12-year-old girl has her period, and her height is only 143. Will she grow taller in the sixth grade? How tall can she grow?

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abstract

Menstruation refers to regular vaginal bleeding once a month. When women enter puberty, the ovaries gradually mature and begin to secrete female hormones, and the endometrium changes accordingly to produce menstruation. The first menstruation of girls is generally around 12 years old, and the first menstrual cramp is called menarche. Normal women's menstruation, the average menstrual cycle is 28 days, the menstrual duration is generally 3-5 days, and the menstrual flow during menstruation is 20- 120 ml, mostly around 50 ml. Most people have no discomfort during menstruation. Some people will have abdominal distension and pain, backache, breast fullness, emotional anxiety and other symptoms before or during menstruation.

Basic introduction of menstruation

Schematic diagram of menstrual cycle

Menstrual cycle, also known as menstrual cycle, is a physiological cycle that occurs between some fertile female humans and other animals. Other mammals go through estrus. Menstruation is also called monthly events, monthly water, monthly letters and official holidays. It is called menstruation because most people have 1 time a month. It is a specified period and periodic uterine bleeding.

Strictly speaking, with this bleeding, there should be follicular maturation, ovulation and corpus luteum formation in the ovary, and the endometrium has changed from hyperplasia to secretion. However, the phenomenon of uterine bleeding without ovulation often occurs in clinic, which is called anovulatory menstruation. The average age of menarche in modern women is 12 years old; The menopausal age ranged from 39 to 56 years old, with an average of 49 years old. The average menstrual cycle (from the first day of this menstrual cycle to the first day of the next menstrual cycle) is 28 days, and it is normal to advance one week. Bleeding lasts for 3 ~ 7 days, and the menstrual flow is about 50 ~ 60 ml each time.

Causes of menstruation

menses

Female internal reproductive organs are composed of ovaries, uterus and fallopian tubes. The main function of the ovary is to produce eggs and synthesize ovarian hormones, while the uterus and fallopian tubes are reproductive organs. There are hundreds of thousands of follicles in the ovary, and each follicle contains 1 egg.

Prepubertal follicles basically have no function. In adolescence, under the action of gonadotropin in the anterior pituitary gland, immature follicles gradually develop and estrogen is synthesized. When the follicle matures and ovulates, the egg wall collapses and the cells become larger and yellow, which is called corpus luteum. It not only synthesizes estrogen, but also produces progesterone. With the change of ovary, the endometrium also changes periodically. Estrogen makes endometrium thicken, endometrial cells increase and enlarge, and fallopian tubes become more tortuous and spiral, which is called proliferative endometrium. After ovulation, due to the joint action of estrogen and progesterone, endometrial edema, glands produce a lot of mucus and glycogen. The thickness of endometrium increases from 1 mm to 6 mm, which is called secretory endometrium. If the ovum discharged at this time is fertilized, the fertilized egg is transported to the uterus through the fallopian tube for development, which is called pregnancy. The pregnant tissue synthesizes chorionic gonadotropin to support the continuous development of ovarian corpus luteum. If the egg is not fertilized, the corpus luteum will shrink about 14 days after ovulation and stop secreting estrogen and progesterone. At this time, the blood vessels in the endometrium contract, and the endometrium is necrotic and falls off, causing bleeding and forming menstruation. So the length of menstrual cycle depends on the length of ovarian cycle.

Menstrual benefits

menses

1, the first signal for a woman to judge whether she is pregnant.

Married women of childbearing age should first consider whether they are pregnant if they have regular menstruation in the past and have menstruation for more than ten days in the future. After determining pregnancy, those who are not ready to give birth should take remedial measures as soon as possible; If you want to have children, you should pay more attention to nutrition and avoid contact with cigarettes, alcohol, pesticides, harmful chemicals and radiation. And avoid taking drugs that can cause fetal malformation. According to menstruation, the expected date of delivery can also be calculated, which is very beneficial to pregnancy health care and pregnancy psychology.

2. It can make people find diseases early.

Female students 18 years old still have no menstrual cramps, or women have normal menstruation in the past and have stopped menstruating for more than three months (excluding those caused by pregnancy, lactation and menopause). It is necessary to check whether they have lower genital atresia, congenital absence of uterus or uterine dysplasia, ovarian tumor, pituitary adenoma or hypofunction, endocrine or wasting diseases. In addition, the change of menstrual time, amount and accompanying symptoms is also an important clue to discover and diagnose many diseases.

3, the damage of excessive iron can be avoided.

There is a hereditary disease called hemochromatosis, which is easy to cause iron metabolism disorder in patients and accumulate too much iron in the body; Excessive iron will gradually cause damage to skin, heart, liver, joints and islets. One of the ways to treat iron excess is to regularly discharge a certain amount of blood. The chance that hemochromatosis causes organic damage to women is much less than that of men, or even hardly occurs. The role of menstruation-periodic blood loss just consumes excessive iron.

4, can promote hematopoietic function.

Menstruation causes frequent blood loss and hematopoiesis, which gives women a kind of "exercise" that men do not have. It makes women more able to bear the blow of accidental blood loss than men, and can quickly create new blood to make up for the lost blood. Practice has proved that men and women with the same weight and health status will die if the proportion of accidental blood loss is the same, while women have the possibility of successful rescue and final recovery.

Precautions during menstruation

Precautions before menstruation

1, before menstruation, some people will have edema of the lower abdomen or lower limbs. At this time, you can eat more red beans and barley soup, because red beans are rich in iron and have diuretic effect, while barley is conducive to dampness.

2, if it is easy to have lower abdominal swelling, it is best to limit the intake of salt.

3, some women will greatly increase their appetite before menstruation, usually this is caused by the role of hormones, without excessive restraint, eating vitamin E can be slightly improved.

4, vitamin B group can be supplemented, especially vitamin B6, magnesium and zinc can alleviate the discomfort before and during menstruation.

5, in addition, it is best not to lose weight before menstruation, because deliberately suppressing appetite is easy to cause low mood, anxiety and other emotions.

Precautions during menstruation

1, not suitable for sexual life: menstrual period, endometrial shedding, surface formation of wounds. If you have sex, it is easy to introduce bacteria and make them retrograde into the uterine cavity, causing intrauterine infection.

2, not suitable for eating too salty food: too salty food will increase the salt and water storage in the body. Symptoms such as headache, emotional excitement and getting angry easily appear before menstruation.

3, not suitable for drinking strong tea, coffee: this kind of beverage has high caffeine content, which is easy to stimulate nerves and cardiovascular, leading to menstrual pain, prolonged menstrual period and excessive menstrual blood.

4, should not eat cold fruits and vegetables and cold drinks: cold food will reduce the speed of blood circulation, and then affect the contraction of the uterus and the discharge of menstrual blood, resulting in adverse menstrual blood discharge, causing menstrual pain.

5. It is not suitable for sitz bath or basin bath: the cervix is slightly open during menstrual period, and sitz bath and basin bath are easy to make sewage enter the uterine cavity and cause inflammation.

6, should not wear tights: tights with small hip circumference will cause pressure on local microvessels, thus affecting blood circulation and causing pudendal congestion and edema.

7, do not sing loudly: during menstruation, respiratory mucosa and vocal cords are congested, singing or talking loudly, vocal cord muscles are easy to fatigue, leading to hoarseness.

8. Don't beat your back too much: Although it is easy to cause back pain during menstruation, don't beat yourself at will, which will further congestion the pelvic cavity and cause menorrhagia or too long menstruation.

Menstrual nursing

During menstrual period, the endometrium falls off and bleeds, forming wounds, pelvic congestion, and the neurohumors of the whole body have changed significantly. At this time, the human body's resistance is reduced, the acidic environment of vagina is destroyed, the cervix is slightly open and vulnerable to germs, the defense function of reproductive organs is weakened, and the chance of infection is obviously increased. Therefore, it is very important for every adolescent girl to do menstrual hygiene well.

1, keep the vulva clean.

The appearance of female external genitalia is complicated, with many wrinkles and dirt easy to accumulate, so it is extremely important to maintain the hygiene of external genitalia. Wash and change underwear frequently at ordinary times, and form the habit of cleaning vulva every day. The washbasin and towel for bathing should be separated from the footbath and towel, and used by special personnel to avoid mutual infection. Better take a bath. Soft, absorbent and disinfected sanitary napkins should be used during menstruation.

2. Avoid getting wet and catching cold.

Pay attention to keep warm during menstruation and avoid wet and cold. Menstrual period often feels uncomfortable, such as backache, abdominal distension and general weakness. While your body's resistance drops, you are prone to some diseases. You should pay attention to avoid getting wet or catching cold, such as rain, dripping, taking a cold bath, swimming, and working outdoors in cold weather for a long time. Too cold stimulation can cause menstrual disorder, and often being in a humid and cold environment can cause menorrhagia, prolonged menstruation, or induce other diseases.

3. Avoid strenuous exercise and overwork.

During menstruation, you can take part in study and work as usual, and you can also take part in appropriate physical exercise. You can do some light physical labor, walking and other appropriate activities, but you should avoid strenuous exercise and heavy physical labor, don't overwork, avoid increasing abdominal pressure and vibrating pelvic cavity, and reduce bleeding.

4. Maintain a normal lifestyle.

First of all, be cheerful and optimistic, and avoid anxiety, sadness, pain and unnecessary mental burden. There are a few people who are emotionally unstable, agitated and prone to losing their temper during menstruation. Pay attention to restraint. Secondly, we should have enough rest and sleep time, pay attention to increasing nutritious diet, and do not eat cold and sour food, which is not suitable for smoking and drinking. To drink more boiled water, you must eat more vegetables and fruits to keep the urine and urine unobstructed. If you encounter abnormal menstruation, you should find a hospital for examination and symptomatic treatment in time. Don't take medicine and injections at will, so as not to delay the diagnosis and increase the difficulty of future treatment.

5, menstrual period can not be the same room.

Menstruation is a unique physiological phenomenon of women. During menstruation, there will be some changes in various parts of the body, the most prominent of which is: the excitability of the cerebral cortex is reduced, and the general resistance is worse than usual. In pudendal region, endometrial shedding and bleeding, cervical opening, alkaline menstrual blood neutralization and vaginal acid environment, vaginal acid decreased, weakening the natural barrier function. If you have sex during menstruation, there will be some bad consequences.

There is a blood clot in menstrual blood

cause

Under normal circumstances, menstruation is bright red and there is no purple-black blood clot. Once menstruation with blood clots occurs, it is often accompanied by dysmenorrhea. Dysmenorrhea often leads to mental stress and emotional instability. Women who have blood clots during menstruation, Chinese medicine believes that most of them are related to blood stasis, and often have symptoms of qi stagnation and blood stasis, such as rough face, dullness and acne. Individual patients have pigmentation on their faces, which directly affects their facial beauty.

How to recuperate

1. Generally, it can be treated with traditional Chinese medicine. According to the symptoms and signs, the methods of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, regulating qi and dredging collaterals are effective. Such as safflower, peach kernel, mint, motherwort, herba Lycopi and radix Paeoniae Rubra, have good effect on improving symptom and signs. However, this should be done under the guidance of a doctor. People with menstrual lumps should pay attention to menstrual protection, keep warm in winter to prevent catching cold, don't eat cold food, don't be too tired, keep a happy mood and combine work and rest. For patients with facial pigmentation, menstruation can be cured by internal treatment of exogenous diseases.

2, diet improvement and conditioning: use high-protein and low-fat drinks, take more vitamins C and E, smooth pelvic blood circulation, relieve the pain caused by congestion, supplement rich calcium and magnesium, and relax muscles. Adverse food-3 days before the arrival of ——MC, the food at the end of menstruation should be mainly warm. Eat less barbecue, fried, spicy or pickled products, and avoid eating watermelon, pear, coconut and grapefruit, so as not to affect blood vessel contraction. Cut Chinese cabbage, bitter gourd and white radish and heat them before eating.

Menstrual blackening

cause

1, kidney deficiency: female menstrual cycle is uncertain and few, light red or dark red in color and thin in quality. There are soreness in the waist and knees, heel pain, dizziness and tinnitus, or abdominal cold, or nocturia. The tongue is pale and the pulse may be weak or late. Treatment should be based on tonifying kidney and regulating menstruation.

2, qi stagnation and blood stasis: women's menstruation has been uncertain, the amount of menstruation is sometimes more or less, the color is purple, there is a lump, and menstruation is irregular. Or abdominal pain, chest pain, abdominal pain, breast distension, epigastric discomfort, dark purple tongue or petechiae, thin white or yellow fur, thin or astringent pulse. Treatment should be based on promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, regulating qi and relieving pain.

3, qi and blood deficiency: women's menstrual cycle is advanced or postponed, and menstrual flow may increase or decrease. The menstrual period is long, pale and emaciated. Or abdominal pain, or dizziness, mental fatigue, limb weakness, pale or sallow complexion, thin stool. Red tongue and weak pulse. The treatment of this situation should be both qi and blood.

dysmenorrhea

cause

pressure

If women of childbearing age are under pressure for a long time, it will inhibit the function of pituitary gland, make the ovaries stop secreting female hormones and ovulating, and menstruation will begin to be disordered. Similarly, long-term depression, sulking or bad mood can also affect menstruation.

Tips

1. Relieve mental stress and do some whole-body exercises, such as swimming and running, once or twice a week for 30 minutes each time.

2. Eat more decompression dishes, such as bananas, cabbage, potatoes, shrimp, chocolate, ham, corn, tomatoes and so on.

3. Keep the vulva clean during menstrual disorder to avoid bacterial infection.

catch cold

When women suffer from cold during menstruation, the blood vessels in the pelvic cavity will contract, leading to ovarian dysfunction, which will lead to too little menstrual flow and even amenorrhea.

Tips

1, avoid cold and humidity during menstruation, avoid getting wet, wading, swimming, drinking cold drinks, etc. In particular, prevent the lower body from catching cold and keep warm.

2. Add green onions, beans, pumpkins, garlic, ginger, chestnuts, oranges and other foods to the recipe; In addition, vinegar, sauce, vegetable oil, pepper, pepper and other seasonings, as well as stewed beef, chicken soup, etc., all have a certain effect on irregular menstruation caused by this situation.

electromagnetic wave

Various household appliances and electronic equipment will produce different electromagnetic waves during use. These electromagnetic waves will have adverse effects on women's endocrine and reproductive functions for a long time, leading to endocrine disorders and menstrual disorders.

Tips

1, daily operation of the computer, do a good job of protection.

2. It is a safer choice to install hands-free speaker on the mobile phone. Of course, it is best not to use the mobile phone for a long time.

3. Use the microwave oven less, and don't put the refrigerator in the bedroom. Pay attention to the scientific use of electrical appliances, try to avoid using multiple electrical appliances at the same time, and the continuous use time should not be too long and the frequency should not be too high.

4. Eating carrots, bean sprouts, tomatoes, lean meat, animal livers and other foods rich in vitamins A, C and protein, and drinking some green tea often can effectively prevent and reduce the harm of electromagnetic pollution to human body.

constipation

Constipation may lead to menstrual disorders in women. When the stool in the rectum is too full, the cervix will be pushed forward and the uterus will lean backward. If uterine retroversion occurs repeatedly for a long time, the veins in the broad ligament will be blocked by compression, and the uterine wall will be congested and lose elasticity. If the uterus is in the posterior position for a long time, there will be low back pain and menstrual disorder.

Tips

1, sweet prescription: take one spoonful of sesame oil and one spoonful of honey, and take it after stirring, which can moisten the stomach and promote gastrointestinal peristalsis.

2. Drinking one or two bowls of hot soup on an empty stomach every morning has a significant effect on constipation.

Eucommia ulmoides tea is a good drink for constipation, which can relieve constipation and reduce fat. Drinking lemon juice every morning and evening or after meals can improve gastrointestinal digestion, lose weight and soften stools.

4. Walnuts, yogurt and dried prunes are all laxative snacks; Eating less coffee and more bananas can also promote defecation, but excessive consumption will be self-defeating.

drug abuse

Abuse or frequent use of antibiotics can cause menstrual disorder, anovulation and amenorrhea in women, which may be due to drug inhibition and injury to people's own resistance, resulting in dysfunction of the body.

Tips

1, good autoimmunity will help you resist minor illnesses.

2. Don't "upgrade" antibiotics casually. Once the high-level antibiotics are used, the low-level antibiotics will not work, because bacteria have developed resistance to them. Therefore, it is necessary to ask the doctor about the medication and be cautious about "upgrading".

dysmenorrhoea

disco

Noise can lead to female dysfunction, which has a negative impact on menstruation and fertility.

Tips

Try to choose a quiet place to meet and reduce contact noise.

smoke

Nicotine in tobacco will reduce the secretion of sex hormones, thus interfering with physiological processes related to menstruation and causing irregular menstruation. Women who smoke more than 1 pack a day are three times more likely to have irregular menstruation than non-smoking women.

Tips

1, get rid of bad habits and quit smoking decisively.

2, the right amount of vitamin C. Vitamin C can reduce the harm of smoking to the body. You can take some pills, or eat more oranges, oranges, kiwis and other fruits.

harm

1, the condition is getting worse

Long-term irregular menstruation will lead to the deterioration of the condition and cause some gynecological diseases. Among them, the most common are uterine fibroids and ovarian cysts. Irregular menstruation will lead to the deterioration of the condition if it is not treated in time.

2. Hemorrhagic anemia

Irregular menstruation can also lead to hemorrhagic anemia. Because of long-term menorrhagia, or irregular menstrual bleeding, hemorrhagic anemia, dizziness, fatigue, palpitation, shortness of breath and other phenomena, serious cases, will endanger life.

3, affect physical and mental health

Irregular menstruation also has a great influence on physical and mental health. For example, abnormal phenomena such as obvious skin spots, dull, slack, coarse pores and rough skin are not conducive to women's metabolism and detoxification, and they are prone to aging, resulting in infertility.

4, lead to infertility

Long-term irregular menstruation, not treated early, will lead to infertility. Irregular menstruation is often caused by gynecological diseases, which will lead to infertility if not treated in time.

Calculation method of menstrual cycle

Prediction of menarche

1, weight and height measurement: girls 18 years old, height and weight are measured every six months. If the measurement finds a sudden increase in height and weight, it indicates that the girl may have menstrual cramps in the next six months.

2. Observe the breast condition: If you find that the breast begins to develop, swelling and areola appear, and there is induration to the touch, then menarche will appear two years later.

3. See if there is leucorrhea: If a transparent, colorless, tasteless and slightly viscous liquid similar to egg white flows from the girl's vagina, it means that menarche will come in 2-3 years.

The bleeding 1 day is the beginning of menstrual cycle, and the interval between two menses 1 day is called menstrual cycle, so the calculation of menstrual cycle should include the time of menstrual cramps. Some women only calculate the time when menstruation is clean, so they may think that the menstrual cycle is shortened. Clinically, some women often complain that menstruation is abnormal, and they menstruate twice a month. In fact, it is normal to have 1 waves at the beginning and end of the month. The normal menstrual cycle is 28 ~ 35 days, and the length of the cycle can vary from person to person. 7 ~ 10 days before or after the mistake can be regarded as a normal range, and as long as it can maintain a certain regularity, it can not be regarded as irregular menstruation.

The last menstruation refers to the last menstruation from the date of seeing a doctor, and should be counted from 1 day of bleeding. However, it should be noted that the last menstruation refers to the same duration and amount of menstruation as usual. Do not mistake abnormal vaginal bleeding for menstruation. This kind of bleeding is generally less than menstruation, shorter or longer, or the regularity of menstrual cramps is lost.

Menstrual delay

Being a woman always has a few days every month. When menstruation comes, you will be irritable, and if you don't come, you will be more irritable and depressed. There are many reasons for delayed menstruation, and there are many other factors to rule out the possibility of pregnancy. What are the reasons for delayed menstruation?

First, the role of drugs: drugs are used to treat diseases. I don't know that some drugs will affect women's menstruation. For example, some central depressants and hormone drugs may delay menstruation, so it is necessary to pay attention to stopping taking drugs properly.

Second, long-term acceptance of harmful rays and chemotherapy drugs: If long-term acceptance of harmful rays and chemotherapy drugs easily leads to premature ovarian failure and delayed menstruation, women must pay attention to protecting the ovaries.

Third, malnutrition: women's overwork, mental stress and depression may all cause endocrine disorders, leading to irregular menstruation, and malnutrition is the root cause of these bad emotions.

4. Polycystic ovary syndrome: This disease is a common endocrine disease in women. It is characterized by severe amenorrhea in late menstruation, often accompanied by obesity, infertility, hirsutism and other symptoms. It is necessary to go to the hospital for a detailed examination.

Abnormal menstruation

amenorrhoea

dysmenorrhoea

Follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone secreted by pituitary gland, estrogen such as estradiol, estrone and estriol secreted by ovary are all important substances to manipulate menstrual cycle. If the monthly menstruation can't come on time (commonly known as "dry blood consumption", medically called amenorrhea), it will not only involve the development of uterus, but also affect the function of pituitary and ovary. In addition, the following diseases may also induce amenorrhea:

1. Pituitary diseases, such as pituitary dysfunction and pituitary adenoma;

2. Ovarian diseases, such as ovarian cysts, ovarian tumors and ovarian dysplasia. ;

3. Endocrine diseases, such as hyperthyroidism; Hyperthyroidism and so on.

4. Chronic diseases, such as anemia, tuberculosis, tumor, liver cirrhosis, nephritis, diabetes, etc.

5. Other factors, such as mental stimulation, tension, anxiety, climate change, etc. All patients with amenorrhea caused by diseases will have menstrual cramps after being cured. Patients with amenorrhea caused by mental factors will sometimes have menstrual cramps if they can comfort themselves mentally, but those with amenorrhea caused by ovarian dysplasia are more difficult to deal with.

hypomenorrhea

1, the influence of gynecological diseases

Women suffer from some gynecological diseases, which will reduce the amount of menstruation. Such as polycystic ovary syndrome, ovarian cyst and other diseases, have a certain impact on menstruation. Pay attention. Avoid infertility. Due to diseases such as low endocrine function, tumor, uterine hypoplasia, too little menstrual flow or even amenorrhea, the infertility rate will increase greatly.

2. Ovarian function is inhibited.

Such as ovarian dysplasia, mental factors, and systemic diseases, including long-term use of hormonal contraceptives, will affect the normal function of the ovary, leading to a decrease or insufficient level of hormone secretion by the ovary, resulting in insufficient endometrial hyperplasia, which will lead to endometrial thinning. Then when it falls off, the amount of bleeding is less, which will naturally lead to less menstrual flow.

3. The repair and regeneration of endometrium are affected.

Women have repeated abortions or rough curettage. Because of mechanical injury, the female endometrium can not be repaired and regenerated, which will lead to less menstrual flow and even amenorrhea. This is also a common factor for women with less menstruation.

postponement of menstruation

The menstrual cycle of women is generally 28 ~ 30 days. It is within the normal range to advance or postpone for about 7 days, and the cycle length varies from person to person. But if you haven't menstruated for more than 7 days, it is delayed menstruation. There are two main reasons for delayed menstruation. The first is pregnancy, and the second is irregular menstruation.

Periodic relationship between menstruation and the moon

Many traditional data think that the menstrual cycle is similar to the moon cycle. The data show that women's menstruation comes at the new moon and ovulates at the full moon. Although there is no scientific basis, perhaps the problem is that the moon is not the only light source for urban women at night. There are indications that women who work at night and women who live in strong light at night are most prone to irregular menstruation. The above example shows that rhyme has an effect on physiological hormones (including menstruation).

The origin of the word menstruation is also closely related to the moon. China's Huangdi Neijing first called it "the third day of the month". Li Shizhen mentioned in Compendium of Materia Medica that women "should have a moon on their blood and a tide on their blood." . There are gains and losses in the month, and there are tides in the morning and evening, and the monthly events coincide with them, so it is called monthly water, monthly letter and menstruation. People passing by are always waiting. "Modern medical research has proved that the normal menstrual cycle is about 28 days, but in fact it really takes 27.32 days for the moon to go around the earth. The interval between two new moons, namely the lunar month, is 29.53 days. After investigating the menstrual cycle of tens of thousands of women, German gynecologists found that when women have menstrual cramps on the full moon night, the amount of bleeding may increase exponentially, while when they have menstrual cramps on the night of the moon loss, the amount of bleeding is relatively small.

Other scholars have found through investigation that the monthly cycle is out of sync with the menstrual cycle of other animals except humans, thus revealing that this is a coincidence.

Menstruation and Cultural Studies

Mitchism

Some Mithrists believe that menstruation and the disappearance of the moon are combined.

In the spirit of luna belief or astrology, some people call menstruation "moon time". Some ancient views regarded menstruation as the purification of the body (similar to the so-called bloodletting).

religion

Some religions regard menstrual women as "unclean". The Islamic world believes that women are not suitable for sexual intercourse during menstruation.

Traditional folk beliefs in China also believe that women should not go to temples during menstruation, otherwise it would be disrespectful to the gods. In addition, it is believed that women's sexual intercourse with men during menstruation will be unfavorable to men, which is called "bumping into red".

anthropology

Menstruation, a cultural phenomenon, has always been the focus of anthropological research. Traditional ethnographic research shows that many different nationalities hold very similar phenomena to menstrual blood and menstrual women.

The traditional view of anthropology holds that all human groups obviously have symbolic concepts of "menstrual taboo" and "thinking menstruation is a kind of filth", and these two phenomena are so common and obvious because men have advantages that are generally recognized by all ethnic groups than women, and they are unreasonable for no reason from primitive ethnic groups.

However, with the recent focus of anthropological research gradually shifting to women's lives, different voices have begun to appear in this kind of research. The new data show that the so-called definite obvious phenomena are actually quite vague, and these phenomena have quite diverse manifestations among ethnic groups and even within the same ethnic group. The so-called universal phenomenon may actually vary from culture to culture.

On the other hand, in addition to cultural factors, anthropology has gradually begun to attach importance to biological research and to consider the possibility that menstrual cultural phenomena are based on human physiological characteristics (such as reproductive capacity). ).

Drugs not suitable for menstruation

Sex hormone drugs

The synthesis and metabolic balance of sex hormones in women are closely related to menstrual cycle. Therefore, it is not appropriate to use sex hormones during menstruation to avoid menstrual disorders. For example, androgen can cause menstrual decrease, menopause, irregular cycle and so on. And progesterone (progesterone) can cause breast pain or irregular vaginal bleeding.

Local vaginal medicine for gynecological infection

Lotions, suppositories and effervescent tablets for treating vaginal inflammation should be stopped. Because during menstruation, the uterine mucosa is congested, the cervix is slack, and there is blood in the vagina, which is very suitable for the growth and reproduction of bacteria. If the vagina is used locally at this time, a little carelessness will lead to bacteria retrograde invasion of uterine cavity and endometrium.

anticoagulant

Anticoagulants can cause menorrhagia and even massive bleeding, and should be avoided during menstruation, such as coumarin, heparin and thrombolytic agents.

obesity drug

Most diet pills contain ingredients that suppress appetite. If used during menstruation, it may lead to menstrual disorder, polyuria or dysuria, palpitation and anxiety, and even amenorrhea.

Drugs for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis

These drugs not only have anticoagulant and antithrombotic effects, but also can dilate blood vessels and accelerate blood flow, thus causing menorrhagia.

laxative

Laxatives such as magnesium sulfate and sodium sulfate have obvious catharsis effect and can cause reflective pelvic congestion, so menstruation should be banned; Other gastrointestinal motility drugs should also be used with caution or have contraindications.

Thyroxine preparation

Thyroxine preparations may cause menstrual disorder and should be banned during menstruation.

hemostatic

Hemostatic drugs, such as Anluoxue and vitamin K, can reduce capillary permeability and promote capillary contraction, which will cause menstrual bleeding after use. In addition, Chinese medicines or proprietary Chinese medicines with strong hemostatic effect should be used with caution.

Four Danger Signals of Menstrual Period for Menstrual Women

1, painkillers cannot relieve severe pain. Dysmenorrhea suddenly becomes severe and difficult to relieve, which is usually a dangerous signal of endometriosis, that is, part of the endometrium falls out of the uterus. In addition, if you have severe pain during sexual life or bending over, it is also caused by this symptom.

2. The menstrual flow has increased sharply. This situation may mean that you have uterine fibroids, which are usually harmless to the human body, but the increase in menstrual flow caused by them will lead to anemia, and this tumor may also cause blood vessels in the uterus to block or turn into malignant tumors.

3, massive bleeding with severe pain. The simultaneous appearance of these two symptoms may indicate that you have pelvic inflammatory disease, which is a reproductive system infection usually caused by chlamydia bacteria. Another symptom of pelvic inflammatory disease is bleeding after sexual intercourse. If not treated in time, pelvic inflammatory disease can easily cause infertility.

4. Sudden and severe pelvic pain. Rupture of ovarian cyst may cause severe lower abdominal pain. The severe pain caused by this rupture usually starts from one side of the lower abdomen and quickly spreads to the whole abdomen. This kind of pain is not a feeling at all compared with dysmenorrhea.