Development course of China aviation

Chujiao -5 trainer is the first self-made primary trainer in China. The prototype is the Soviet Jacques-18 trainer. Jacques-18 is a two-seat primary trainer designed and produced by Jakovleff Design Bureau of the former Soviet Union in 1946.

Chujiao -6 tandem two-seat propeller trainer has served in China Air Force and local aviation schools for a long time, and it is still the main force of primary trainer in China.

Developed by Shen Fei Industrial Company, J-5 is a single-seat high subsonic jet fighter, which is mainly used for daytime interception and has certain ground attack capability. Ф 5 is an imitation of the Soviet MIG-17Ф fighter. MIG-17F 5 1 made its first flight in September and began mass production at the end of 52. The test pilot of the first flight was Wu Keming. At that time, 歼 5 was called Type 56, and it was renamed 歼 5 until 1964.

The pilot is talking next to the J-5-please pay attention to the Soviet military uniform with rank at that time.

歼 -5 is an all-weather two-seat jet trainer designed on the basis of 歼 -5 A, which is under the responsibility of Chengdu Aircraft Industry Company.

The J-6 fighter, whose prototype is the Soviet MIG-19 fighter, is the second generation fighter and the first generation supersonic fighter. 歼 -6 has defeated enemy fighters stronger than itself many times. Regardless of the specific circumstances of the battle, these achievements are worth remembering. In the Soviet Union, MIG-19 was quickly replaced by MIG -2 1. In fact, many pilots fly directly from MIG-15/ 17 to MIG -2 1. However, in Chinese mainland, the mass-produced J -6 and J -6 A have been the main fighters of the air force and naval air force in the 1960s and 1970s, and they have been active in national air defense operations for a long time. At present, they are equipped with a certain number, mainly for training.

○6 was developed by Shenyang Aircraft Factory, and started to be developed in 1966. It made its first flight at 1970 165438+ on October 6th |

The J-12 light fighter is the first jet fighter designed and manufactured entirely by domestic technical forces. Get rid of the design mode of the former Soviet Union series aircraft, and lay a good foundation for China's independent research and development of fighters. However, due to a series of fatal weaknesses of J-12, he finally died and never officially served.

The H -5 front-line light tactical bomber is an imitation of the Il -28 jet bomber imported from the Soviet Union. The aircraft used two straight-wing turbojet engines, which were very advanced frontline bombers at that time. The glass cabin of the nose is the navigator and the bombing cockpit, which provides a good view for navigation and optical bombing aiming.

Boom -5, there is an additional antenna at the tail.

The nose of the H -5 is equipped with a 23- 1 23mm fixed gun. The muzzle velocity of the 23- 1 machine gun is 680m/s and the firing rate is 800 rounds per minute. There are two guns of the same model in the rear turret.

H -6 bomber, prototype is the famous Soviet medium-sized jet bomber Tu-16. The aircraft uses two Tumantsev turbojet engines with swept airfoils. It was developed in 1948, and a few of them served in the Soviet Union until 1990. uY； Z%/ The first H -6 prototype completed the static test in June 65438+19661October. 196865438+On February 24th, on the eve of Chairman Mao's birthday, H -6 with domestic turbojet -8 engine made its first flight successfully, and 1969 was put into mass production. Since China failed to obtain a better replacement model, H -6 has been in service and is still improving its production.

Yun -5 transport aircraft is the first self-made transport aircraft in China, which is under the responsibility of Nanchang Aircraft Manufacturing Company. Its prototype is the An -2 transport aircraft designed by the Soviet Union in the 1940s. Although Yun -5 has been in service for 40 years, it is still the most common transport aircraft in China due to its stable flight and low operating cost. Another advantage of Yun -5 is that it can fly stably at very low speed, and the take-off distance is only 170 meters.

Zhi -5 is the first multi-purpose helicopter made in China, and it is also the beginning of scientific research and application of new China helicopter. The initial development code was "Cyclone 25", and the prototype was the Soviet Mi -4 helicopter. 1958 In February, Harbin Aircraft Industry Company began to imitate Mi -4 according to the complete set of drawings provided by the Soviet Union. 1958 65438+February 14, the first flight, 1959 officially passed the acceptance of the National Appraisal Committee and was put into mass production.

Zhi -5 has a modified armed helicopter. The belly is equipped with a 12.7mm machine gun turret, and rocket launchers are installed on both sides.

1960s, due to the cancellation of Soviet aid and the evacuation of experts, there was a serious shortage of La-17 unmanned aerial vehicles for PLA air force experiments, and the country made up its mind to make its own unmanned aerial vehicles, thus promoting the birth of Changkong-1, and the high-speed unmanned aerial vehicle (CK- 1) was changed from the second station to1965.

The PLA Army Air Force has a small number of Mi -6 (NATO code name "Hook") heavy transport helicopters. It is believed that these helicopters were purchased from the Soviet Union in 1970, and only recently did they begin to disclose a small amount of information to the public. Mi -6 has a cruising speed of 250 km/h, a range of 620 km and a maximum load of 12 ton. It is said that three planes have crashed and the remaining service life has expired.

An -30 is an aerial mapping aircraft developed from An -24 series, and its prototype is military An -26. An -30 made its first flight at 1974. Besides being used by the Soviet Union, it was also exported to China, Bulgaria, Romania, Cuba, Viet Nam, Czech Republic, Kazakhstan and other countries.

J -7 fighter, the prototype is MIG -2 13 transferred by the Soviet Union 196 1, which is divided into the second generation jet fighter and the second generation supersonic fighter with many modifications.

It is 歼-7 Ⅲ (called 歼 -7C according to the new numbering method of the Air Force). This model project, also known as J -7 overhaul, is based on MIG -2 1MF, and also aims to improve the shortcomings of J -7 series, such as short range, short radar range and weak firepower. 1979, China traded several J-6s for an Egyptian MF model. The performance of MIG -2 1MF and BIS has been greatly improved compared with the early MIG -2 1, and it has been widely used in the Soviet Union, Eastern Europe and India. Unfortunately, China's J-7Ⅲ can't be said to be successful.

J -7E and J -7MG are two improved versions of China J -7 all-weather fighter with high altitude and high speed. MG is an export type developed from E-type. These two modifications are important attempts to improve the maneuverability of MIG -2 1 series, and the fact proves that this modification is quite successful.

歼 7 is a two-seat trainer developed on the basis of 歼 7 in China, which was developed by Guizhou Aviation Industry Group. In August1year, Guizhou Aviation Group began to develop the J -7II fighter as a prototype. /kloc-0 made its first flight in July, 1985, and/kloc-0 was finalized in 1987. After the troops were equipped, they were used as pilots of J-7 and J-8 fighters for flight training.

Qiang -5 single-seat twin-engine supersonic attack aircraft, known as "attack aircraft" in China, was developed by Nanchang Aircraft Manufacturing Company. Its main tasks are close air support and ground attack, as well as air self-defense operations. The development process of Qiang -5 is turbulent and tortuous, which is a dramatic scene of stumbling in China's self-developed military aircraft.

Yun -7 is a medium and short-range twin-engine boiler propeller conveyor developed and produced by China on the basis of An -24 model of the former Soviet Union. Yun -7 is a twin-engine turboprop regional aircraft developed and produced by Xi 'an Aircraft Industry Company. 1970 made its first flight to the sky on February 25th.

Yun -8 transport aircraft, developed by Shaanxi Aircraft Manufacturing Company, is a medium-sized four-engine turboprop multi-purpose transport aircraft. The prototype is Su Lian-12. The aircraft can be used for many purposes, such as airdrop, airborne, transportation, life-saving and offshore operations. Yun -8 was designed by Xi 'an Aircraft Industry Company. 1On February 25th, 74, the Yun -8 prototype made its first test flight. After that, Xi 'an Aircraft Industry Company handed over the bulk parts, technical data and special parts of process equipment of the two prototypes 02 and 03 to Shaanxi Aircraft Manufacturing Company for further trial production. Prototypes 02 and 03 were successfully tested in 65438+February in 75 and 65438+1October in 77 respectively.

Yun-1 1 is a light dual-engine multi-purpose transport aircraft developed by Harbin Aircraft Factory in China. Hafei put forward this idea in April of 1974, and started the design in June of 1975. The prototype Y- 1 1 was successfully tested for the first time. Yun-1 1 achieved the goal of design, trial production and going to heaven in that year. 1April 3, 977, the design was finalized and put into production.

Yun-12 is a development model developed by Harbin Aircraft Manufacturing Company (formerly Harbin Aircraft Factory) on the basis of Yun-1 1, which soon became a more successful model in China aviation industry. This machine was developed in the early 1980s. After two years of flight test, it exceeded 1 100 flight hours and was finally finalized.

The Shuihong -5 anti-submarine bomber was developed by Harbin Aircraft Manufacturing Company. It can be used for maritime reconnaissance, patrol alert, search and anti-clearance, and can also monitor and attack surface ships. In the early 1950s, China introduced six Su -6 seaplanes, but none of them could meet the needs of the navy. The development of 1968 Shuibang -5 was officially approved, and the overall design was completed in 70 years. The first prototype 0 1 is always installed in the following year. 197 1 year, 1 10% design load meets and exceeds the technical requirements of static strength failure test of the whole machine, and the final assembly is successful.

The J -8 fighter is in J -7, that is, MIG -2 1, and NATO number is "Fin Whale". J

On the basis of J-8, Shen Fei Company developed J-8 Ⅱ aircraft. In June 1984, the first flight of the prototype was successful. On March 18, 1988, the design 歼 8Ⅱ was finalized, and a grand celebration meeting was held in Shenyang. Liu Huaqing, then Deputy Secretary-General of the Central Military Commission, and leaders of the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense, the Air Force and the Navy all attended the meeting, which shows that the military has high hopes. In the same year, 10, 15, the Military Design Committee officially approved the design of the J-8Ⅱ aircraft.

Jiao -8, a new generation primary trainer in China. In order to equip the People's Liberation Army with advanced jet primary trainer, Hongdu Group Company established the trainer scheme group on 1982, with Shi Ping as the group leader and then as the chief designer. Through research and comparison, combined with the specific situation of China, Hongdu Group put forward the development idea of "improving training efficiency and reducing training cost", the basic performance requirements and two sets of training systems to meet the needs of different countries, which were widely recognized. 1986, China decided to cooperate with Pakistan to develop JIAO -8. Pakistan invested 25% to produce the front fuselage and other parts. 1July, 987, the detailed design of Jiao 8 began. The prototype was manufactured in1June 5438+1October, 989. Five prototypes were built (three for flight test and two for static test). Prototypes 00 1 and 003 made their first flight on June1990+065438+1October 26th and 9 1 respectively. Subsequently, the 15 pre-production aircraft was launched and made its first flight in July 1992. Therefore, in fact, coke -8 is divided into domestic and export models.

JH -7 Flying Leopard, named FBC- 1, is a medium-sized fighter-bomber designed and developed by China in 1980s. This aircraft is mainly equipped with naval aviation, and it is a dazzling new star in the PLA combat aircraft. The aircraft was developed by China Xi 'an Aircraft Industry Company.

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FC- 1 fighter successfully made its first flight in August 2003! The FC- 1 fighter has been officially named "Xiaolong". ,

The domestic Su -27 will be named J-1 1#_

Su -30 multi-role fighter is a fighter-bomber improved by Russian Sukhoi Design Bureau on the basis of Su -27. Its development began in the early 1980s. The first two prototypes made their first flight 80 years ago and were named Su -27PU or Su-30 >: |

At the end of 1970s, China purchased 14sa 3, 2 1 "Super Hornet" large multi-purpose helicopters developed by the French Aerospace Industry Corporation, and handed them over to the naval aviation. The aircraft was delivered in France on 1966, and became the first generation carrier aircraft in China after being equipped. Subsequently, China began to imitate straight -8H=V on the basis of "Super Hornet".

Zhi -9 light multipurpose helicopter was developed and produced by Harbin Aircraft Manufacturing Company with the introduction of French patents. It can be used for personnel transportation, maritime support, maritime rescue, aerial photography, maritime patrol, fish observation, forest protection and fire prevention, etc. , and can be used as carrier aircraft. Military applications include reconnaissance, close fire support, anti-tank, search and rescue, anti-submarine, reconnaissance and artillery correction, and communication. three

Zhi-1 1 aircraft is jointly developed by Changhe Aircraft Industry Corporation and China Helicopter Research and Development Institute, and belongs to military and civilian helicopters. The imitation prototype of Zhi-1 1 is the AS350 squirrel multipurpose light helicopter developed by Eurocopter France Branch (formerly French Aerospace Company). It can be used in coaching, reconnaissance, rescue, anti-smuggling, fire fighting, tourism and other fields, and has broad market prospects.

In July, China signed a contract with Sikorsky Company of the United States to purchase 24 S-70 Black Hawk helicopters, 1984, and the first batch of 4 Black Hawks arrived in Tianjin, China, 1984. This aircraft was developed by Sikorsky Company of the United States, and it was numbered UH-60 in the United States Army. At present, it is the general-purpose helicopter with the largest number of equipment in the US Army, with a wide range of uses and various modifications. | "

The "Little Antelope" light helicopter was jointly developed by the former French Aerospace Company (now the French branch of Eurocopter) and the British westland Helicopter Company. qN。 L The PLA chose the "Little Antelope" helicopter, which was not the most advanced at that time. At that time, the French aerospace company thought it had met a big customer and was very involved. It is predicted that China will order 24 "small antelopes" in the first batch. I don't want the PLA to order a batch of eight SA342L 1 "Gazelle" in the early 1980s and deliver them in 1988, which surprised the west. Since then, the PLA has never purchased "Little Antelope". 1986 After the formation of the Army Air Force, all the "small antelopes" were classified as Army Air Force Y.

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At present, the Il -76 is the only large transport aircraft in our army, while Yun -8 can only be regarded as a medium and small transport aircraft. Because it is impossible to copy Il -76 immediately, we have to import it. However, the shortage of funds makes the purchase volume smaller, and the number of daily maintenance, training and failures should also be reduced. Our army's existing large transport aircraft can be said to be a serious shortage. Therefore, it is urgent to imitate or develop large transport aircraft.

ASN-206 multi-purpose UAV was developed by Xi 'an Aisheng Technology Group of Northwestern Polytechnical University. The machine was developed in February of 1994 65438+.

歼-10, according to the western method of fighter division, belongs to the typical third generation fighter. 歼-10 will be the first third-generation fighter designed and equipped by our country, and also the first self-designed combat aircraft with dual air superiority/ground combat capability. Unfortunately, J-10 was officially launched on 1984, and it has not yet been officially put into service. (}[l* 歼-10] For a long time after the first prototype was manufactured, it was faced with the embarrassing situation that only foreign engines were available. As of June 5438+ 10, 2004, Moscow Salute Company has completed a two-year contract to export AL-3 1FN engines to China, providing a total of 54 engines. It was originally planned that the domestic turbofan was successfully finalized in 2002, but it was not until 2004 that good news came from the domestic turbofan engine, and J-10 was finally expected to get a "domestic heart".

China imported the first batch of 60 sets of rice-17, numbered 9 17, 927, 937, 967 and 987. The direct reason for this transaction is that the United States refused to sell more S70 Black Hawk helicopters to China after 1989, so China ordered Mi-17 from Russia, and the price was very cheap. 199 1, the first batch of 24 Mi-17 arrived, and 35 Mi-17 1 were delivered before 1995. Mi-17 imported from China is equipped with six external racks, which can carry bombs, mines and rocket launchers. In addition, these Mi-17 have no 12.7mm machine gun, cockpit armor and engine exhaust infrared suppression device used by Russia itself.

Some Army Mi-8s were transported by special personnel, so they didn't carry weapons, and there was no chaff/infrared decoy launcher under the tail beam. Mi-17 is mainly used for air assault transportation, so most of them have weapon systems and chaff/infrared bait launchers [].

Airborne troops of the People's Liberation Army are boarding. You can see the standard equipment of the airborne detachment in the picture, including folding automatic rifles, sniper rifles, double-tube incendiary bomb launchers and other support firepower.

When Mi-17 launches a rocket, pay attention to the fact that the flame at the tail of the launcher deviates from the missile body under the action of the guide plate.

Close-up of Mi-17 tail beam, pay attention to antenna and infrared decoy transmitter.

On the eve of the Cultural Revolution, influenced by political thoughts and advocated by some elites, China Air Force launched the development plan of "Small Fighter" in April 1967. The plan emphasizes that the new fighter should be small, light and smart. According to the design idea of "launching air guerrilla warfare" at that time, the original intention was to develop a small fighter with high maneuverability, short take-off and landing, simple maintenance and low cost. 1969, Nanchang Aircraft Factory officially accepted the development task, and in March of the following year, it was officially named "J-12". China famous aviation designer Lu (below) is the chief designer. The prototype made its first flight in 1970 and 12, and reported to the central leadership in September 1973. At that time, Marshal Ye Jianying praised it as "Li Xiangyang in the air". As the name implies, the maneuverability of J-12 aircraft is really quite good, and the pilots who participated in the test flight praised it.