[Green manufacturing technology paper] Green manufacturing paper 5000 words

Green manufacturing technology is a science and technology that integrates green design, green technology, green packaging and green production under the guidance of green concept. The following is my paper on green manufacturing technology. Interested parents can have a look!

Paper on Green Manufacturing Technology ——PCBN Tools and Green Manufacturing Technology

Polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) is a new tool material with hardness second only to that of diamond. Its physical and chemical properties and excellent dry cutting characteristics make it suitable for cutting not only nonferrous metals and their alloys, but also ferrous metals and their alloys. Under certain conditions, it meets the requirements of green manufacturing technology and has a very broad development prospect.

PCBN cutter; Green manufacturing; Cutting fluid; Dry cutting; Red hardness

Green manufacturing is a modern manufacturing mode and the embodiment of human sustainable development strategy in modern manufacturing industry. Green manufacturing, also known as environment-conscious manufacturing and environment-oriented manufacturing. It is a modern manufacturing mode that comprehensively considers environmental impact and resource benefit. Its goal is to minimize the environmental impact (negative effects), maximize the utilization rate of resources, and coordinate and optimize the economic and social benefits of enterprises in the whole product life cycle from design, manufacturing, packaging, transportation, use to scrapping.

Protecting the earth's environment is the most important thing in 2 1 century. In the field of machining, the research and development of some environmental protection measures and their achievements have been widely used. At present, the research of green cutting technology and application technology, such as dry cutting technology, semi-dry cutting technology, micro-lubrication cutting and low-temperature micro-lubrication cutting, is accelerating.

1 influence of cutting fluid on green manufacturing technology

In terms of energy saving, cutting fluid consumes more than 60% of the total power, cutting fluid accounts for 15% of the production cost, and tool cost only accounts for 3% ~ 4%. Therefore, dry cutting and semi-dry cutting technology are practical and effective for saving energy.

In terms of waste reduction, it is mainly to reduce the amount of waste liquid of cutting fluid. At present, most of the research work is devoted to the development and application of technologies such as long-term effect and repeated recycling of cutting fluid. In the aspect of long-life cutting fluid, the synthesis of cutting fluid is one of the development projects, and the synthetic cutting fluid is based on chemical synthetic oil, and its affinity with water requires us to treat the generated wastewater. The transportation, recovery, filtration and maintenance costs of cutting fluid are high, which increases the production cost. Cutting fluid will also wash away the lubricating fluid in the sliding part, and the leakage and overflow of cutting fluid will pollute the environment, easily lead to safety and quality accidents, and have adverse effects on the electrical system. Chlorine compounds contained in high-load cutting fluid, as additives for high-pressure lubricating oil, will produce highly toxic substances during high-temperature cutting and waste oil combustion treatment, which will affect the quality of machined surfaces, and have been gradually abolished. As an important part of cleaner production, the study of green cutting shows that the organic combination of dry cutting and high-speed cutting will be an ideal green cutting with high efficiency, low consumption, high quality, little environmental pollution and good comprehensive benefits, and it will be the mainstream of mechanical cutting in the future.

Dry cutting is green cutting.

The function of dry cutting in machining is to find a way to replace cooling and lubrication. At present, there are two successful dry cutting methods: high-speed dry cutting and low-temperature cold air cutting.

2. 1 high speed dry cutting method. The machining method is to use high cutting speed for cutting, without cooling and lubricant. Suitable cutting conditions must be selected for dry cutting. Firstly, high cutting speed is used to shorten the contact time between the tool and the workpiece as much as possible, and then compressed air or other similar methods are used to remove chips and control the temperature of the working area. With the wide application of numerical control technology, the rigidity and dynamic performance of machine tools are constantly improved, so it is not difficult to improve the cutting speed of machine tools. Practice has proved that when the cutting parameters are set correctly, 80% of the heat generated by cutting can be taken away by chips.

2.2 Advantages of high-speed dry cutting method. Dry cutting technology has been widely used in western industrialized countries. Recommended by Mu Ye Company? Red moon? Red crescent dry cutting technology can not only give full play to the cutting performance of tools, but also greatly improve the productivity compared with wet cutting. Its mechanism is actually metal softening effect: due to the high cutting speed, the heat generated is concentrated in front of the tool, which makes the materials near the cutting area reach a red-hot state and reduces the yield strength, thus improving the cutting efficiency.

The high-speed dry cutting method has the following advantages: firstly, the machine tool is compact in structure because the oil chip separation process is omitted and there is no cooling lubricating oil tank, oil chip separation device and corresponding electrical equipment. Secondly, this method greatly improves the processing environment; The processing cost is also greatly reduced. It provides a guarantee for further prolonging tool life and improving workpiece quality.

2.3 Requirements of high-speed dry cutting methods for cutting tools. The high-speed dry cutting method has strict requirements for the cutter: ① the cutter should have excellent high-temperature resistance and can work without cutting fluid; ② The coefficient of friction between chips and tools should be as small as possible, and the tool structure with good chip removal should be supplemented to reduce heat accumulation; ③ Dry cutting tools should also have higher strength and impact toughness than wet cutting tools.

Generally speaking, dry cutting technology requires that the strength of the material to be cut is obviously reduced at a higher cutting temperature, and it becomes easy to cut, while the strength of the tool material should have better red hardness and thermal stability, as well as better wear resistance and adhesion resistance in the same state.

3 PCBN cutting machine can realize green dry cutting.

3. 1 PCBN tool materials. Polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) is a sintered body of cubic boron nitride (CBN) particles and binder at high temperature and high pressure, and CBN is also synthesized artificially at high temperature and high pressure, and its hardness is second only to diamond but much higher than other materials. PCBN is used in various fields of cutting with its superior cutting performance, especially for cutting high-hardness materials and difficult-to-machine materials. It is suitable for high-speed and ultra-high-speed cutting technology, and can process high-precision parts for a long time at high cutting speed (small size dispersion). After finish turning, the surface roughness of hardened steel can reach Ra 0.3 ~ 0.6, and the dimensional accuracy can be controlled at 0.013 mm. Greatly reduced the number of tool replacement and tool wear compensation downtime. Therefore, it is very suitable for CNC machine tools and processing equipment with high degree of automation, and can give full play to the high efficiency of the equipment.

3.2 PCBN tools meet the requirements of green manufacturing technology. The thermal conductivity and thermochemical stability of cubic boron nitride alloy (PCBN) make it have high thermal stability. In addition to high hardness, high red hardness, high wear resistance and low friction coefficient, PCBN is suitable for cutting not only nonferrous metals and their alloys, but also ferrous metals and their alloys, which best meets the requirements of green manufacturing technology and can process new workpiece materials such as high speed steel, cemented carbide and ceramics. It is recognized as an ideal tool material for hard cutting, high-speed cutting and dry cutting at home and abroad, and is mainly used for processing hardened steel, cast iron, superalloy and surface spraying materials. The cutting efficiency of high-alloy wear-resistant cast iron used in petroleum power station equipment is more than 4 times higher than that of cemented carbide tools, and the cost of a single tool is reduced to 1/5. In addition, PCBN tools also show good cutting performance when cutting sintered materials such as cemented carbide. PCBN tools are widely used to cut cast iron materials in foreign automobile manufacturing industry, and PCBN tools have become a new generation of tools used in production lines of major foreign automobile manufacturers. 3.3 Selection of cutting parameters of PCBN tool during dry cutting. PCBN tools are mainly used for finishing and semi-finishing in dry cutting. It has the advantages of low friction coefficient, smooth chip removal and faster heat dissipation than the processed material. As long as the appropriate parameters are selected, the hardness loss of PCBN materials at high temperature is very small. When the machining speed reaches a certain value, the relationship between cutting speed and tool life no longer conforms to Taylor's formula, but when the cutting speed is higher than a certain value, the service life increases. Because of the high cutting temperature during dry cutting and the red hardness and thermal stability of PCBN tool, the hardness loss at high temperature is less, while the hardness loss of workpiece material at high temperature is greater and it is easier to cut after the hardness is reduced (referred to as metal softening effect for short), and cutting is easier without cutting fluid. These characteristics of PCBN are very suitable for dry cutting high hardness materials. Turning, milling and drilling instead of grinding can obtain the surface quality that can only be obtained by grinding in the past, provided that the cutting parameters are selected correctly.

When choosing the geometric parameters of knife props, the tip of the knife is often ground into an arc (? = 0.4 ~ 1.2 mm) to enhance the strength of the tool tip, while the strength of the cutting edge is enhanced by negative chamfering of the cutting edge, with a small relief angle (? 鹪 6? ), front corner? 0? , casters =0? , the main deflection angle according to the machine tool stiffness in 45? ~60? Adjustment between, depending on the processing situation.

In the choice of cutting parameters, the choice of cutting speed, depth and feed speed is determined by the unique properties of PCBN tool material. For example, high-speed or ultra-high-speed cutting speed, cutting depth below 1mm, but not too small, large feed rate (in order to produce metal softening effect), and comprehensive adjustment of the three indexes can make the cutting precision of high-hardness materials high, the surface integrity of the workpiece good, and the cutting surface texture neat, bright and ra? Hey, eight M, there is almost no damage to the surface structure of the workpiece, and there is no annealing softening layer and metamorphic layer, which achieves the purpose of replacing grinding with turning, reduces the cost and obtains good economic benefits.

4 conclusion

To sum up, advanced manufacturing technology is the main technology of manufacturing development in the world today, and green manufacturing technology is the inevitable result of people's concern for the environment and rational use of resources. As a green manufacturing technology, dry cutting manufacturing technology is of great significance for saving resources, protecting the environment and reducing costs, and PCBN tools are very suitable for dry cutting hard materials. After more than ten years, especially in recent years, the continuous research and breakthrough of high-speed cutting technology, tool materials and coating technology, coupled with stricter laws and regulations on environmental protection requirements, the application of green manufacturing technology is more and more extensive, and the application of PCBN tool materials will be more extensive.

refer to

1 Guo Lijun. Application of PCBN tool in cutting. Research on Agricultural Mechanization, 2005 (1 1): 205-206.

2 thanks. Study on the application of PCBN tool in dry cutting. Mechanical Engineer, 2006 (2): 82-83

3 Jiang Xiangdong. Performance and selection of polycrystalline cubic boron nitride cutter. Research on Agricultural Mechanization, 2006 (2): 133- 134

4. Internet. Application status and thinking of PCBN tools in China market. Machinery network, China, April 0, 20091.

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