The situation in Auschwitz concentration camp

Auschwitz concentration camp is the largest of more than 1000 concentration camps built by Nazi Germany during World War II. Because millions of people were killed by German fascists here, it is also called the "death factory". The concentration camp is more than 300 kilometers from Warsaw, the capital of Poland. It is the general name of more than 40 concentration camps near Auschwitz in southern Poland. The concentration camp was built by heinrich himmler, the national leader of the Nazi SS, on April 27th 1940.

brief introduction

The Auschwitz Jewish incident took place in the 1940s and was related to fascism. During this period, about 6 million Jews were killed.

In the past five years, the horror atmosphere of Auschwitz concentration camp floated like a ghost over the German-occupied area in World War II. The concentration camp was built in 1940. At the beginning, the concentration camp only held Polish political prisoners. Later, the Nazis concentrated the whole German "prisoners" in the occupied area here, and Jews, Russian prisoners of war and gypsies from all over the world were the first victims. In addition, there are prisoners from the Czech Republic, Yugoslavia, France, Austria and Germany.

1939 After Poland was betrayed, Auschwitz belonged to the sphere of influence of the Third Germany. Since then, the word Auschwitz has been changed to "Auschwitz" by Nazi Germany. 1At the end of 939, local Nazi leaders and police leaders planned to build a concentration camp here. The reason for applying for the construction of concentration camps is to meet the increasing capacity of Polish prisoners in Silesia. Soon, some well-trained German Nazis began to choose sites to build concentration camps, and finally they found an ideal place in Auschwitz. The reason why the concentration camp was built here is mainly because it is a large railway transportation hub, which is convenient for transporting "prisoners".

1940 In April, the order to build a concentration camp was officially approved. The leader of the concentration camp was the notorious Rudolf Hus (Hus was later hanged by the Allies under the gallows specially built for him in the crematorium of the concentration camp).

1On June 4th, 940, 728 Polish prisoners from Talneau were brought here by the Gestapo (the German secret police). They were the first detainees in Auschwitz concentration camp.

At the beginning, there were only 20 buildings in the concentration camp, of which 14 was a one-story building and 6 were two-story buildings. During the period of 194 1- 1942, the Nazis forced prisoners to work, raised all the buildings and built eight other buildings. These houses are the 28 two-story buildings we saw. The number of prisoners held here ranges from13,000 to16,000. It can accommodate up to 20,000 people, which happened in 1942. The prisoners are all locked in these 28 buildings, and when there are many people, they also use the basement and the room on the roof.

The sharp increase in the number of prisoners made the concentration camp expand at the same speed. The Nazis built many concentration camps around Auschwitz, the largest of which was Birkenau, 3 kilometers away from "concentration camp No.1". Built in 194 1. 1942, the "third concentration camp" was built in Monowitz near Auschwitz. After that, 40 concentration camps were built in 1942- 1944 in local smelters, mines and factories, so that Nazi Germany could make good use of these free laborers.

A: gas chamber and corpse burning room B: dead wall (located in building 10- 1 1) C: storage place for hydrocyanic acid poison and prisoners' articles D: prisoners' assembly place E: canteen group G: office building of concentration camp chief and Gestapo H: Nazi management building I: Nazi guard room J: political department K: Nazi guards.

According to Nazi records, many "prisoners" died within months or even days after they came here. Not only the adults are detained here, but also the children can't escape death. The "discipline" in the concentration camp is very strict, so it can be said that prisoners have no power.

A prisoner who knows electricity secretly made an electric heater for local farmers in exchange for a piece of bread and butter when he went out to work. The prisoner was severely punished after being discovered by the Nazis. There is a formidable wall of death in the concentration camp, which is a wall in the yard between buildings 10- 1 1. I don't know how many prisoners who were shot by the Nazis fell under the wall, but now there is a small sign in the yard: "Please keep quiet and don't disturb the peace of the victims". Before the Nazis shoot the prisoners, they should read the verdict to the prisoners in the first room on the left side of the entrance of 1 1, and execute the death penalty immediately after reading the verdict. The room opposite the court is the Nazi guard room, and it is also the only Nazi guard room in the same building as the prisoners. Each building also has a single room with a "prisoner's head" to help the Nazis manage prisoners. They received much better conditions than prisoners, who were put into trial courts after the war. As ordinary prisoners, their living conditions are quite bad. They live in fear every day, and everyone knows that death will come at any time.

After 1942, the Jews who were transported here almost never stopped. They got off the bus and were brought here. They were told that it was a bath disinfection and the room was crowded with people. They were all naked, and after they found out it wasn't a shower, riots began to appear. When the small iron cover on the roof was opened and someone dropped the crystal of hydrocyanic acid from it, people began to rush to the door crazily. However, they can't open the door to German quality. The poison gas worked. Some people began to scratch their hair hard and even blinded their eyes. Many people began to incontinence ... it didn't take long for the door to open.

Yes The prisoners in the concentration camp began to clean up the bodies in the gas chambers and then cremate them. ...

The German local chief executive issued a notice to the Polish people, one of which was about Jews wearing "signs", pointing out the size of the signs, the way to wear them and the punishment after violating the regulations. ...

spill

Prisoners under Nazi Germany were first transported to concentration camps by trucks. After May 1944, the railway will be established directly to the concentration camp. Doctors in concentration camps initially screen prisoners according to basic information such as race, religion, homosexuality and other categories, as well as gender and age. (For example, whether a healthy male adult has professional skills or is likely to be the subject of human experiments). Most Jews, women, children, the elderly or those who are considered worthless will be sent directly to the execution ground or gas chamber for execution.

Immediately after the initial screening, the prisoners were shaved, disinfected, photographed and filed, and the number was tattooed on the prisoners to confirm the number of prisoners (this number reached 400,000). The prisoners' personal luggage and belongings were confiscated and became the war resources of Nazi Germany. After screening, the only property of prisoners is their prison clothes. Finally, they were assigned to different reception buildings according to race and gender, and the prison uniforms were marked with "political prisoners", "ordinary criminals", "immigrants", "homosexuals" and "Jews" to distinguish the identity of prisoners.

During the period of asylum, the daily work content, diet and treatment will be different according to the level. First of all, Germany, followed by Western European workers (Belgium, France, the Netherlands), and then Southeast European workers (Hungary, Romania, Slovenia, Greece, Croatia) who rely on Germany or are allied with Germany. Workers in Czechoslovakia, Poland, the Soviet Union, and Italy (1943 after Italy surrendered) were at the bottom, while Jews were at the bottom. This situation can be seen more clearly in the distribution of bed grids.

labour

The main labor can be divided into four types.

* The purpose of the first kind of labor is to eliminate the physical and mental fatigue of prisoners. For example, the work of laying railways or highways, quarries and "punishment units" all belong to this category. In some cases, dig a hole at random in the morning and fill the same hole in the afternoon. A meaningless job like this.

* The second is to have specialized skills or knowledge (such as plumbers, doctors, pharmacists, etc.). ), the means of production needed in the war process and the necessary weapons of war, such as the labor required for the maintenance of facilities. Strengthening the management of workers in various facilities and factories is slightly better than punishing units.

* Third, it deals with bodies poisoned by gas chambers and people who will die of diseases, such as malnutrition and burning bodies. The treatment is better than the first two.

* The fourth category is the German criminals who went to the concentration camp first, then entered the concentration camp, and were selected from the highest-ranking people in Germany as factory foreman or concentration camp guards (Kapo). Although they participated in the atrocities against prisoners, only a few people were tried.

Means of mutilation

German fascists set up special wards and laboratories in concentration camps to conduct "medical experiments" with living people, and also built four poisonous gas "bathrooms" for mass killings, as well as a corpse storage cellar and a cremation furnace. 1944, about 6000 bodies were burned here every day. Cruel fascists even knocked out the victim's gold teeth before burning the body, peeled off the tattoo artist's skin to make a lampshade, and cut off the woman's long hair to weave a carpet.