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Thomas Alva Edison (1847, February11-1,10, 10/8) was born in Milan, Ohio. Inventors and entrepreneurs. ?

Edison was the first person in human history to make use of a large number of production principles and electrical engineering research laboratories to patent inventions, which had a far-reaching impact on the world.

His invention of the phonograph, movie camera and electric light had a great influence on the world. He had more than 2,000 inventions and 1000 patents in his life. Edison was named the ninth among 100 people who influenced the United States by the authoritative American periodical Atlantic Monthly.

2. Mikkola Copernic

Mikolaj kopernik (Polish: Nikolaj Kopernik,1February 47319-1May 24, 543, at the age of 70) was a Polish astronomer, mathematician, doctor of church law and priest during the Renaissance.

When Copernicus was 40 years old, he put forward Heliocentrism, which denied the authority of the church and changed people's views on nature and themselves. At that time, the Roman Catholic Church thought that his Heliocentrism violated the Bible. Copernicus still firmly believed in Heliocentrism and thought that Heliocentrism was not contradictory to him. After years of observation and calculation, he completed his masterpiece "The Theory of the Operation of Celestial Bodies".

1533, 60-year-old Copernicus made a series of speeches in Rome, but it was not until he was nearly 70 years old that he finally decided to publish them. 1543 On May 24th, Copernicus received a book written by him from the publishing house on the day of his death.

Copernicus' "Heliocentrism" corrected people's world outlook. Copernicus was a giant in the European Renaissance. He devoted his whole life to astronomical research, leaving a valuable legacy to future generations.

3. charles robert darwin

Charles robert darwin, a British biologist, is the founder of the theory of evolution.

I once sailed around the world on the ship Beagle for five years, and made a lot of observations and collections on animals, plants and geological structures. He published the Origin of Species and put forward the theory of biological evolution, thus destroying all kinds of idealistic creationism and species invariance.

In addition to biology, his theory has a great influence on the development of anthropology, psychology and philosophy. Engels listed "evolution theory" as one of the three major discoveries of natural science in the19th century (the other two are cell theory and the law of energy conservation and transformation), and made outstanding contributions to mankind.

1882 On April 9, Darwin died in Davenport at the age of 73 and was buried in Westminster Abbey.

4. Galileo Galilei

Galileo galilei (Galileo,1February 56415-1June 5438+0.8). Italian mathematician, physicist, astronomer and pioneer of scientific revolution. Galileo invented the pendulum needle and thermometer, which made great contributions to mankind in science and was one of the founders of modern experimental science.

In history, he first integrated mathematics, physics and astronomy on the basis of scientific experiments, expanding, deepening and changing human understanding of material movement and the universe.

Galileo summed up the law of free fall, the law of inertia and Galileo's theory of relativity from experiments. Thus overthrew many hypotheses of Aristotle's physics, laid the foundation of classical mechanics, refuted Ptolemy's geocentric theory, and strongly supported Copernicus' Heliocentrism.

He overthrew the purely speculative traditional view of nature with systematic experiments and observations, and created a modern science with a strict logical system based on experimental facts. Therefore, it is known as "the father of modern mechanics" and "the father of modern science". His work laid the foundation for the establishment of Newton's theoretical system.

Galileo advocated the research method of combining mathematics with experiment, which is the source of his great achievements in science and his most important contribution to modern science.

Galileo believed that experiment was the only source of knowledge, advocated the study of natural laws by experimental-mathematical method, and opposed the mysterious speculation of scholasticism. I firmly believe that the book of nature is written in mathematical language, and only the shape, size and speed that can be attributed to quantitative characteristics are the objective attributes of objects. He was the first person to observe celestial bodies through a telescope, and achieved a lot.

Galileo played an important role in the development of natural science and world outlook in the17th century. Experimental science, which began with Galileo and Newton, is the beginning of modern natural science.

5. Newton

Sir isaac newton (1643 65438+1October 4th-1727 March 3rd1), chairman of the Royal Society, a famous British physicist, is an encyclopedic "all-rounder" and author of Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy and Optics.

He described gravity and three laws of motion in the paper "Laws of Nature" published by 1687. These descriptions laid the scientific view of the physical world in the next three centuries and became the basis of modern engineering.

By demonstrating the consistency between Kepler's law of planetary motion and his theory of gravity, he showed that the movements of ground objects and celestial bodies all follow the same natural law; It provides strong theoretical support for the sun-centered theory and promotes the scientific revolution.

In mechanics, Newton expounded the conservation principle of momentum and angular momentum and put forward Newton's law of motion. In optics, he invented reflecting telescope, and based on the observation that a prism diverges white light into the visible spectrum, he developed the color theory. He also systematically expressed the law of cooling and studied the speed of sound.

In mathematics, Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz shared the honor of developing calculus. He also proved the generalized binomial theorem and put forward Newton's method to approximate the zero point of function, which contributed to the study of power series.

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