Brief introduction and detailed information of audio movies

Brief introduction A movie with sound refers to a movie with sound played synchronously, as opposed to a silent movie. 1900, the first sound film was released in Paris, and it was not until ten years later that the reliable synchronous sound technology gradually matured and could be commercialized. 1923 In April, the first synchronized sound film was released in new york. 1927 10 The release of the first audio feature film Jazz Singer made the musical comedian joelson famous.

In the early1965-1938+1930' s, talking movies became a global phenomenon. In the United States, talking movies make Hollywood one of the most influential cultural and commercial centers in the world. Many European filmmakers and critics are skeptical about this new technology. They worry that too much dialogue will weaken the special beauty of silent films. In Japan, popular movies are usually silent movies plus live performances, so the development of talking movies is slow. In India, sound has become an important factor in the rapid development of the country's film industry.

How to shoot early movies only has pictures, and the movie itself has no sound. The spoken language of the characters in the play is indirectly expressed through actions, gestures and subtitles. The running speed of shooting and showing silent movies is 16 frames per second. In the silent film period, the film developed into a pure visual art,

When shooting, two kinds of negatives with different sensitivities are used, one is to take pictures and the other is to record. After a series of technical processing, the sound track and picture are printed on the positive film. When making a film copy, the projector is equipped with a sound reproduction device, which can reflect the picture and restore the sound track to sound.

With the development of science and technology, it is gradually possible to make audio movies, but in the early days, audio movies were a brand-new thing for the public. Many large studios are not optimistic about this market and are worried about losing their regular audience. At this time, Warner Bros.' film company was facing bankruptcy crisis, so they took the sound film as a bet to shoot jazz singers. Unexpectedly, it achieved unprecedented success, because it was widely welcomed by the audience and other film companies followed suit. Since then, audio movies have become an unstoppable torrent.

In most film-making processes, magnetic recording has replaced photosensitive recording. When the film develops from silence to sound, in order to ensure the sound quality, the running speed of shooting and screening is increased from 16 frames per second to 24 frames per second. Due to the appearance of talking movies, movies have developed from pure visual art in silent period to audio-visual art.

History of Development1910 On August 27th, Thomas Alva Edison announced his latest invention: sound film. Selected audiences were invited to Edison Lab in West Orange, New Jersey, to watch the movie machine that linked the sound of the phonograph with the images on the movie camera.

Other people have also thought about inventing a sound film machine, but none of them succeeded. Edison's contribution is that he recorded sound and images at the same time, which others can't do. By using a machine that can record and take pictures, Edison can let the actors walk back and forth freely during the filming, which was impossible in the past.

Edison spent two years developing the sound film machine.

19271010.6, the audience in new york was watching the jazz singer produced by Warner Bros., and suddenly they heard the protagonist say, "Wait a minute, wait a minute, you haven't heard anything yet." This sentence marks the arrival of a new era. The film made the musical comedian joelson famous.

According to the data, the sound movie in the full sense is Warner's Light of New York on July 6th, 1928.

1936, Chaplin made his last silent film Modern Times, which marked the end of silent film.

At the beginning of silent film, the so-called silent film was often accompanied by music or sound effects in its heyday. 1In August, 926, Don Juan starring john barrymore premiered at Warner Theatre in new york. This time, the Vitaphone sound system is used to synchronize the sound and picture of the film with 33 1/3 records per second. New inventions soon appeared. 1927, 10 In June, Warner's King of Jazz sounded the death knell of silent films. By 1930, only 5% of Hollywood movies were silent films. Warner Bros. adopted a more convenient sound transmission technology developed by Western Electric Company, which requires a projection speed of 24 frames per second, thus giving birth to this standard that is still in use today. This change completely changed the form of the film.

The complete picture of a 35mm silent movie is roughly square, and the ratio is 1.33: 1 (or 4:3, like a TV picture). The earliest sound printed on film was 1.2 1: 1.

1932, producers and projectors jointly established the track width standard on film, thus creating a new ratio of 1.37: 1. With the establishment of this technical policy in the whole industry, the dialogue, singing and dancing in movies have increased dramatically. In the 1930s, movie audiences doubled. The film industry continued to look for new development, and soon, it began to experience color and began a new era.

The process of invention was thus born. After the birth of 1895, the film was "dumb" for a long time. In order to make up for this "dumb" defect, people have tried various methods to make it "speak". At first, the cinema let the voice actors stand behind the scenes and speak when showing movies. This method was adopted for some time and was eliminated. Later, someone came up with another idea: live music accompaniment for film screening. This method is very popular, and it has been popular for nearly 30 years until the end of the production of audio films. After all, these methods only make up for the audience's hearing defects, and can't fundamentally solve the audience's expectation of the film timbre. Therefore, with the development of science and technology and the needs of the audience, audio movies came into being.

The movie with real sound is Light in New York, which was shot by a Hollywood film company on July 6th. 1928. In the same year, audio movies entered the advanced cinemas in China. In fact, before the birth of the real sound film, China had already made an experimental screening of the sound film, and discussed and argued about its prospect.

19 14, an audio film of wax board pronunciation was shown in Shanghai Victoria Theatre, which was experimental, so it didn't attract much attention.

Recording methods The recording methods of contemporary movies include synchronous recording and post-recording. The two recording methods can be used together, so there are so many movies being processed now.

With the progress of recording technology and the rise of digital music, sound engineers can not only let the audience hear sounds that can't be heard with the naked eye in daily life, but also create sound effects for movies that don't exist in reality. Especially in science fiction films, disaster films and other films, digital technology is not only used in pictures, but also in sound.

Meaning 1, the influence on the means of film art expression.

2. Improvisation almost completely disappeared.

3. Dramatic films have firmly established their own development advantages.

4. The emergence of musical films.

5. It has affected the expansion of Hollywood movies.

The invention process of the rise of audio movies

Movies with sound are nothing new. As early as 1899, movies could already make some sounds in Edison's laboratory. Mei and others naively made the film sound by talking behind the scenes. Before 1900, EMI had held several screenings of songs and records. At the same time, Barron and Lauste designed a clever method of sound and picture synchronization.

In the 10 era that began in the 20th century, the efforts of Henri Jolly and Gaumont in France made achievements. At the same time, Edison and Acto were sealed in the United States, Hyperion, Lauste and Williamson were in Britain, and magnuson and Paul were born in Scandinavian countries, and the same result was achieved.

But at this time, the film is still in the stage of silent art, and people have learned how to synchronize the movements and lines, amplify the sound with compressed air, and let the 6000 audience gathered in the Gaomeng Grand Theatre hear it. However, the sound emitted has a strong nasal sound, and the synchronization method is not perfect. Actors must try to match the movements of their lips with the "reproduction" of phonograph records. By 19 14, audio movies have almost been abandoned.

The phonograph was produced by the telephone, and the telephone itself was developed from the telegraph. The wireless telegraph invented almost at the same time as the film-and the development of radio broadcasting in the future, through the recording of "megaphone" and the amplification method of "three-stage vacuum tube" (invented by Reed worster), some problems existing in audio films have been solved. The big electric company that makes radio equipment has become the holder of the patent right of the sound film machine.

At that time, these patents were monopolized by two groups, namely "General Electric Company-Western Electric Company" in the United States and "A.E.G.-tobias Company-Crane Film Company" in Germany.

"Western Electric Company" once proposed its recording method to some big American film companies which are also controlled by Morgan Bank. But these companies are unwilling to accept this kind of audio film that threatens Hollywood hegemony.

Disappointed, western power companies turned to Warner Bros. ... the small film company founded by the latter two bought the old company Vitagraf and the small projection network composed of 15 cinemas.

The two producers are interested in using loudspeakers instead of an orchestra in the cinema. In their early talking films, the sound produced by the "Vitafen" talking film machine was limited to some music and some noisy sounds.

Although Warner has signed contracts with two of its stars, actor john barrymore and dog star Lin Dingding, it is still in bankruptcy. As a last resort, the company decided to make a musical Don Juan starring Barrymore. The success of this sound film has greatly encouraged the continued production of this kind of film. Warner Bros. used its last capital to shoot this film. It hired Al Jolson, a famous singer in the amusement park, and Alan Crosland, who is not famous, to direct his performance. The script is somewhat similar to DuPont's film baruch, which tells the story of a poor Jewish singer who became famous. With this as the theme, the film is interspersed with many famous songs and tunes.

The film was a great success. Its release income in the United States reached $3.5 million, almost close to the record set by Ben Xu. However, the latter's record was quickly broken by another new film, Song Madness, starring Al Jolson of Warner Corporation, which earned $5 million. Seeing this brilliant achievement, other Hollywood companies also began to seek the patent rights of sound films. William Fowles invented a "movie pass" based on a German invention. Other companies have to accept the harsh conditions put forward by "General Electric West Company". Not long after, the radio company controlled by Rockefeller also developed the "Forto Wind" sound movie machine, but it was resisted by other companies. In order to make use of this sound film machine, Rockefeller Financial Group set up a new film company in Hollywood-Lei Dianhua Film Company, which is a merger of established companies such as EMI Film Trading Company, Mutual Film Company and Triangle Film Company and a large joint venture company that used to run an amusement park. It is formed by various radio companies (such as C.

Early film 1926, Warner Bros. filmed the musical Don Juan (directed by A. crossland) starring J. Barrymore, with records.

1927 10 year 10.6, The Jazz Singer with Singing, Dialogue and Voice, directed by A. crossland and starring A. Sheng Qiao, premiered again, which is the first feature film with sound in the world. 1928 On July 6th, Warner Company released 100% Audio Movie and Light of New York. Since then, audio films have been fully promoted. By 1930, all the feature films except Chaplin's silent films were audio films.

Among the directors, the first ones who adapted to the production of sound films and made creative films were Applause by R. Mamarian (1929), Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde with subjective lenses (1932). L. Myerston's All Quiet on the Western Front (1930) and Front Page News (193 1), Love Review (1929) and Liu Bieqian's Smiling Captain (/kloc-0) Chaplin also made his first sound film The Great Dictator (1940).

Hollywood studios have been established since 19 12. With the establishment of 1928 Lei Dianhua Film Co., Ltd., eight major companies in the American film industry have been formed. These include five major film companies, namely Paramount (founded in 19 14), 20th Century Flowserve (founded in 19 15 and merged in 1935) and MGM (merged in/kloc-0).

The first movie192710/0 On October 6th, Al Jolson played the leading role in a talking movie "Jazz Singer" which started today. His voice is a bit dull, not as clear as the telephone transmission. The actors' actions are out of touch with their language. The sound is not as cadence as on the radio. But anyway, this is the first time.

The plot of Jazz Singer partly reflects the real life of joelson. Like the hero he plays, joelson comes from a Jewish family and is very dissatisfied with the career of jazz singers. Joelson's estrangement from his parents and his subsequent career success are the tension and moving features of this film. He played the role of a black man and sang the hymns Cole Niederry and Mom with deep affection. Werner Herun and Longinia Bethel play the roles of father and mother respectively.

Domestic Movies1931March, The Goddess Red Peony, the first audio feature film produced by Shanghai Star Company, was shown in Guangxin Grand Theatre, and the first audio film in China came out.

1931June 2 1 day, China's first audio film "Rain clears up" was released.

There are two kinds of speaking skills in movies: "wax disc vocalization" and "film vocalization". The former is to record the sound on the turntable and play it synchronously with the film during the screening, thus dubbing the film; This is also the method used when the world's audio movies first came out. Born in 1927, the world's first audio film "The King of Jazz" is like this. The latter is a widely used recording technology on film today. Because of the cost and technical level, The Song Girl Red Peony adopts a low-cost and simple production method, so it should actually be called the first sound film of "the sound of a wax board" in China.

The song "Girl Red Peony" was written by Hong Shen, directed by Zhang Shichuan and starring Butterfly. The film describes that after the female singer Hong Mudan married her fallen husband, she not only suffered a lot, but also her artistic career went downhill. However, when her husband sold his daughter and went to prison for manslaughter, Red Peony swallowed her words and tried her best to save her husband. The film describes the joys and sorrows in the life of opera artists, and also exposes the persecution of women's body and mind by feudal ethics. In addition to dialogue, taking advantage of "voice", four pieces of Peking Opera (sung by Mei Lanfang) such as Mukezhai, Yutangchun and Shiro Tanmu were inserted into the film, which further increased the sensational effect of the film. This is exactly the same as the world's first audio film with the theme of a singer's life. The film started shooting in the middle of 1930. After five experiments, it was completed at the end of the year at a cost of120,000 yuan. It was shown at the Star Grand Theatre on 193 1 and officially released at the Guangxin Grand Theatre on 15. When the film was released, it was unprecedented, causing a sensation in major cities across the country, and was released in the Philippines, Indonesia and other countries. But strictly speaking, "Red Peony" is only a "semi-audio film", because it only pays attention to the sound of dialogue and ignores the acoustic effect of the surrounding environment, so it seems that only people are talking or singing, and everything around them is silent. This, of course, is also a common problem in early audio films.

Another sound film that started shooting at the same time with this film is Yu Meiren produced by Youlian Company. It also describes the speech part of a pair of drama actors who performed Farewell My Concubine with the wax board voice technology. The two films are slightly different in technology. "Red Peony" is a lip-synching after the film is finished, which is equivalent to our dubbing later today. In Yu Meiren, the sound is recorded first, and then the actors perform live according to the released sound. Compared with the two, each has its own advantages. "Young Mermaid" was staged in May of 193 1, a little later than "Red Peony for Girls".

The sound film made of wax board has obvious shortcomings in technology. The cooperation between recording and projection is the biggest problem. Especially once the film is partially destroyed, it will be difficult for the subsequent plot to match the sound, and even a man will speak on the screen, but a female comedy will come out from the loudspeaker. So in the year when these two films were staged, some film companies also began to trial-produce "on-chip sound" movies with sound. They are Sunny after Rain co-produced by China and Jinan, and Spring in the Music World filmed by Tianyi Company. Both of these films are rented from foreign equipment and filmed with the assistance of foreigners. The first film, Clear Up After Rain, was shown at Hongkou Grand Theatre on June 3rd. 193 1. Because the film rented Japanese equipment and filmed in Japan, it was quickly resisted by the audience. 1933, Hengsheng Film Company filmed "Spring Tide" with its own recording equipment, becoming the first audio film with sound on film made with domestic recording equipment in China.

Due to financial and technical reasons, many film companies continued to produce silent films after the advent of sound films, which formed a special phenomenon that silent films and sound films coexisted for a long time in early China. It was not until 1936 that the filming of silent films finally stopped, and the transformation of China films from silence to sound was completely completed.

Daguanlou Daguanlou Cinema was established in 1905. Before that, it had two predecessors: Tycoon Tea Garden and Ma Siyuan Teahouse. 193 1 The first audio film "The Singing Girl Red Peony" in the history of China was shown. At that time, its first manager, Ren Jingfeng, made the film Dingjun Mountain, which marked the birth of the first film in the history of China.

In 1930s, the Daguan Building was shared by men and women for the first time.

193 1 The first audio film "The Singing Girl Red Peony" in the history of China was shown.

In the 1940s, it was the first cinema to buy a 35mm fixed-seat projector from EMI.

1948, showing the first color * * * "Life and death hate";

In the 1960s, it first showed a wide-screen film.

196 1, converted into the only stereoscopic cinema in Beijing;

1986 took the lead in building a super-large screen cinema.

From silent movies to talking movies, from ordinary screens to wide screens ... Daguanlou witnessed the development of China movies.

The film festival is the Berlin International Film Festival.

It is held in Dublin, Germany in March every year for 10 days.

Brussels International Film Festival

Founded in 1974, it is held in Brussels, Belgium, every year at 65438+ 10 for about two weeks.

Krakow/Krakow International Short Film Festival

Founded in 196 1, it is held in Krakow, a historic city in Poland, from May to June every year for 8 days.

Berlin International Film Festival

Founded in 195 1, it is held in Berlin, Germany from February to March every year for about two weeks.

Stuttgart Animation Film Festival

Founded in 1988, it is held in Stuttgart, Germany from June to April every year for about 5 days.

Moscow International Film Festival

Founded in 1959, it is held every two years from July to August for about two weeks.

the Cannes Film Festival

Founded in 1939, it is held in Cannes, France every May for about two weeks.

Nantes Three Continents International Film Festival

Founded in 1979, it is held every February from 1 1 to 65438+ in Nantes, France, for about 6 days.

Montpellier film festival

Founded in 1978, it focuses on showing China films and is known as "China Film Festival". It is held in Montpellier, France from February to March every year for about 6 days.

international film festival rotterdam

Founded in 1970, it is held in Rotterdam, the Netherlands from/kloc-0 to February every year, about 1 0 days.

Zagreb International Animation Film Festival

Founded in 1972, it is held every two years in Zagreb, Croatia, from May to June every year for about 5 days.

Monte Carlo International Television Festival

Founded in 196 1, it is one of the most important TV festivals in Europe. It is held in Monte Carlo, Monaco from October to February every year, about 1 0 days.

Stockholm film festival

Founded in 1990, it is held in Stockholm, Sweden every year for about 9 days.

Venice film festival

Founded in 1932, it is the first international film festival in the world. It is held in Venice, Italy from August to September every year for two weeks.

Software Description: Audio Movie is a very cool image/sound recording software, which makes full use of the features of windowsphone7. 1 SDK, such as the time interval for editing pictures and inserting new pictures. : Record sound and image at the same time, and the time relationship between them (a new function of Mango SDK). When the scene is realistic, you can shoot it directly in the scene application (new function of Mango SDK). You can freely edit Microsoft Powerpoint files, edit the relative position of pictures and sounds, and add or delete various recording quality options of pictures to adapt to the automatic adaptation of simple and complex Chinese and English interfaces in different application scenarios.

Requirements system requirements: wp7.0, wp7.8, wp8.0.