Who can tell me how to appreciate poetry?

There are some words worthy of special attention in many poems, which usually add a lot of color to the whole poem and even become the eyes of the poem. The poet Miracle wrote a poem "Early Plum", and there is a saying: "In the former village of Zita Law, a few branches opened last night." Zheng Gu changed the word "number" to "one" because the title was "early plum blossom". If a few branches are opened, it means that the flowers have been blooming for a long time and cannot be regarded as "early plum". Miracle admired Zheng Gu very much and called him a "word teacher". Wang Jia wrote a poem "Sunny Days": "Look at the flowers before the rain, and there will be no flowers at the bottom of the leaves after the rain. Bees and butterflies fly over the wall, but they think spring is in the neighbor's house. " Wang Anshi changed "flying in" to "flying in succession", because only the clever pen of the busy butterfly outline can truly feel the unique beauty after the late spring rain. Verb refinement is the main content of ancient poetry refinement. The word "green" in Wang Anshi's Spring Breeze and Green Jiang Nanan, the word "see" in Tao Qian's "Seeing Nanshan leisurely", the word "de" in Zhang Xian's "Clouds breaking the moon to make a flower shadow" and the word "noisy" in Song Qi's "Red Apricot Branches Full of Spring" are all well known. A word "Noisy" expresses the poet's feelings about spring, and a word "Nong" expresses the poet's appreciation of the beauty of flowers dancing in the breeze under the moon. Du Fu's poem: "Four more mountains spit on the moon, and jathyapple is bright." The word "Ming" is an adjective as a verb, which makes the picture dynamic, and even better, the word "spit" (students experience it themselves! If function words are used well, they can also achieve the aesthetic effect of dredging literary spirit, opening and closing echoes, melodious twists and turns, and activating emotional charm. Du Fu has a poem: "There are Bashu in the mountains and rivers, and the towers and terraces are harmonious." Ye Mengde commented: "The distance is hundreds of miles, up and down for thousands of years, only between the word" you "and the word" zi ",but it is beyond words to appreciate the atmosphere of mountains and rivers and cherish the past and present.

Verbs: When appreciating poetry, we should pay attention to verbs, especially those with "multiple meanings".

Example 1: You remember the Qingxi Banli Bridge, where there was no old red board and there were too few people in Qiushui. There is no one at sunset, leaving a weeping willow. ("Regret for the Past Jiangnan" Kong)

Analysis: The word "leftover" is striking here, and the author does not use "leftover" or "see". Its beauty lies in that although the meaning of "leftover" is similar to that of "leftover", the word "leftover" is generally passive and has the meaning of "leftover" and "leftover"; In addition, the word "leftover" is time-sensitive and gives people a sense of helplessness. "Stay" is not that meaningful. "Seeing" is only temporary, and it can't give people a sense of change by comparing the past and the present.

Exodus 2: Why should a strong brother blame the willow? The spring breeze does not pass through Yumen Pass.

Analysis: the word "resentment" obviously uses personification, which is not only the emotion in the song, but also the heart of the piper.

Ex. 3: Petals fall like tears, and lonely birds sing their sorrows.

Analysis: The words "splash" and "shock" are not only fresh words, but also add to the poet's inner pain of hating others.

Exodus 4: Rain makes the flowers wet and the wind darkens the leaves. ("Suburban Xing" Wang Bo)

Analysis: Look at this poem, "wet" means "light" and "sparse" means "shadow", which is unusual in itself. Wang Bo described the short-lasting spring rain. After the rain, there is no rain on the flowers at sunrise, and it is more humid under the sunlight, so the word "wet" is extremely accurate. The word "light" is full of energy, so the word "light" is affectionate. The wind stopped, and under the sunshine, the night shadow was clear and sparse, and the word "sparse" appeared, indicating that the sun was coming from the leaf shadow. It is written completely according to the lifestyle and looks very poetic. The words here are wonderful.

Modifiers: mostly adjectives, but also the focus of poetry appreciation.

Example 1: The Yellow River is far above the white clouds, and there is an isolated city, Wan Ren Mountain.

Analysis: A word "solitary" can describe the loneliness of the environment and reach people's hearts directly.

Example 2: sneak into the night with the wind and moisten things silently.

Analysis: Not bad, and full of pulse, talking about opportunities created by nature, the closest.

Example 3: Young married women in boudoir don't know how to worry, so they put on Cui Lou in spring. Suddenly I saw the green willows, and I felt uncomfortable; Oh, I regret that I shouldn't have asked my husband to find Hou Feng. ("in my heart forever" Wang Changling)

Analysis: The first two sentences write that the young woman is dressed up and rushes to the Cuilou to enjoy the spring scenery. At this time, the author used a word "suddenly", which means casual and just right. Encounter: The willow color that broke into her eyes reminded her of the scene of folding willows with her husband, and she couldn't help but feel sad when she thought of her husband. This is a young woman with a childish face. A word "suddenly" vividly describes this emotional change, which is exactly what this poem is intriguing.

③ Special words: In poetry, some words are unique and readers can find them quickly.

A. Reduplicated words: Reduplicated words have two functions: enhancing the sense of rhythm of language or playing an emphasis role.

1, Yangliuqing Jiang Shuiping, heard the song on the Langjiang River. (《lt； "Zhuzhi Ci" Part I, "Liu Yuxi")

Thousands of families always exchange new peaches for old ones. ("Yuan Ri" Wang Anshi)

3, looking for it, cold and clear, miserable. ("Slow Whispering" Li Qingzhao)

B Onomatopoeic words: Some onomatopoeic words are overlapping words, so they are listed separately because of their high frequency. It has a function: to make poetry more vivid and make people feel immersive.

1, outside the curtain, the rain is gurgling and the spring is fading. Luo Yi can't stand the five shifts. ("Langtaosha" Li Wei)

Leaves fall like the spray of a waterfall, while I watch the long river roll forward. ("Ascending the Mountain" Du Fu)

C. Words expressing colors: These words are sometimes used as predicates, sometimes as attributes, and sometimes as subjects or objects. But there is only one function. Color generally expresses mood, enhances the color sense and picture sense of description, and renders the atmosphere. When you appreciate it, you can grasp the words that can express light colors, and realize the rich artistic meaning and distinctive rhythm of "two orioles singing green willows and a row of egrets rising to the sky" in the poem. The four colors of yellow, green, white and cyan are patchy, extending from points and lines to infinite space. The picture is still and moving, and the three-dimensional rhythm is distinct. Or grasp the words in the poem that can show sharp contrast and appreciate the concentrated emotional color: "The fleeting people, cherry red, banana green." "Red" and "Greenway" show Jie Jiang's "colored thoughts" lamenting that time is in a hurry and spring is fleeting. Even if we grasp the words expressed by a single color, we can also appreciate the poet's deep affection: "Recalling the love in Tsing Yi, we pity the grass everywhere." "Whoever is drunk in the frost forest at dawn always makes people cry!" Pity and hurt feelings are both in "Young" and "Drunken Red".

1 Ten miles after the spring breeze, the wheat is green. ("Yangzhou Slow" Jiang Kui)

2, red lotus root fragrance. ("A Plum Piece of Li Qingzhao")

3. The steps are dotted with green grass in spring, and the birds are chirping happily under the leaves. ("Shu Xiang" Du Fu)

Fourth, examples:

The words added in the following poems have their own beauty, please enjoy the analysis.

1, the desert is lonely and straight, and the long river sets the yen (Wang Wei's "Chuangguan Fortress")

2. The moon, now round at sea, illuminates the whole sky (Zhang Jiuling's Looking at the Moon and Thinking of a Distant Man).

3. A mist emerged from Yungu and Menggu, and has been surrounding Yueyang City (Meng Haoran's "Prime Minister Zhang in Dongting")

How vast the world is, how close the trees are to heaven and how close the moon is to the water! (Meng Haoran's "Jiande Night Sleeping")

5. The mountains are cold and blue, and the autumn waters are all day long (Wang Wei's "Message from Wangchuan Bieye")

6. Birds fly high and go alone. (Li Bai's Sitting Alone in Jingting Mountain)

7. The stars tilt down from the open space, and the moon runs from the upper reaches of the river. (Du Fu's One Night in a Foreign Country)

8. The steps are dotted with green grass in spring, and birds are chirping happily under the leaves. (Du Fu's "Shu Xiang")

[Attachment] 1, "straight" writes the strength and persistence of the beacon smoke, and "round" gives people a warm and boundless feeling. These two sentences not only accurately describe the desert scenery, but also show the poet's true feelings, skillfully blending the lonely mood into the vast natural scenery. 2. The word "Sheng" depicts the bright moon rising from Ran Ran, which is lively. 3. Steaming is about the rich accumulation of lakes, as if the vast Yunmengze has been nourished by Dongting Lake, and Shake is about the surging momentum of Dongting Lake. 4. "Low" describes the unique perspective of people looking up at the sky on the ship, which is very accurate. The word "near" to write about the moon seems to be gentle and considerate, understanding and soothing the poet's lonely heart. 5. "Turn" means that the color of the mountain is getting darker and thicker. The mountain is still, but its dynamics are written by the gradual change of color. "Day" means "every day". The water is flowing. Using the word "day" makes people feel that it is always conservative. 6. "Tiredness" and "leisure" lead readers into a quiet world: it seems that they feel particularly quiet after the birdsong of a mountain disappears, and they feel particularly quiet and calm after the rolling thick clouds disappear, so as to set off the poet's inner loneliness. 7. The stars are hanging low, describing the vastness of Ye Ping, and the moon "surging" with the river, describing the momentum of the river. The scene is magnificent and broad. 8. Spring grass is "green" and orioles are "empty". The scenery is beautiful but nobody cares, and the scene is desolate and miserable.

Appreciate the poetic language and restore the word order

Restore the inverted word order and grasp the poet's true intention and emotional focus.

First, the main points:

1. Subject is postpositioned. Cui Hao's poem "Yellow Crane Tower": "Every tree in Hanyang is clear, and a nest of herbs in Nautilus Island." It means "There is a vivid Hanyang tree in Qingchuan (on a sunny Yuan Ye), and the grass on Nautilus Island is lush". "Hanyang Tree" and "Nautilus Island" seem to be the objects after "vividness" and "lush", but they are actually the objects to be stated.

2. Preposition object. Du Fu's poem "Moonlight Night": "Clouds are fragrant and foggy, and jade shoulders are cold." In fact, it is "fragrant fog and wet clouds, cold and jade arms." The poet imagined that his wife in Zhangzhou was just looking at the moon in her boudoir. The misty mist with a delicate fragrance seemed to wet her hair, and the clear moonlight made her white arms feel cold. Here, "wet" and "cold" are the so-called causative usages, and "cloud" and "jade arm" were originally the objects they dominated, but the results came first and seemed to be the subjects. Xin Qiji's "He Xinlang" words: "Say wine pavilion. You see, it's round and bright, and the wind and the moon are similar, and Wolong Zhuge. " How can Tao Yuanming of Jin Dynasty be like Zhuge Liang of Three Kingdoms? It turned out that the author used these two words to compare his friend Chen Liang, explaining Chen Liang's literary talent and martial arts respectively, which literally means "seeing a romantic life is similar to Yuan Ming and Wolong Zhuge". The object "roundness" ran to the position of the subject. Another example is a poem in Qian Qi's "I'm in Taniguchi's Study", "You'll like the rain over Hsinchu and the sunset over new mountains." Pity the bamboo after the new rain and love the mountain in the sunset. )

3. Subject and object have been interchanged. Ye Mengde's "He Xinlang" words: "Autumn is getting late, and the frost letter reports yellow flowers." Obviously, it also means "returning yellow flowers to frost". This word order of subject-object transposition is still in the form of "subject-verb-object" on the surface, but it must be understood in reverse. Another example is Bai Juyi's "Song of Eternal Sorrow", "Sisters and brothers are all listed in the soil, and because of her light, they are proud of their ancestors" (the family is full of glory), and Lu Lun's "Xia Sai Qu" poem "The dark wind hits the grass in the forest, and the general tries to shoot at night" (the dark wind in the forest is shocking).

4. The location of the attribute. It is a common situation in ancient and modern Chinese that the attribute comes first and the head comes last in radical phrases. However, the position of attribute in poetry is quite flexible, and it can often move back and forth without the headword it modifies.

5. Adverbials in the form of objects. "People don't know where to go, but peach blossoms are still smiling in the spring breeze." On the surface, "laughing at the spring breeze" is a verb-object phrase. In fact, "autumn wind" and "spring breeze" are not based on "moving" and "laughing", but mean "moving in the autumn wind" and "laughing in the spring breeze" respectively. This kind of situation is more common in poems, such as Du Fu's "Autumn Xing", the second of eight poems: "Qian Shan is wide in Clare from Zhao Hui, and he is sitting in the Cuiwei River Building every day." (Claire Kuo, Qian Shan, Zhao Hui, sits in the green of Jianglou every day. ) Li Shangyin's poem "Anding Tower": "I always remember the white hair of the rivers and lakes and want to go back to heaven and earth and enter the boat." I will always remember that the rivers and lakes will come back with white hair. ) are examples of the same kind.

Others: Su Shi's "Niannujiao" words: "The old country fell, passionate about Ying Xiao Wo, born early." (Ying Xiao Wo is sentimental. For example, Mao Zedong's words "independence in cold autumn, Xiangjiang River going north, Orange Island" can be quickly rearranged as "independence in cold autumn (in) Orange Island, (seeing) Xiangjiang River going north"; The typical "But you go up a storey still higher, which broadens your horizons by three hundred li" is familiar to students and can be quickly rearranged as "I want to see Wan Li". It is difficult to find a hero like Sun Quan after the history of the country.

Second, the reasons for the inversion of word order:

First, it is the requirement of temperament. In addition to rhyming and limiting words, the mature "modern poetry" in the early Tang Dynasty and later words and songs should also pay attention to the deployment of parallel poems and the stability of antithesis. In order to meet the requirements of temperament, the poet had to make some changes in the word order.

Second, for the special needs of rhetoric. Wang Wei's poem "The Hairpin Phoenix returns to the bamboo to sing, and the lotus leaves are harvested in front of the fishing boat" in "Autumn Night in the Mountain" says: "Judging from the action sequence in the objective environment, it turned out that the return of' Huannv' caused the sound of bamboo; Under the fishing boat, the' Lotus Movement' was introduced. However, if it is so mechanically stated that "Huan women belong to noisy bamboo and the fishing boat moves lotus", then the center of the picture is attributed to passive factors "bamboo" and "lotus"-this is the end of the action process. When the action is over, the picture will be still. " According to the order in the poem, "Bamboo Noisy" and "Lotus Moving" become the introduction of "Huannv" and "Fishing Boat". So the center of the picture moved to the active factors of the actions of' Huan Nv' and' Fishing Boat'. The movements of "Huannv" and "Fishing Boat" are not only more obvious than those of "Bamboo" and "Lotus", but also as the starting point and motivation of the movement, which enables this process to continue. This greatly enhances the dynamic and uniqueness of the picture. "

In fact, the emergence of special word order in poetry and music, the requirements of melody and rhetoric often have both. For example, Wang Changling's Join the Army and Du Fu's Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night are two examples. The attributive "Ancient City" moves forward and "Jinguan City" moves backward, which not only conforms to the pacification format of the seven wonders and the five laws, but also aims to highlight and emphasize the isolated and abrupt terrain where Yumenguan is located and the scene of flowers falling after the spring rain in the poet's imagination.

Third, inspire students to think and give examples respectively.

A. the attribute moves forward. Wang Changling's poem "Joining the Army" said: "There are dark snow mountains in Qinghai, and the lonely city looks at Yumenguan." The "lonely city" in the next sentence refers to Yumenguan, which is an appositive of Yumenguan, but now it is moved to the verb "overlooking", which is easily misunderstood as standing on another lonely city overlooking Yumen. Liu Cha's poem "Joining the Army" said: "No one can hear the sound of the flute, and the red flag goes straight to the Tianshan snow." (Smelling flute) are all examples of the same kind. Lu You wrote in the poem "Sleeping in the daytime": "The fragrance in the account produces fog, and the books accumulate in the mountains beside the pillow." There is a fragrant mist in the tent and a mountain of books on the pillow. )

B. after the attributive is moved. Li Bai's poem "Tianmu Mountain dreams of climbing high": "My heart and dreams are in Wu and Yue, and I cross the mirror lake on a moonlit night." It means "flying over Mirror Lake on January night". The phrase "moonlit night" was originally an adverbial of time at the beginning of a sentence, but now it has been split into two parts. The attributive "moon" is far from the head language, and at the end of the sentence, it seems to be the central part of the object. However, it is obvious that the author can only fly over the mirror lake, but not the moon. And the poem "Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night": "Look at the red and wet place, the flowers in Jinguancheng are heavy." (Jinguancheng with heavy flowers)

Fourth, explain the third aspect: pay attention to ellipsis in poetry and fill the blank left by the poet with imagination and association.

Mr. Jin Kaicheng pointed out that the appreciation of poetry is always inseparable from the word "image". Mr wu shichang also said that it takes imagination to read words. In poetry appreciation, reconstructing imagination according to the "reconstruction conditions" stipulated in poetry can supplement the blank left by the poet intentionally, restore the scene of poetry and obtain higher aesthetic enjoyment. This is a necessary part of poetry appreciation. Ellipsis in poetry is related to the combination of images. Therefore, you can also use imagination to fill in the omitted parts. Jia Dao's See the Guest: "I asked your student, under a pine tree," he replied, "My teacher went to collect medicine." However, through these clouds, how can I know which corner of the mountain it is facing? Obviously, it takes three questions and three answers, and it takes at least six sentences to complete the dialogue. The author reduced it to twenty words by answering questions. This is like the montage technique in the movie, one image after another, one picture after another, leaving a lot of gaps between the shots, so that our readers can supplement and improve according to the logic of life, the accumulation of experience and their own cultivation.

In fact, the combination of images in China's classical poems can be directly combined between words, images and images with the help of parataxis of Chinese grammar, and even words that play a connecting role can be omitted. For example, Xin Qiji's phrase "the bright moon surprises the magpie, and the breeze knows in the middle of the night" (using familiar words such as "the bright moon" and "the breeze"), however, when they are combined with "the other branches surprise the magpie" and "the cicada knows in the middle of the night", they form a deep artistic conception with both sound and sound and dynamic Xian Yi, and people even ignore the level and level confrontation of these two sentences. "Moon" and "Surprising Magpie", "Wind" and "Singing Cicada" are not simple things listed, but have internal relations and causal relationships. ) Wang Wei's "Send Yuan Er An Xi" says: "There is no reason to persuade you to have a glass of wine." Du Fu's "Memories of Li Bai in Spring" said: "When is it important to drink a bottle of wine and write a detailed discussion?" When old friends meet, talk or write papers, they always have some wine. With a glass of wine, I wrote down the scene of two people meeting.

Think again, it is not so easy to write two people's parting and parting thoughts in seven words. The poet chose Jianghu, Raining at Night and Ten-year Lamp, and made touching descriptions. The word "Jianghu" can be associated with circulation and vagrancy. Du Fu's "Li Bai's Dream" said: "From rivers and lakes-storms, shipwrecks, fear is a boat." "Rain at night" can arouse people's feelings. Li Shangyin's "Sending Friends to the North on a Rainy Night" says: "Ask Jun to return, and the rain will rise in the autumn pool at night." Listening to the "rain at night" in the "Jianghu" adds a sense of desolation. It rains at night, so we need to light a lamp, so we chose the word "lamp". "Lamp" is a common word, and "Ten-year lamp" is the author's initiative. The connection with "Jianghu in the rainy night" can stimulate readers' imagination: two friends, each wandering in the Jianghu, are alone with the lamp every rainy night, missing each other and can't sleep at night. And this scene has lasted for ten years! Lu You's Worry Book, "The night snow in the building, the iron horse and the autumn wind scattered", and the article "The cock crows like a thatched cottage, and the frost on the bridge is deserted" are all related by nouns. The aspect of "image" seems to be isolated, but the aspect of "meaning" has internal deep connection, which seems to be divorced from reality and reality, leaving readers room for imagination. The last two sentences of Du Mu's "Crossing Huaqing Palace": "When the world of mortals rode the princess, no one knew it was litchi." There is no related word between "riding the world of mortals" and "concubine laughing", and they are put together directly. It can be said that "Riding the World of mortals" made "the concubine laugh"; It can also be said that the princess showed a smiling face in "Riding the World of mortals", like an overlay of two shots. Both of these understandings seem possible, but they are not exact. The poet just puts two contrasting images in front of the reader. The connection between the images needs you to imagine and supplement, but it is not allowed to solidify them. Once solidified, it loses its poetry; The charm of poetry lies in its ambiguity. Another example is Ouyang Xiu's "Butterfly Loves Flowers": "The rain and wind are crazy in March, and the door covers the dusk, so there is no plan to stay in spring." Omitting the conjunction of "door cover" and "dusk" can be understood as closing at dusk, closing at dusk and closing at dusk, which may have three meanings. Anyway, the young woman has a closing action, and the time is dusk. This action shows his loneliness, disappointment and melancholy.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) allocation (ellipsis)

Appreciation of Poetry Language and Its Overall Linguistic Features

1. Fresh

The characteristics of "Master's Skill" are that the terminology is novel and unconventional. Freshness is generally used in landscape poetry. Generally, the poetic style is distinct, the language is popular, the metaphor is novel and unique, and it contains the author's joy. The fresh wind is common in the following poems. First, for most pastoral poets, Tao Qian's poems are mainly dull and sometimes fresh, while Wang Wei's and Meng Haoran's poems are relatively fresh.

1, Wang Wei: a poet and painter in the Tang Dynasty. In the ninth year of Kaiyuan (72 1), he was a scholar, and was named as the Great Music City because of his good temperament. Soon, the treasurer of Jizhou joined the army. In the 22nd year of Kaiyuan, it was taken back by Zhang Jiuling. Two years later, at the age of nine, he went on strike. He feels depressed and has a secluded heart. In his forties, he lived in seclusion in Zhong Nanshan and Wangchuan successively, being both an official and a hermit. Thoughts are becoming more and more negative, and Buddhist beliefs are developing day by day. He was captured in the Anshi Rebellion and forced to be a fake official. Chaos, reduced to prince Zhong Yun. After that, he was bored and wanted to make some contributions. He finally got a suitable position and became a minister, known as Wang Youcheng. There are less than 400 poems written by Wang Wei, among which the greatest achievements are describing landscapes and pastoral areas and praising seclusion. His representative works include Zhongnanshan, Manhan River, Autumn Night in the Mountains, Qingxi, Crossing Ji Xiang Temple, Wang Chuan Bie Ji, Pei Shi No.20 and so on. Most of Wang Wei's pastoral poems depict the beauty of nature, but at the same time, they reveal the interest of leisure in leisure life. Or quiet and bleak, or bleak weather, or lonely and deserted, showing the poet's indifference to reality and even the extinction of Zen. In addition, the artistic skill is very high, which is highly praised by future generations. In Wang Wei's farewell poems and Ji Xing's poems, there are often beautiful sentences about scenery, such as "The desert is lonely and the smoke is straight, and the long river sets the yen" ("Make it to the fortress"), which has been passed down from generation to generation.

There are pictures in Wang Wei's poems, and there are poems in the paintings. His feeling of natural beauty is unique and meticulous. His landscapes are full of charm, slightly exaggerated, long in artistic conception, bright in color and well painted. He combines static and dynamic scenery and is good at showing the changes of natural light, color and sound in detail. His landscape poems are short in length, exquisite in language and soothing in syllables, which are suitable for expressing quiet scenery and comfortable mood. Wang Wei is a representative of the pastoral poetry school in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. He inherited and carried forward the landscape poems initiated by Xie Lingyun, and was unique, which made the achievements of landscape pastoral poems reach the peak and occupied an important position in the history of China poetry. Wang Wei also has excellent works in other aspects. Some reflect the life of the army and the frontier fortress, some show chivalry, and some expose the shortcomings of the times. Some small poems that bid farewell to relatives and friends and write about daily life, such as "Farewell to Yuan Er Shi Anxi", "Acacia", "Thinking of Shandong Brothers in the Mountain" and "Farewell to Shenzifu Jiangdong", have been passed down from ancient times to the present. These poems are all five-character poems or seven-character poems, which are sincere, unadorned, simple and profound, comparable to Li Bai and Wang Changling, and represent the highest achievement of quatrains in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. His poems, which should be written, sung and preached to Buddha, are occasionally famous, but they are not enough. Wang Wei has the highest attainments in five laws, five unique skills and seven unique skills, and he is also good at other aspects, which is very prominent in the Tang Dynasty poetry circle. Its seven methods, either vigorous and gorgeous, or beautiful and elegant, are all imitations of the seven sons of the Ming Dynasty. The seven ancient forms are neatly arranged and the momentum is erratic. Prose is quiet and meaningful, full of poetry, such as The Mountain and Pei Xiucai's Book. Wang Wei enjoyed great fame both before and after his death, and was known as "the literate sect in the world" and "Shi Fo". Have a great influence on future generations.

It is precisely because he often looks at everything with the eyes of a Zen master that his poems have a kind of beauty of tranquility, openness and quietness that other poets can't reach. In particular, the dynamic images in his description of nature in A Moment are so pure and quiet and full of Zen, such as: "People are idle with osmanthus fragrance, and the night is quiet and the mountains are empty." When the birds are startled in the moon and the springs are singing. "("birdsong ")" In the autumn rain, there is a shallow pomegranate flow. The jumping waves splashed from themselves, and the egret was shocked. "("Luan Jia Se ") and the famous sentence" There is moonlight in the pine forest and crystal stone in the stream "("Autumn Night in the Deep Mountains ") often purify readers' hearts and give people endless quiet reverie.

2. Meng Haoran

Poets in Tang Dynasty. Xiangyang Xiangzhou (now Xiangfan, Hubei) Xiangyang is known as Meng Xiangyang in the world. In the first half of my life, I mainly stayed at home to study and adapted my own poems. Once lived in seclusion in Lumen Mountain. At the age of 40, you should travel to Beijing and return to Xiangyang. I made friends with Zhang Jiuling and Wang Wei when I was in Chang 'an. There is a poem title. After roaming in wuyue, I was down and out, so as to relieve my frustration in my official career. He died of overeating. Meng Haoran's poems are mostly five-character short stories with limited themes. He writes more about landscapes, pastoral areas, seclusion and travel. Although it is not without cynicism, it is more of a poet's self-expression. He and Wang Wei also said that although his poems were not as broad as Wang's, they had unique artistic attainments, and he was the pioneer of the pastoral poetry school in Tang Dynasty after Tao Yuanming, Xie Lingyun and Xie Tiao. Meng Ke's poems are unpretentious, cordial and true, full of life breath and wonderful and complacent interest. Such as "Autumn Boasts Send Zhang Wu", "Passing the Old Village" and "Spring Dawn", which are light and elegant, integrated and elegant. Meng's poems are based on broad-mindedness and broad-mindedness, but there is also a vigorous and free spirit, such as Dongting Lake Newspaper, Clouds and Clouds, and Yueyang City Trapped, all of which are vigorous and free, overlooking everything. But this kind of poem is rare in Meng's poems. Generally speaking, the content of Meng's poems is thin, and it is inevitable to be embarrassed by the length. Meng Haoran's Popular Collection contains 263 poems, but some of them are the works of others.

"Prepare chicken and rice for me, old friend. You entertain me on your farm. Green Woods surround the village and green hills are located outside the city. Open the window facing the valley vegetable garden and pass the glass to talk about crops. Wait until the mountain is on holiday, and I will come back in chrysanthemum time. " . Green trees, green hills, cottages, nurseries and Sang Ma blend harmoniously. This is a beautiful and quiet rural scenery, emitting a fresh earthy atmosphere. There is a strong atmosphere of life here. Here is "too light to see poetry" (Meng Haoran in Wen Yiduo's works), but there is no lack of artistic beauty and simple life beauty that are deeply integrated into the whole poem. Meng Haoran seems to have found the feeling of conversion here. The poet finally forgot all the setbacks and gains and losses of fame and fortune in his political pursuit, and even completely abandoned his lonely and depressed mood in seclusion. Finally, the mind is relaxed, and even the poet's movements are very flexible, which naturally shows its conquest here.

"In the spring morning, I woke up easily, and birds were singing everywhere. But now I think of that night, that storm, I don't know how many flowers were folded? " These four poems are works in which Meng Haoran's artistic realm and spiritual realm have changed. But now I remember that night, that storm, I wonder how many flowers were broken? Wang Guowei's evaluation of Li Yu's words "implies that Sakyamuni Christ bears human sins", and Meng Haoran's two poems also contain a great and profound feeling. "His feelings resonate with the feelings of all things" and he has a deep sympathy for the universe and life. This poem expresses the highest metaphysical heart and the greatest romantic feelings. This is the most natural poem, and it is heavenly. Meng Haoran is happy. He changed the realm of life from utilitarian realm to heaven and earth realm, and from having me to not having me. Although I suffered hardships during the period, I finally endured it.

(2) Dull

Plain is different from mediocrity and plain. It is the deep feelings and rich thoughts expressed in simple language, full of affection, so it is often dull and thoughtful. As Wang Anshi said, it seems the most bizarre, but in fact it is easy to achieve but difficult.

Tao Yuanming is the first plain poem, and few people can write plain poems. Li Yu's ci is definitely not dull, on the contrary, it has strong emotional power.

(3) Gorgeous

For example, a spring outing in Qiantang Lake: A few early warblers compete for warm trees, whose family is Chun Yan chopping spring mud.