Xu Cheng's essay "Shui Jingwei" No. 11: "The quiet swallow does not shine on the moon in the sky"

The Laishui River flows through Guangchang, and the clear water flows around the two rivers; the rich and prosperous governor raised famous people, and the Bodhisattva poured water into Confucianism; the moon is shining brightly in the Chanyuan, and we laugh and talk about the achievements of a hundred years; we can judge the good and the bad at that time, and right and wrong at this time It's hard to figure out, the swallow in the sky doesn't shine on the moon in the middle of the sky.

"Shui Jing Zhu" says that Laishui flows from the north to the east of Xiaohong, and from the east to the south of Dahong. It covers the place where Professor Huo Yuan lived in seclusion. In the Western Han Dynasty, Daijun Guangchang County was established. After that, it was abolished and renamed. In the Tang Dynasty, it belonged to Yuzhou, in the Qing Dynasty, it belonged to Yizhou, and in the early Republic of China, it was changed to Laiyuan County. "Guangchang County Chronicle" says that the Juma River was called Laishui in ancient times, and probably changed to Juma in the Han Dynasty, both of which meant the water was strong. "After the farming work was finished, the disciples were ordered to live in groups and then go to the school." This comes from "Book of the Later Han Qiu Lan Biography". The school is an ancient school. It may be because Huo Yuan opened a private school in Guangchang County, so there are Xiaohongling and Da Hongling. Huo Yuan was a hermit in the Western Jin Dynasty. His ancestral home was Guangyang, which is now Changyang Town, Fangshan District, Beijing. During the reign of Emperor Hui of the Jin Dynasty, Huo Yuan served as a high-ranking official in the state of Yan, the fiefdom of Sima Ji, the younger brother of Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty. Wang Jun was a general in the Western Jin Dynasty, stationed in northern Xinjiang and suppressing the Fubian tribe. After the Yongjia Rebellion, he took advantage of the fact that there was no master in the world and developed a disobedient heart. "Book of Jin·Biography" says that later Wang Jun claimed that the plan was arrogant, and when people asked him about it, he didn't answer. Wang Jun held a grudge and killed Huo Yuan for any reason. "Book of Jin·Biography" also says that Huo Yuan lived in the mountain for many years and had hundreds of disciples. King Yan made sheep wine every month. During the Jin Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty, famous Confucian scholars such as Shu Xi, Li Mi, Xu Miao, and Huo Yuan all made great academic achievements, actively advocated private learning, and devoted themselves to the spread of Confucianism. Huo Yuan did not envy fame, wealth or officialdom, he studied his studies carefully and always regarded Confucianism as authentic. His words and deeds had a profound influence on later generations. However, during the Wei and Jin Dynasties, there were constant disputes among schools within Confucianism, and other schools of thought also entered the Confucian school. Although they seemed to be competing with it, it lost its hegemonic status.

"Shui Jing Zhu" says that (Laishui) passes eastward to the south of the old city of Guangchang County. Wang Mang's Guangping was built, and Wei granted Lejin the title of a marquis. Wang Mang's "restructuring through ancient times" was not only about land, currency and commerce, but even place names showed the atmosphere of the new dynasty. Le Jin was a famous general in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. He later followed Cao Cao to capture Jia, fight Guandu, kill Yan Jing, and defeat the Yellow Turban. It was natural for Guangchang or Guangping to become his vassal state. However, Wang Mang's restructuring failed to resolve the further intensified social conflicts. Coupled with the simultaneous occurrence of locust plagues, droughts and famines, the Red Eyebrow and Green Forest Army rose up and triggered a wave of rebellion against Mang. After Liu Xiu became the overlord, he inherited the legacy of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, established imperial studies, established doctors of the Five Classics, and promoted private studies. The trend of advocating Confucianism became very popular during the Eastern Han Dynasty. However, since Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty only respected Confucianism, he respected the emperor, implemented benevolent governance, and respected etiquette, justice, and integrity, which caused Confucianism to lose its vitality and vitality. And many Confucian students studied Confucianism for Confucianism's sake. No wonder Ban Gu said angrily: "The path of Gaili and Lu is the same." Some people say that since Dong Zhongshu, a large amount of mythological content has been incorporated into Confucianism, which has led Confucianism to absurdity. Within Confucianism, there are many "schools" and "schools", each studying independently and adhering to dogma without interoperability. By the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, political corruption and social darkness had caused the supreme status of Confucianism to be questioned. "Han Su is as white and turbid as mud, and Gao Di's good generals are as timid as a strider" comes from "Baopuzi". Ge Hong was from the Eastern Jin Dynasty. It can be seen that from the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Confucian moral norms were in a dilemma, and a crisis of faith also naturally occurred.

"Book of Jin·Biography" says that (Wang Jun) took the original and beheaded him, and hung his head. All the living beings cried out in sorrow, and at night they stole corpses and buried them in funerals. People near and far are horrified, and everyone feels unjust and painful. Huo Yuan lived during the period of Emperor Hui of the Jin Dynasty. A large number of famous Confucianists in the Western Jin Dynasty tried their best to inherit the orthodoxy of Confucianism. However, the rise of metaphysics in the Cao Wei Dynasty caused Confucianism to be impacted to varying degrees. Only the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove, represented by Ruan Ji and Ji Kang, had no choice but to enter Taoism. They demonstrated the value of Confucianism in a mutated way, which can also be regarded as a political means. Regrettably, neither Ruan Ji nor Ji Kang fought against the Sima clan who was popular for their "fake Confucianism". Xiang Xiu and Guo Xiang simply advocated the integration of Confucianism and Taoism. It's a suspicion, but it's also a helpless confrontation. The Seven Sages in the Bamboo Grove mutated and protected Confucianism and ultimately ended in compromise, but the metaphysics of the Wei and Jin Dynasties directly affected the spiritual evolution of the two Jin Dynasties. He Yan and Wang Bi used Confucian classics to explain Taoist thoughts and proposed to support Taoism and enter Confucianism. They were praised by Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty. This was still the case after Emperor Hui of Jin came to the throne. The superiors did not dominate the emperor, but the subordinates could govern the government and the people, so as to achieve the goal of Kang Chong and the world. Yi'an's political purpose. However, with the rise of metaphysics in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, Buddhism also entered China as a strong force, and both coexisted with Confucianism and influenced each other. Taoism is naturally essentially the same as "emptiness" and "nothingness", which also makes many metaphysical figures have both Buddhism and Taoism. It’s just that Buddhism encourages people to live in the world, but Confucianism advocates joining the world. No wonder those who regard Confucianism as the supreme, especially the emperors, have an attitude of absolute resistance and rejection. Fortunately, preconceptions seem to be unshakable, but metaphysics and Buddhism cannot die out in an instant. Some people say that when Confucianism reached its peak again in the form of "Neo-Confucianism of the Song and Ming Dynasties", elements of Buddhism and Taoism were also incorporated into its blood. In the early days of Emperor Hui of the Jin Dynasty, civil strife arose, royal disputes intensified, the gentry gravitated toward the interests of political groups, and the Confucian ethical system gradually collapsed. From advocating Confucianism to advocating Xuan, and from advocating Xuan to supporting Taoism and entering Confucianism, or supporting Confucianism and entering Xuan Dynasty, the spiritual changes of the two Jin Dynasties can also be described as ups and downs. It is a pity that Shu Xi, Li Mi, Xu Miao and others did not see the bright moon in the Song Dynasty after all. But Mencius said that there is no justice in the world, so he died as a martyr. "I have lived in the mountains for many years and have hundreds of disciples." Huo Yuan died unjustly before someone stole his body and buried it, and the people were shocked and grieved. However, Xu Guang of the Eastern Jin Dynasty said: He used to live in seclusion in Guangyang Mountain and taught thousands of people. He was killed by Wang Jun. Although it has been around for thousands of years, it is still known as the second school. There is no inscription on it, and it is unknown who lives there.

In fact, it doesn't matter if you think about it. There is no inscription on the monument and I am not sure who lived in seclusion on Guangyang Mountain, but the name of Erxiao is still there. What's more, Huo Yuan has a pure Taoism and a high moral integrity, so naturally he will not care about whether it is eternal or not. Liufang.

"Shui Jing Zhu" says that it passes from the southeast to the north of Rongcheng, and the Juma River flows to the east. The water from Litinggou flows into it, and the water from Dukanggou flows to the east of Tuixian County. Tuoxian County is now Laishui, Hebei Province. In the sixth year of Emperor Gao of the Han Dynasty, the county was established and belonged to Zhuojun. Li Pavilion is located eighteen miles southwest of Zhuozhou City, Hebei Province. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, the pavilion was a local grassroots administrative agency, divided into five-mile short pavilions and ten-mile long pavilions. It was gradually replaced by post after the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. The reason why Li Pavilion is named "Li" is because the sixth generation ancestor of Li Daoyuan was once the prefect of Lelang and moved there from Xianxian Township in Zhuo County. People also called their residence Li Village. Litinggou Water Connect crosses Laishui, Zhuoxian, Xincheng and Dingxing counties, and flows into the Juma Zhengliu River in the south of Dingxing County, which is the Nanjuma River. Li Daoyuan's old house is adjacent to the Juma River to the west and Litinggou Water to the east. The branches are winding in the fields. There is a wealth of fish and rice that he misses, and it is also "a place believed to be a tourist attraction"! At this point in my writing, I cannot but mention Du Kang. Dukang was the sacred land of Yan State. Today there is Dukang Pi in the southeast of Zhuozhou, covering the Pingyan area of ??Dingxing, Xincheng and Gu'an counties. "Shui Jing Zhu" says that Sun Changzhi's "Shuhua" contains "Dukang Map", which states that Prince Dan of Yan sent Jing Keji to Qin, and the king of Qin killed Ke, and the map was also extinct. "In ancient times, the ointment was rich in the environment, and the pot meal in Zhongshan was full of spirit." It comes from "Miscellaneous Songs of Yan and Zhao" written by Yan Ermei of the Qing Dynasty. Such a rich land is naturally the best bait for Jing Ke to assassinate Qin! Dukanggou is a branch of the Juma River. It flows from the southwest of Fangshan District, Beijing, and flows into the Baigou River through Zhuozhou, Gu'an, Gaobeidian and other places in present-day Hebei. Since then, the Li family's hometown has been able to "enable the bandits to enjoy the support of farmers and fishermen", and the source of fertilizer and water in Litinggou cannot be ignored.

"Northern History" says that the element of (Li) Dao is known as severe and fierce, and powerful people are afraid of it. Li Daoyuan inherited his father's influence and entered the officialdom. He was not afraid of the powerful, enforced the law strictly, and gained a great reputation. However, his official career was destined to be bumpy. In the third year of Xiaochang's reign, that is, in 527, Qi King Xiao Baoyu, who was guarding Yongzhou, rebelled. Chengyang Wang Yuanhui and others were always jealous of Li Daoyuan, so they borrowed a knife to kill him, hinting to the court and trying their best to encourage the Empress Dowager Hu to appoint him as Guanyou Ambassador to monitor Xiao Baoqi. However, the Qi King of Yongzhou really rebelled and was killed. "Wealth cannot be lascivious, poverty cannot be moved, power cannot be subdued" comes from "Mencius: Teng Wen Gong". Before his death, Li Daoyuan glared angrily, loudly rebuked the rebels, and practiced the teachings of Confucius and Mencius with his life. His literary virtues are impressive! There have always been many evaluations of Li Daoyuan, but most of them focus on the "Shui Jing Commentary", and the sages of the Northern Wei Dynasty are no exception. "The articles are erudite and erudite, and they are the ancestors of Confucian scholars. The Shuijing has comments, and Yu Gong contributed equally." Zongzong, for In fact, Li Daoyuan, the person who everyone learned from, was indeed a respected Wenzong and a great Confucian. Li Daoyuan cited scriptures in "Shui Jing Zhu", praising Dayu, denounced King Zhou, and Wei Wenhou were afraid to lie down while listening to ancient music, but they did not express their positions, but there was a wisdom of not saying anything hidden in the calm narration. "Book of Wei Volume 42" says that (Li Daoyuan) is now guarding Luyang. He specially built the preface of the school to promote the holy religion. Li Daoyuan entered the official career in the 13th year of Taihe, and died unyielding in the 3rd year of Xiaochang. He once served as a minister under Emperor Xiaowen, Emperor Xuanwu, Emperor Wenjing and Emperor Xiaoming. His official career in the past 40 years has been ups and downs, serving as an official and a scholar. They are all worthy of Confucianism. Emperor Xiaowen was diligent in studying throughout his life, loved reading, never let go of scrolls, was proficient in the Five Classics, and was well-versed in history and biographies. After establishing the capital in Luoyang, Emperor Xiaowen banned Hu clothing and Xianbei language, advocated intermarriage with Han people, and Confucianism became the mainstream culture. After Emperor Xuanwu came to the throne, he refused to allow the Xianbei elders to return to their hometown in order to consolidate the achievements of Emperor Xiaowen's advocacy of respecting Confucianism. Emperor Wenjing lived a luxurious life, often rivaling his younger brother Guangping Yuanhuai in wealth, and indulged in corruption and lawlessness. However, he hanged himself and died shortly after his reign. Emperor Xiaoming succeeded to the throne at a young age, and the powerful official Yuan Yi and his mother, the Queen Mother Hu, successively abused power and disrupted the government, and were eventually poisoned by the Queen Mother Ling. In the Northern Wei Dynasty, in order to eliminate the law that the mother must die before the mother is involved in political affairs, it was deposed by Emperor Xuanwu who believed in Buddhism. It is not surprising that women are called the system. What trouble? Foye? Yeah? No? Let’s not express it for now. When Li Daoyuan was the prefect of Luyang, he built a school to spread the holy religion, and his contribution to the achievement of "poems and books at home and rituals and music at home" was also indispensable. Especially during the Five Hus and Sixteen Kingdoms period, the spiritual evolution took such a big turn, I believe When the saint knows this, he will definitely smile.

"Shui Jing Zhu" says that its water (Dukanggou Water) branches from Zezhi, east to the south of the old city of Zhuo County, and east to the south of the tomb of Han Shizhong Lu Zhi. Lu Zhi, also known as Ziqian, was a Confucian scholar and general in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Lu Zhi wrote twenty volumes of "Shangshu Zhangju", "Exegesis of the Three Rites", "Exegesis of the Book of Rites", and two volumes of collected works, which are now lost. "Quan Hou Han Wen" includes (Lu Zhi's) "The Letter to the Stone Classic of the Imperial Academy", "The Fengshi on the Solar Eclipse", "Zoushi", "The Book of Preface to Regulate Dou Wu", "Li Wensheng's Edict", etc. speech. "Quanhou Hanwen" collects all texts from the beginning of writing to the Tang Dynasty, except for historical biographies, scholars, poems and poems, and special books. It is a long book about scholars, great Confucians, great masters, Buddhists, Taoists, workers, and even famous ladies. Huge production. During the Yellow Turban Rebellion (Lu Zhi) was Beizhonglang General and led his army to fight Zhang Jiao, but was later framed and imprisoned. After Huangfu Song pacified the Yellow Turbans, he rescued Lu Zhi and was reinstated as Minister. Dong Zhuo was dismissed from his post because of his remonstrance, and Lu Zhi lived in seclusion in Jundu Mountain in Shanggu. Later, he was invited by Yuan Shao as a military advisor. In the third year of Chuping (192), Lu Zhi passed away. In the 21st year of Zhenguan (647), Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty decreed that twenty-two sages and Confucian scholars from all dynasties should be worthy of Confucius, including Lu Zhi. In the second year of Dazhong Xiangfu (1009), Emperor Zhenzong of the Song Dynasty named Lu Zhi the Liangxiang Bo, and he still worshiped in the Confucius Temple.

Cao Mengde commented: Therefore, Lu Zhi, the general of Beizhonglang, is famous all over the world. He is regarded as a Confucian scholar, a model for scholars, and a leader of the country. Aixinjueluo Yinzhen commented: Zheng Zhong, Lu Zhi, Fu Qian and Fan Ningshou follow the same family tradition. At this point, I would like to declare that the text related to Lu Zhi comes from Baidu Encyclopedia. It is suspected of plagiarism, but there is no intention. What he said is better than what I said, but I still need to say it. Huo Yuan, Li Daoyuan, and Lu Zhi are all great Confucians in China. They lived in different eras, but they have the same mind. What trouble? Foye? Yeah? No? Let’s not express it yet.

"Shui Jing Zhu" says that the Dukang River flows to the south, which is called Baigou Water. It passes to the west of Guangyang Pavilion in the south and Hezhigou in the south. The ditch water is connected to the Juma River in the west and flows out to the east. Zhigou flows into Baigou to the east, and Baigou flows into Juma River to the south. "The Baigou moved to the Jianghuai River to stop the crime and declare peace and fear of injustice" comes from Liu Yin's "Baigou". The author of the poem was a famous Neo-Confucian scholar in the Yuan Dynasty. He neglected officialdom and taught students from a poor family. After his death, he was awarded a bachelor's degree in the Imperial Academy. The Alliance of Chanyuan was an alliance concluded between the Northern Song Dynasty and the Liao Kingdom in 1005. The two countries took the Baigou River as their border. During the Southern Song Dynasty, the Central Plains fell, and the Song and Jin Dynasties reached a peace agreement in 1141. The Northern Jin Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty were bounded by the Huai River in the east and Dashan Pass in the west. At that time, Liu wrote a poem because of his feelings when he passed Baigou. However, he felt that Song Huizong should not be blamed for the fragmentation of the Song Dynasty. The culprit should be Song Taizu who only talked about taking Youyan. Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty believed in Taoism, was proficient in tea art, could draw eagles, and created an original thin gold body. These seemed to be the emperor's hobbies, but to achieve perfection, he had to go all out. Fortunately, since the Wei and Jin Dynasties, Confucianism, metaphysics, and Buddhism have stood side by side and influenced each other. In the late Tang Dynasty, "The Analects of Women" and other admonition books appeared, the creation of Neo-Confucianism in the Song and Ming Dynasties was natural and had a significant impact on later generations. Liu Yin was familiar with Confucian classics since he was a child, and studied under the great scholar Yan Mijian. He took Zhu Xi as his sect, but he was eclectic. Zhu Xi was seventy years old. He experienced the three dynasties of Song Gaozong, Song Xiaozong, and Song Guangzong, but had no connection with Song Huizong. He was also on the south bank of the Huaihe River when he achieved Cheng Zhu Neo-Confucianism, but Baigou and the Huaihe River were only fifty steps and a hundred steps apart.

During the Song Dynasty and the pre-Qin and Han and Tang dynasties, Confucianism had long been integrated into Wei and Jin metaphysics and Buddhism, and was called "Xinxing Scholarship" or "Neo-Confucianism". Zhu Xi inherited the ideas of sages and established a huge system of Neo-Confucianism, which became the culmination of Neo-Confucianism in the Song and Ming dynasties. It was revered as an official school by later generations, and his achievements are highly respected. It was only during the Ming and Qing Dynasties that Neo-Confucianism of the Song and Ming Dynasties became the official philosophy of the rulers, and Confucianism transformed to the greatest extent into pure feudal ethics and ethics, which were sacred and inviolable. Zhu Xi died of dirt, but he pushed Neo-Confucianism to the extreme. For Confucianism, it should be the "Moon in the Sky" of the Song Dynasty after experiencing the struggle in the Spring and Autumn Period, the dominance of Huang and Lao's techniques, and the Hu Feng in the Tang Dynasty. During the Yuan Dynasty, Confucianism was not yet an official way of governing the country, but was just a weapon used by the students to win the first prize in the examination room. Liu Yin inherited the mantle of Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism, but he thought about the way of heaven and the unity of nature and man. He advocated focusing on tranquility, not being connected with things, and forgetting both things and myself. Since then, Liu Yin has undoubtedly fixed the "bright moon" of the Song Dynasty in the sky! It's just that the Liao Dynasty belongs to the Khitan, the Jin Kingdom belongs to the Jurchens, and the Yuan Dynasty belongs to the Mongols. They are all barbarian tribes. They have merged with the Chinese people over the years, but they have not abandoned their own national ideology for the sake of self-identity. This is undoubtedly dim. The "Bright Moon" of the Song Dynasty! "Youyan does not shine on the moon in the middle sky, but the abundant sky sings the wind in the sea" still comes from Liu Yin's "Baigou". Youyan generally refers to northern Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin, Liaoning and the area north of the Datong River in Korea. Before the Tang Dynasty, it belonged to Youzhou , belonged to Yan during the Warring States Period. In his poem, Liu Yin just laughed at the Northern Song Dynasty for not being able to recover the fallen territory, so there was no need to sing "The Song of the Wind" in vain, but he forgot about the bright moon rising from Cheng Zhu. Fortunately, the demise of the Yuan Dynasty ushered in the Ming Dynasty. When Zhu Youjian was hanged on the Meishan Mountain, it was the Qing Dynasty, and the bright moon was still bright in the sky. At this point, I believe everyone who should laugh is laughing, but what about those who should cry?

"Shui Jing Zhu" says that it crosses the Bohai Sea in the east, the north of Pingshu County, and enters the sea in the east. Li Daoyuan said that the Juma River flows eastward into the sea. As for Dongpingshu County, it was established in the Western Han Dynasty and belonged to Bohai County. Its administrative seat is now Dacheng County, Hebei Province. It was changed to Pingshu County in the Northern Wei Dynasty. In fact, there is also the Langou River connected to the Baigou River, which in turn is connected to Baiyangdian, and belongs to the Daqing River system with Yishui and Juma Rivers. The name of Baigou River was first seen in "Shui Jing Zhu". It was named because of the many white hibiscus. It joins the Nanjuma River in Baigou Town. After the Chanyuan Alliance, the Song and Liao dynasties set up markets for mutual trade on the border, and also built post roads with Baigou as the transit point. During the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, commerce in Baigou Town was still prosperous and it was a major commercial port in southern Yannan. According to "Xincheng County Chronicles Baigou Dadu" of the Ming Dynasty, Baigou Town was close to Jia Qilu and connected to Fujian and Guangdong in the distance. Scholars and merchants crossed to each other and faced each other. "The Daqing River is a tributary of the Ziya River. The upper reaches is the Juma River, the middle reaches is the Baigou River, and the lower reaches are still called the Daqing River. Because this water system originates from Wenshui, the upper, middle and lower reaches are collectively called the Daqing River. The Daqing River finally flows into the Ziya River. The Yahe River and the Ziya River flow into Tianjin and merge with the South Canal to form the Haihe River. During the Republic of China, private boats and small steamers plied the Baigou River, and the docks were also very lively. The Baigou Town was known as the "Little Tianjin Guard". "Nanxiangzi: There is Shenzhou in the Northwest" says that if you drive a donkey eastward to Baigou, you will never have to worry about it. It is not the end of the world. You can take a small steamer from the dock of Baigou Town to Tianjin Wei. The end of the desolate sky is not the end of the desolate sky. It's just that since ancient times, the moon has never reached the sky. Is it a blessing? Is it still temporary? Not expressed.