What is the specific difference between a helicopter and an ordinary plane?

1. The flight principle and structure of helicopters are different from those of airplanes. An airplane generates lift through a fixed wing, while a helicopter generates lift through the rotation of a head propeller.

2. The structure of helicopter is different from that of airplane. It is mainly composed of rotor, fuselage, engine, landing gear and control mechanism.

3. The tail of the single-rotor helicopter is also equipped with a tail wing, which is mainly used to resist torsion and balance the reaction moment generated by the single rotor and control the helicopter's turn.

4. The most conspicuous part of the helicopter is the long and narrow broadsword rotor, which generally consists of 2 ~ 5 blades and is driven by 1 ~ 2 engine. Its main function is to exert a great downward force on the atmosphere through high-speed rotation, and then use the reaction force of the atmosphere to make the plane hang smoothly in the air.

Extended data:

Advantages and disadvantages of helicopters;

Advantages:

The outstanding feature of the helicopter is that it can do low-altitude, low-speed and nose-to-nose maneuvers, especially vertical take-off and landing in a small area. Because of these characteristics, it has broad uses and development prospects. In the military field, it has been widely used in ground attack, aircraft take-off and landing, weapons delivery, logistics support, battlefield rescue, reconnaissance patrol, command and control, communication, anti-submarine mine clearance, electronic countermeasures and so on.

Used for short-distance transportation, medical rescue, disaster relief and lifesaving, emergency rescue, lifting equipment, geological exploration, forest protection and fire fighting, aerial photography, etc. The transportation of people and materials between offshore oil wells and bases is an important aspect of civil use.

Shortcomings and improvements:

At present, compared with fixed-wing aircraft, helicopters have greater vibration and noise, greater maintenance workload, higher use cost, lower speed and shorter range. The future development direction of helicopters is to improve these aspects.

Flight principle:

Single rotor type

The helicopter engine drives the rotor to provide lift and lift the helicopter into the air. The main engine of a single-rotor helicopter also outputs power to the small propeller at the tail. Airborne gyroscope can detect the rotation angle of helicopter and feed it back to the tail rotor. By adjusting the pitch of the small propeller, the reaction force generated by the large propeller at different speeds can be offset.

Twin-rotor helicopters usually use the relative rotation of the rotor to offset the unbalanced lift generated by the rotor.

Double rotor type

There are two kinds of twin-rotor helicopters, one is * * * axis twin-rotor, that is, the two rotors are coaxial; The other is split-axis double rotor, that is, the two rotors are far apart and each has its own axis. According to the relative position of the two rotor shafts, the twin-rotor helicopter can also be divided into tandem twin-rotor helicopter, transverse twin-rotor helicopter and transverse cross twin-rotor helicopter.

The blade angle of helicopter rotor can be changed by a mechanism called "tilting disk", so as to realize the periodic pitch change of the rotor, thus changing the lift at different positions of the rotor rotation plane to change the flight attitude of the helicopter, and then changing the lift direction to change the flight direction.

At the same time, the engine keeps a relatively stable speed after the helicopter takes off, and different total lift can be obtained by adjusting the total pitch of the rotor, so that the helicopter can take off and land vertically.

References:

Baidu encyclopedia-helicopter