. North China United University clearly stated that the school's education policy is to give priority to political and ideological education, pay equal attention to ideological education and professional education, and teaching must be closely integrated with reality. It is also stipulated that in the case of the war of liberation, the direction of running a school should be to run short-term training courses, take into account the future, actively build schools, and prepare for the transition to a new regular university. From August 1945 to August 1948, North China United University has trained about 2,000 cadres in politics, economy, education, literature and art, foreign languages and journalism. 1in the spring of 948, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to merge North China United University and North University to establish North China University, concentrate on expanding the scale of running a school, and train a large number of construction cadres to meet the national liberation. The president is Wu.

Northern University 1945 1 1 was established in the Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan Border Region. It is a large-scale institution of higher learning with relatively complete disciplines and specialties founded by the CPC Central Bureau of Shanxi, Hebei, Shandong and Henan and the People's Government of the Border Region. Fan Wenlan is the principal, and the school implements the principal responsibility system. There are administrative college, finance college, education college, engineering college, medical college, agricultural college and art college. With the goal of cultivating all kinds of professionals who serve the people wholeheartedly and are engaged in the cause of peaceful nation-building, Northern University has established the educational policy of integrating theory with practice, boldly innovated according to the principle of applying what they have learned, constantly adjusted the curriculum according to the needs of the development of the situation, organically combined political and ideological work with teaching work, and advocated the style of study of free thinking, democratic discussion and mutual learning. Pursuing truth and seeking truth from facts, we have gradually developed a style of seeking truth from facts, unity and friendship, hard work and simplicity. Over the past two years, Northern University has trained more than 1000 professionals.

On August 24th, 1948, North China University was established, with its campus in Zhengding County, Hebei Province. North China University is led by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China North China Bureau, with Wu as the president, Cheng as the vice president, Qian Junrui as the party secretary, and the school implements the principal responsibility system. North China University aims to train political, economic, cultural, artistic and educational cadres who serve the new democratic society. It has four departments and two colleges: one is a political training class to train young intellectuals' short-term political thoughts; The second is the Institute of Education, which trains middle school teachers and education cadres. The third is the College of Literature and Art, which trains literary and art cadres; The fourth is the research department, which is engaged in the research, training and improvement of university teachers; These two houses are Engineering College and Agricultural College.

1April, 949, North China University moved to Beiping. According to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China's instructions on relaxing the enrollment conditions, absorbing a large number of intellectuals, and rapidly training a large number of cadres for the liberation of China, North China University, focusing on one school, enrolled more than15,000 students, and set up two branches in Zhengding and Tianjin respectively. By the end of 1949, most of the students had graduated and gone to work. So far, North China University has successfully completed the historical task of training cadres for national liberation. When the revolution wins the national victory, the main tasks of the party and the state in the transitional period are national construction and economic recovery. In this case, from the school leaders to the CPC Central Committee, all are considering the future development direction of the school. After careful consideration, the CPC Central Committee decided to establish China Renmin University on the basis of North China University and other schools.

1950101October 3rd, becoming the first new regular university established in new China. Famous educators such as Wu, Cheng, Yuan, Huang Da, and Ji Baocheng have successively served as principals. 1950 10 10, the opening ceremony was held in China Renmin university. Liu Shaoqi, Zhu De and other central leading comrades and responsible comrades of the Ministry of Education attended the meeting, and Liu Shaoqi and Zhu De made important speeches.

Over the past 70 years, China Renmin University has trained more than 200,000 talents for China, and more than 4,000 foreign students are studying in China Renmin University. Today, China Renmin University has formed and initially improved a multi-disciplinary and multi-level school-running structure and system with full-time undergraduate education, postgraduate education and adult correspondence education as the main forms, and has taken a new step towards the goal of being a world-class university with its own characteristics and important international influence. North China University has nurtured a number of institutions of higher learning in New China. During the period from 1948 to 1949, in order to meet the needs of the great development of culture and education, some subordinate units successively left the school to run independently.

The Institute of Technology became independent and developed into Beijing Institute of Technology (now renamed Beijing Institute of Technology);

Agricultural College merged with Peking University Agricultural College and Tsinghua University Agricultural College to form Beijing Agricultural University;

Two foreign language departments left the school and merged with Beiping Foreign Affairs School to form Beiping Foreign Language School, which gradually developed into Beijing Foreign Studies University today.

After leaving school, the three departments set up and founded the Central Academy of Drama, Central Academy of Fine Arts, East China Branch of Central Academy of Fine Arts (later renamed Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts), Central Conservatory of Music, Beijing People's Art Theatre, Youth Art Theatre, Central Opera House and China Peking Opera Research Institute.

North China University also sent some cadres and teachers to Central Plains and Guangdong to build Central Plains University and Southern University.

From August 1948 to the end of 1949, North China University has trained 19 194 cadres for the country and made important contributions to the liberation of China people.