Liu Yulong, a Hong Kong expert: It is not surprising that repeated infections have never happened. I have never seen a "lung nodule" caused by vaccination.

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Liu Yulong, a Hong Kong expert: It is not surprising that repeated infections have never happened. I have never seen a "lung nodule" caused by vaccination.

Direct news media

With the promulgation of "Ten Articles of New China", the prevention and control measures of epidemic situation in Chinese mainland have been further optimized, but the number of infected people has increased rapidly. 65438+February 65438+April, the Comprehensive Group of Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council released the Implementation Plan of the Second Dose of COVID-19 Vaccine Intensive Immunization. What is the meaning of "the fourth injection"? Is it risky to vaccinate one old and one young? Do you need to worry about repeated infections? Qiu, a reporter from Shenzhen Satellite TV's Hong Kong live broadcast room, interviewed the expert consultant of the Hong Kong SAR Government and the chairman of the Hong Kong Scientific Committee on Vaccine Preventable Diseases, and answered relevant hot issues.

When the The 5th Wave outbreak broke out in Hong Kong at the beginning of the year, Liu Yulong experienced a run on the medical resources of Queen Mary Hospital in Hong Kong, and a large number of elderly people were infected or even died.

The reporter interviewed Professor Liu Yulong, an expert adviser to the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.

What is the significance of the fourth injection? What do you think of natural immunity?

Some netizens said that compared with the fourth injection, they prefer to obtain antibodies through natural infection. In this regard, Liu Yulong said that if an adult is painless and under 60 years old, he has been vaccinated with three shots, and the third shot was given a long time ago. In this case, the infection will produce mixed immunity.

Liu Yulong said that mixed immunization is actually the previous vaccine plus natural infection. Natural infection enters from nasal cavity and throat, which naturally produces mucosal protection. Coupled with the protection of vaccination before, the protection ability is really high. Therefore, the netizen's statement is right or wrong. The correct place is that if you are infected after a complete vaccination, you really don't need to worry. Young people want to take a chance, which is a personal decision, but it is very stupid not to get infected without vaccination.

Liu Yulong said that the "fourth injection" now has inhalation vaccine and nasal spray vaccine, which will provide mucosal protection, while the previous intramuscular injection vaccine did not. After three or four stitches, most people will get infected, with mild symptoms, and will get better in about 2-5 days. Liu Yulong also said that most people in the Mainland are using inactivated vaccines, and the third injection is the most basic and the fourth injection is absolutely necessary. "If you play inactivated vaccine, you must play the fourth injection. The key population is the elderly, and citizens who meet the conditions of long-term illness and basic illness must take the fourth shot. "

Liu Yulong said that the inactivated vaccine technology has decades of experience. Relatively speaking, the reaction after vaccination is not so strong and the safety is guaranteed.

"Risks and benefits need to be assessed. If you use inactivated vaccine, I don't even think about suggesting you play it. Because this is a technical platform for decades, the security is very good. The other is recombinant protein, which is very safe. Son, many vaccines are platforms for recombinant proteins. The technology has been used for more than ten or twenty years, and the risks are understandable and controllable. If someone is very worried about the risk of vaccines, I think we can consider (choose) the above two types of vaccines. "

How to deal with the risk of "one old and one young" vaccination infection?

Do you need to worry about vaccine side effects?

Liu Yulong said that according to the data at the beginning of Hong Kong, among 100 people over 80 who have not been vaccinated at all, 15 people and 16 people will die. Every extra shot of vaccine will reduce the death rate by about half. After the third injection, the mortality rate is already very low. If the fourth injection is given, the previous data is that the mortality rate has dropped to several ten thousandths. "If it is an old man with a basic disease, as a doctor, I will try my best to persuade them to get vaccinated first. Especially for the elderly over 60-80 years old, the older they are, the higher the risk. "

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Liu Yulong is a chair professor in the Department of Children and Adolescent Science, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. He paid special attention to the situation of children infected with COVID-19 virus. According to him, at the beginning of this year, the vaccination of children under 5 years old in Hong Kong was not very uniform. If children are not vaccinated, about one in ten thousand people will get seriously ill, which is very small.

If the child is not vaccinated, there will be some symptoms of upper respiratory tract after infection, so don't worry about fever and fatigue. However, if they are not awake, have a bad appetite, vomit, etc. Including breathing, they should see a doctor as soon as possible.

According to Hong Kong's experience, after Omicron was infected with BA.2 virus strain at the beginning of this year, a few critically ill children had two main problems: one was wheezing, and the other was fever and cramp. There is also a small amount of acute necrotizing encephalitis, which should be treated as soon as possible. Therefore, when unvaccinated children have symptoms such as vomiting, loss of appetite, listlessness and convulsions after diagnosis, they should seek medical advice as soon as possible.

The scientific name of hoarseness is "laryngotracheitis", which is generally characterized by low fever lasting 12 to 72 hours, inflammation around the eyes and nasal cavity, swelling of the throat, wheezing when breathing, increased respiratory frequency, decreased respiratory volume, and a dog-like sound when coughing.

There are rumors in the mainland that "vaccination leads to acute leukemia" or "pulmonary nodules". Liu Yulong said that he had monitored the side effects of vaccines in the Vaccine Committee, but he had never seen pulmonary nodules with his own eyes. Of course, it may also be that there are not enough cases monitored by ourselves. He also said that leukemia has absolutely nothing to do with vaccination.

"I can categorically say that there is no leukemia. I have accumulated a lot of experience in the etiology of leukemia, many of which are related to gene mutation. My understanding of leukemia is blood tumor. This is absolutely irrelevant, that's for sure. As for pulmonary nodules, I don't think this is a problem, because I have never seen them myself. Of course, I have not seen many cases personally, but at the same time I have also monitored the side effects of vaccines in the Vaccine Committee, which is not within the scope of my' radar' monitoring. "

Liu Yulong also said that the mRNA vaccine technology platform is relatively new, but there is no need to worry too much about safety.

"If it is the latest platform, because the new platform has just accumulated experience, such as the mRNA platform, it is true to inject young men with the vaccine of the mRNA platform. No matter which pharmaceutical factory, there are only a few, not many, 3000 boys and teenagers get the second dose of mRNA vaccine, (there are 1) myocarditis. Myocarditis sounds worrying, but now the data show that most of them can recover, and there is no big problem at all. Others (side effects), such as100000 or1000000, only one side effect occurs, and most of them can be recovered, usually related to the nervous system, such as facial paralysis, which can be treated. As long as early detection and treatment, more than 90% can be recovered. I think it is ultimately the people's own personal choice, but I hope that the elderly will be vaccinated as soon as possible. "

Professor Liu Yulong was interviewed.

Don't hoard antipyretics and Chinese patent medicines, and don't rush into the hospital in one breath.

Recently, the number of infected people in the mainland has risen sharply. Liu Yulong suggested, first, don't panic. Second, everyone should do their own health monitoring. Don't hoard antipyretics and Chinese patent medicines, they can eat by themselves. Liu Yulong gave himself four doses of inactivated vaccine, and was also "caught" in September 18, but the symptoms were very mild. "It's a lot easier to have a fever in one day, and the highest fever is not up to 39 degrees. It's a low-grade fever. I estimate that there will be phlegm in three or four days and cough in five or six days. How do I deal with throat discomfort? My family will cook sugar water, pear water, coix seed water and Siraitia grosvenorii water, including throat lozenges. As for antipyretics and even flowers, these can be considered. Take more rest and drink more water, and you will probably get through it. "

Liu Yulong believes that the biggest problem now is whether the hospital can survive. The key to safe survival is to minimize the number of infected people, continue to wear masks, and stick to social distance. The second is to get the fourth injection as soon as possible. These measures can reduce the number of infected people. Now the key work of the hospital is to prevent serious illness and death. Don't rush into the hospital in one breath, try to go to the community and the street to see a doctor. If it is a symptom of the upper respiratory tract, don't worry. If you have difficulty breathing, you need to seek medical help as soon as possible.

Liu Yulong said that after a large area of infection, there will inevitably be a few worrying cases. Therefore, stratified diversion needs to be very accurate, and hospital beds, especially ICU, cannot be avoided from "bank collapse". This is not only a problem of medical institutions, but also a problem of the whole society. Therefore, people's self-health management is very important. They know when and where to get health advice. If the risk is not high, they should take a break and take their own medicine. If it is a high-risk group, you may want to go to the community medical station.

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Do you need to worry about repeated infections?

Regarding the problem of repeated infection that some people are worried about, Liu Yulong said that repeated infection is not uncommon, but there is no need to worry and panic. "How much protection after the first infection? No one can say for sure, but it is estimated that there will be at least two or three months. After two or three months, the virus variant is different, the resistance to the virus is not enough, and it is not surprising that secondary infection occurs. This situation has been widely recognized in the world. Everyone knows that some national leaders have been diagnosed more than twice after the fourth injection. "

Liu Yulong said that repeated infection is a feature of coronavirus. Apart from COVID-19, four coronaviruses have been found since 1960s, and they will be infected countless times in our life. The first infection was in our infancy after birth, with symptoms and mild symptoms. Then I was infected all my life, and I didn't necessarily know I was infected in the end. In the face of these viruses, the main way to gain resistance is to inject vaccines to prevent the infection from becoming serious or dying.

"(Even if) you recover from reinfection after three months of diagnosis, it may happen naturally. Don't panic. The symptoms after vaccination are nothing more than fever, fatigue, sore throat and excessive phlegm. Some people just feel tired, but they don't know they are infected. " Liu Yulong said.

Qiu, a reporter from Shenzhen Satellite TV in Hong Kong.

Photographer Huang Junqiang, reporter of Shenzhen Satellite TV Hong Kong Live Room.