Introduce the three major movie movements in the world.

The first film movement: European avant-garde film movement (19 17- 1928)

First, the French impressionist school (19 17- 1928) avant-garde.

Central figure: Louis Delluc created the Spanish program "Wandering Girl 1922" and published it on the camera.

Representative: Little Lady Bud 19 19 of Sherman Drucker's Spanish program.

Marcel Lepied's Huang Jinguo 192 1 Abel Gance's Wheel 1923 Jean-Emmanuel Pustan's Loyalty 1923.

Main contributions:

1, explore the theme to expand the performance of film psychological narrative, and choose the theme suitable for describing the psychological activities of characters.

2. Pursuing the correspondence between natural images and characters' psychology and spirit, and impressing artists according to the ever-changing objective facts of natural scenery.

3. Establish new photography skills to adapt to the psychological and spiritual visual performance of the characters.

4. Emphasize the expression of visual rhythm and the importance of rhythm editing, internal and external rhythm.

Second, the surrealist tendencies of various schools:

Pure film aesthetic experiment;

1, French cubist school: Dance of the Machine by Fernand Lecleres emphasizes the collocation of graphics and shapes and rhythmic editing.

2. Henry & #183; Simit's five-minute movie.

Dadaism irrational film experiment;

Manley's first work, Return to Reason, and rene claire's intermission are full of fantasy and absurd Dadaism, which are as irrational as * * *. Lost reality and became surreal.

The absolute authenticity of surrealist films;

Dadaism's pursuit of surreal aesthetics eventually led to the emergence of surreal films. Is the ultimate destination of many avant-garde

Shells and Monks by Sherman Drucker/The Pearl Necklace by Louis bunuel 1929 An Andalusian dog, a representative work of surrealism, Starfish by Man Rey 1929.

Third, German expressionism: 19 19- 1924 was influenced by the avant-garde.

Expressionism is influenced by post-impressionism. Dr Calgary, the representative work of Robert Wen, is characterized by expressionist modeling style, consistent setting and background artistic conception, consistent character modeling and setting, light and shadow and visual modeling.

Vampire Nosferatu, The Story of Three Lives, Clay Warrior Company.

Realistic tendency:

Indoor drama: one of the writers of Carl Meiyu's "The meanest man" and "Doctor Calgary"

Change with scenery, theme and environment, but it is still a ruthless fate, expressed in a realistic way, without expressionism.

Street movies: Realistic creative attitude is to be interested in social environment rather than psychological state, and make use of scenery.

Fourth, the Montage School of the former Soviet Union: in parallel with * * * socialism and class, society and economy.

Influenced by futurism and constructivism.

1, operated by Kuleshov "Experimental Studio" in pudovkin. Three deadpan close-ups of Moz Yousinder.

2. Wiltoff's "Movie Eye School" makes documentaries and opposes scripts, actors and studios. However, it is unrealistic to observe life and make records of choices by changing the speed of movement and strange photography angles. The juxtaposition and coordination of montage.

3. Grigori Mikhailovich Kozintsev and Trauberg's "Strange Actor Training Institute"

4. Eisenstein's Theory and Creation: Battleship potemkin 1925 Odessa Steps.

Juggling montage later created intellectual montage (exaggerated the role of montage and was denied) and established montage theory.

5. pudovkin's montage narrative: mother, the end of St. Petersburg and the descendants of Genghis Khan.

Emphasize script creation; Emphasize the basic role of actors; It is different from Kuleshov's "film mode" and Eisenstein's "genre actor". As the basis of film art creation, montage creates associative montage.

Pudovkin emphasized the combination of shots and the importance of highlighting details in different shots. Eisenstein emphasized the conflict of montage.

The Development of verb (the abbreviation of verb) Documentary

1, based on the recording nature of Wiltoff's "Movie Eye School" mechanism. Real shot, sneak shot, snap shot. Later, influenced by it, the French New Wave Movement created a combination of documentary and feature films.

2. The Berlin Symphony 1927 by German abstract Walter Roesman was influenced by Wiltoff.

3. In the late 1920s, the French avant-garde almost became a school of record. Alberto's Only Time 1929 Nice Phenomenon in jean vigo Jean Benlevi's octopus, jellyfish and water beetles use geometric figures to take pictures of animals in the water, such as Kandinsky's and Picasso's paintings.

4. Rain by Juris Evans.

5. The British john grierson drifted to the fishing boat.

6. Actors and documentary forms of robert flaherty's Nanuk in the North.

7. German scene scheduling, French photography and Soviet montage editing filmed the end of the silent film "The Suffering of Joan of Arc".

The second avant-garde movement, the Italian neo-realism movement after World War II.

Representative works:

Rossini: the relationship between neo-realism and war: the unprotected city of Rome; Guerrillas; Germany zero; Europe 51; Long live Italy.

Visconti: He won the title of Father of Neo-realism with Sink. The Fluctuation of the Earth combines realism and aestheticism, but later The Suffering Man and Death of Venice completely pursue aestheticism.

De ·SICA: Cooperation with Zavattini, Cesare (an outstanding playwright) The Man Who Stole a Bicycle is the most representative work of neo-realism. The children are watching us, and the shoeshine boy uses the free style of an unofficial actor.

De Sandys: The Eleven of Rome pushed neo-realism to another peak. The use of the studio, the mix of formal actors and informal actors, is the same as Rossini's Unprotected Rome.

Aesthetic features of new realism: 1, recording 2, live shooting 3, using long lens 4, using non-professional actors 5, structural form (pursuing simple and simple structure) 6, using local dialects.

Inheritance of New Realism: Breaking away from Realism

Ferini: Pursuing romanticism, The Road, A Night in kabylie and Eight and a Half are the most personalized works. Clip space jump.

Antonioni: Fuzzy reality, emphasizing the subjective perception of the protagonist. Adventure, enlargement and red desert all have unrealistic and surreal colors. Natural colors change with psychology.

The Third Film Movement: French "New Wave" and "Left Shore School" in 1950s and 1960s

New wave-the author's film

Born in 1958, the naughty boy in the trough and the beautiful Sarkka in claude chabrol.

1959 is a happy year, and Truffaut's Run amuck reached its peak at 1960 and declined at 196 1. In addition to Godard's "This Life"

Bazin, a "new wave", is regarded as the father of spirit. First of all, movies are the gradual line of reality. Second, the scene scheduling theory.

Creative features:

There are similarities with Italian neo-realism, but the new wave has a strong personal color, while neo-realism has great sociality.

Theme: Non-political movies; Deny traditional moral concepts

Photography method: Pay attention to the cinematography of the film, pay attention to the freshness of the picture, and reject the functionalist or pedantic picture.

Sound: Many natural sounds, lifelike.

Clip: length, rhythm. Quick editing, connection between shots. The use of time-space jump long lens increases the sense of reality.

After the new wave, Truffaut and Shapiro's long shots, Godard's jumps and quick editing.

Performance: Non-professional actor, unknown actor.

In a word, I don't care about the traditional film grammar.

Left bank school-writer film

Representative works:

Allen Lai Na's love for Hiroshima was in Marion Budd 196 1 Henry Galby's farewell last year 196 1

The Trans-European Express by Alan Rob-Greer, Music by Margaret Toure 1966 Yellow Sun 1970.

Pay attention to inner description. They are innovators in literature and drama.

Affected:

1, influenced by Freud's sexual psychology and subconscious theory, shows the truth of human beings.

2. Accepted the influence of Sartre's "existentialism" and showed the relationship between people, people and society, and people.

3. The influence of Bergson's "realism" emphasizes that irrational feelings enter the depths of social consciousness and perceptual knowledge.

4. Influenced by Brecht, he showed the reality in a tortuous way and conveyed his inner fantasy.

Main features:

Theme: I prefer to recall, forget and remember, trying to put this spiritual journey of people on the screen; Describe people's responsibility and self-guilt. Memory is always related to historical events. Love in Hiroshima.

Director: From documentary realism to pure spiritual realism.

The most important aesthetic revolution. Last year in Marion Budd, 70% of the effects came from editing. First, cancel the intermittent methods of traditional movies, such as melting into segmentation, canceling transition shots, and artificially compressing time and space and events with jumps; Second, the lens position is reversed; Third, the juxtaposition of lenses is not connected or even opposed; Fourth, circular editing and conscious repetition.

Voice: Director Zuo An is more cultured than the director of New Wave, so he thinks more about the details of music and sound.

Performance: The stage actor acts as a conscious distance between people and adopts the effect of alienation.

Photography: there is no uniform style, but Gudal's shoulder-to-shoulder style is not used. Pay attention to the composition and lighting of the picture, especially the unique lens pushed by renard.

The difference between the two:

1, Composition: Most of the producers of New Wave are commentators of Bazin Film Magazine, and they started the film industry on their own. Zuo 'an School is a group of left-wing writers. Therefore, self-cultivation is higher than fashion.

2. Time: The new wave began in the late 1950s, and the Left Shore School was earlier than its director, and it began in Renai 1948.

3. Age: New Wave boys, while Zuo 'an school is middle-aged, so the experience and experience are higher than the former.

4. Themes and skills: The new wave has a strong personal biography color, while the Left Shore School is a universal theme of all mankind. The author's films mostly use the first person, and the author's films often use the second, third or even confused person. Moreover, there is a strong literature, and the assumption of drama art far exceeds the new wave.

5. Shooting location: The former does not reflect major history, so it is mostly shot in Paris, while the latter is shot all over the world.

6. Aesthetic pursuit: the new wave is closer to life and deeper into reality, while the Left Bank School is interested in people's spiritual activities, people's thoughts and people's hearts.

7. Production cycle: The new wave is sloppy and semi-impromptu, so the cycle is short, while the left bank school is meticulous and long.

8. The film passed the inspection: the former is simple in content and does not involve politics, so it generally passed smoothly (except Ge Daer's Little Soldier).

But the latter is in trouble because of its complicated background.

Zuo' an school directly intervened in life with a clear-cut flag, put the naked social status quo on the screen, and triggered the emotions and choices of the audience, so Zuo' an school was the avant-garde in the 1950 s and 1960 s.

Fourthly, French poetic realism in 1930s.

The Pioneer of French Poetic Realism: Early 1930s

Rene claire (Rene Clare): (Fantasy) Early stage of talking movies: under the Paris eaves 1930, million francs 1932, July 14 1933. Freedom Belongs to Us is the best work of this period, and its comedy style influenced the conveyor belt scene of Chaplin Modern Times.

Jean vigo: Zero operation 1932 Barge Atlanta 1934.

The development of poetic realism: peak 1934- 1939 black realism, exposing social darkness.

Jacques Federer: In this gamble, an actor deserves to play two roles. Misa Apartment 1935 Courage and Carnival 1936

Sullivan Dewey: David Gauld 1930 Spanish Colony 1935 together 1936.

Marcel Carne: (pessimistically) Jenny, Fog Pier, Northern Hotel, Sunrise, Night Guests and Little Shoes.

Jean renoir: (Master of Realism) Abortion, Bitch, Budu Falling into the Water, Tony, co-written with Eisenstein, and the use of depth of field lens. The beginning of independent production.

The Great Disillusionment is a pacifist work. Dilute the plot, make the work tend to be recorded, and form a realistic style. Mixing one or four languages in sound processing; Second, the language and dialogue in the film show the identities of different people at the same time. Third, the handling of music dominates the motivation of the film.

Value of death in the rules of the game. Mobile photography and deep focus lens.

Late poetic realism after 1939

Jean Grimian: A penny of love, the royal waltz, the strange Mr. Waldo, the barge, the sky belongs to you.

Jacques Gouel: Cupid's Red Hands, Anton and Anton Knight, Golden Helmets, Alibaba and the Forty Thieves.

The contribution of poetic realism;

1, update the realistic concept. The strangest and most distinctive aspect.

2. The application and establishment of depth-of-field lens, his practice confirms Bazin's theory of "scene scheduling", and the application of depth-of-field lens has a great influence on the development of "film ontology".

3. Give full play to the power of literature in movies.

Misunderstanding:

1, ignoring the audio-visual nature of film art.

2. The influence of art groups on individuals.