How to write film and television works in the radio and television director's examination.

Examination content: The film and television works here may be movies or TV plays, TV sketches, feature films or documentaries, variety shows, etc. After the observation, the candidate will write a review article on the spot.

Purpose of the examination: mainly to examine the examinee's perception, appreciation, theoretical analysis and writing ability of film and television works. As a film and television director, to a great extent, it comes from the perception, appreciation and reference of excellent film and television works, so the analysis of film and television works is the first part of the professional entrance examination for film and television directors.

Examination guidance: in this examination subject, the types of film and television works may be feature films, documentaries, comprehensive art films and so on. No matter what kind of film and television works are provided, they should always be analyzed from the perspective of artistic analysis, rather than repeating or generalizing the content. Candidates should make an artistic analysis of the theme, structural framework, production modeling and other aspects of film and television works in combination with factors such as picture, sound, music, explanation and hosting. I don't want everything, I just want to be concentrated and profound, with a unique perspective, and strive to write my own unique feelings and express my thoughts.

1, evaluation strategy

For a relatively complete feature film type of film and television works, common specific evaluation strategies mainly include the following aspects:

(1) comment title

The title of the film is the specific name of the film. Title is not only a symbol of title, but also contains the following meanings:

1) cultural meaning, the film title contains the producer's induction and suggestion to the audience, because it consciously or unconsciously reflects certain cultural content in a certain cultural environment. 2) Leading the meaning. The originality of the film title certainly has room for the audience to associate and play an aesthetic role, but the most practical thing is whether the film title undertakes the function of directing and pointing to the film itself. From another perspective, it is to see whether the title of the film is related to or consistent with the content of the film. Some good film titles are not only suitable for the content of the film, but also have a suggestive effect on helping the audience understand the theme of the film, so they need comments more.

(2) Evaluation of the director

1) the idea of the director. In order to turn the script into a movie, the director should conceive all aspects of the content and form of the future movie as a whole. There are not only the determination and pursuit of the tone, style, style and characters of film and television, but also the specific requirements for various artists. This is the embodiment of the director's artistic creativity.

2) command means. In order to shape the screen image, the director should use various specific means of expression in film and television to infect the audience through stories and characters. The director's means include: the movement of the picture and the movement of the lens; Combination between shots; The use of music and language; Scene exchange; Atmosphere contrast, etc.

Commenting on the application of film and television means depends on the specific situation of film and television, and whether its application is reasonable and creative.

3) Director style. Excellent directors have realized their own pursuit and creation different from other directors in excellent films, thus forming their own unique style. Generally speaking, characteristics are called characteristics, and outstanding characteristics (or characteristics that have been transformed into stable appearance and repeated practice) are called styles.

Style is the concentrated expression of the main characteristics. Criticizing the director's style is not only a measure of the director's creativity, but also a measure of the critic's appreciation. You can't just wear a hat with style, and you can't turn a blind eye to the obvious style.

4) Director's creation. From the perspective of film and television, we can see what the director created in the process of transforming the script into film and television. We can see what he has created for social life, film and television art and ordinary audiences. The director's creation is reflected in film and television. Therefore, comments on film and television are always related to the core directors of film and television creation. So when you comment on a movie, you are commenting on the director, although sometimes you don't have to comment separately.

(3) Comment theme

Theme is the central idea expressed in the whole image system described by artistic works, also known as theme idea. Theme is the core of the content, the soul and commander of the work, which runs through all the works and plays a role in them.

Theme, reflected in the works, contains the author's understanding and evaluation of social life, and permeates the author's aesthetic ideal, social ideal and world outlook. A comprehensive evaluation of a work is inseparable from the study and understanding of the theme.

In film and television works, the theme is hidden in the whole picture image composed of the whole picture and sound, and is revealed in the content display and form of the works. Related to this, the theme can also reflect the meaning of life, society and life in the shaping of the main characters in film and television, in the image of the protagonist and in the fate of the protagonist. The shaping of the main characters can reflect the basic ideological tendency of the works. The theme can also be reflected in the plot. The development of the plot, that is, the process and ending of the event, also includes the author's understanding and evaluation of life. The development of the plot is closely related to the fate and characterization of the characters, which is restricted and the embodiment of the theme.

Since the theme is reflected in all aspects of the work, the analysis of the theme can not but pay attention to the following aspects:

First, grasp the whole ideological system of the work as a whole. From beginning to end, understand the general tendency of the work from all aspects.

Second, analyze the specific artistic image. The theme is embodied in the artistic image of the work. The theme hint can only be realized on the basis of concrete artistic image analysis. The theme is not a few comments mixed together and arranged in the work. Only by digging the deep meaning of the image and finding out the author's thoughts and feelings can we accurately summarize it.

Third, pay attention to people. The shaping of the main characters embodies the author's emotional rationality. In order to promote the theme of the work, we must understand and analyze the main characters.

Fourth, study the plot. Plot arrangement is not a direct expression of life, but contains the author's understanding and evaluation of life.

(4) Evaluation of actors

1) Actor's performance of the role

The actor's performance of the role is carried out under the general requirements of the director for the film, which has certain limitations; At the same time, it is completed on the basis of its own understanding of the role, with a certain degree of freedom. In the role of prescriptive restrictions, we can create a flesh-and-blood and distinctive role and let the actors perform in a specific environment.

An actor's performance needs a high degree of understanding (including understanding of life, society and life, plot and art), rich imagination (developing rich phenomena according to understanding and completing the creation of roles in imagination), accurate expressive force (accurately expressing the imagination of roles), multi-directional imitation (imitating and performing in different directions, under different conditions and with different role possibilities) and so on.

An actor's performance should follow the rules of the role and show the role to the audience through various ways such as voice, expression and action.

An actor's performance requires an actor to have strong feelings, inject abundant passion into the creation and performance of the role, infect the audience with vivid images (roles), and let the audience go deep into specific situations to feel and evaluate life and art.

2) Actors' creation of roles

The evaluation principles of actors' skills are mainly natural, credible, touching and individual.

Very natural. It refers to the role played by actors, which is not only in line with the natural reality in life, but also an integral part of the processed natural life world, rather than clearly seeing the blunt traces of artificial processing. It also includes the activities of the characters in the performance process, which has its internal psychological basis and external activity flow.

Credible. It refers to being recognized by the audience because the role conforms to the unity of life norms. What conforms to the standard of life is not necessarily credible. Only when the norms of life and art are unified can people not only judge life but also carry out aesthetic activities while watching art.

Touching. Refers to the role that can give the audience aesthetic shock. Only when actors celebrate their passion, give them creativity and make their roles fascinating can they achieve touching artistic effects.

Personality. Personality is the symbol of creation. Personality is acquired when the actor firmly marks the role after creation. Whether an actor can acquire personality and achieve creation is the main dividing line of an actor's maturity.

(5) Comment on photography.

1) composition. It refers to the position of various (or one) objects that enter the camera lens and are reflected on the film tape, and the relationship between them. In other words, the scenery entering the camera screen is legendary.

Distance. Due to different distances, there are panoramic view, middle view, close view, close-up and large close-up. A mirror

Whether to use close-ups or intermediate scenes (or other scenes) depends on the narrative and performance of the film, including the narrator's narrative attitude and feelings, as well as the expected infection to the audience.

Angle. Common shooting performance angles are: Ping She, overhead shooting, overhead shooting, etc. The choice of these angles lies in the demonstration of the plot and the expression of feelings.

The significance of composition lies in expressing life stories naturally, so that the audience can feel the formal beauty of the film in the narrative process.

2) run out. Including the use of natural light (sun and moon) and artificial light (lighting). Because photography must show a certain environment in a certain situation, only when there is light can the audience see the content being photographed.

The first function of light is to express a specific environment, and each environment has its own corresponding light. Using light to express people and scenery in a specific environment plays the role of real atmosphere.

The second function of light is to emphasize the theme. Strong or weak light, smooth or backlight shooting reflect the author's attention to things. This emphasis should be related not only to the development of the plot, but also to the attitude and way of narration.

Taken together, the use of light shows the particularity of the environment from the basic level. From a deeper level, it shows the emotional attitude of the creator and gives the audience emotional and sensory influence.

3) color. Color plays an important role in color photography.

Everything in life has its own color. The objects displayed in the film are also colorful and colorful. The color in the film, the first thing to be solved is to restore the color beauty of objects in life. Generally speaking, the colors in life should be vividly displayed in movies. This is not all the colors. The color in the film is not the accumulation and listing of colors in life, but the careful conception and creation of the creator.

4) The movement of the lens. When shooting people or things in motion, tracking the subject in motion is an increasingly important means, which also reflects the photographer's skills and style.

The main principles of photography;

First, photography can be commented separately, but it cannot be divorced from the whole film. Photography has relatively independent aesthetic value, and it cannot exist independently without the content of the film.

Photography is an artistic creation. This kind of creation should be put into the overall concept of film and television to be tested and understood.

Secondly, photography, as an artistic creation, is not only the restoration of nature, life, events and other shooting objects, but also depends on the photographer's creative work and how to express and create a beautiful image.

Third, photography is a highly professional artistic creation. Comments on photography should be based on theoretical preparation and accumulated practice, as well as on understanding and mastering the laws of film and television art and photography art.

(6) The beginning and end of the comment

As we all know, film and television is a whole, but as the starting point and end point of a part, it is of necessary significance to the whole art, and it is also of special significance to deepen the meaning of the work and form the artistic originality of the work, so we can recall and comment separately without departing from the whole film and television.

A good beginning should have the following basic characteristics:

(1) Start at the most appropriate place in the story. Of course, there is no uniform scale here, and it should be combined with specific story content.

(2) attract the audience. The story has already started, and it is not easy to attract the attention of the audience. In order to make them read carefully, arouse certain interest and feel the aesthetic satisfaction of artistic interest in the process of story development, careful design and conception are needed. It is a good start to attract the audience as soon as possible.

(3) Explain clearly and neatly. Confessions of events and characters are something that must be done at the beginning of a movie. It is not easy to explain the part before the story begins in a short time. In addition to the suspense that should be deliberately left, it should be naturally reflected in the story, so that people do not feel that they are deliberately explaining.

(4) Natural development. At the beginning of the story, we should not only take care of people and things, but also attract the audience, not to mention let the story continue.

On the whole, a good beginning is to attract attention, explain the plot clearly and let the plot begin to develop within a few minutes to ten minutes after the film starts.

A good ending also has some basic characteristics:

(1) Correct beam collection. The problem is solved, or the suspense is clarified, and the doubts in the audience's hearts are solved, and the whole movie should end immediately.

(2) It has a aftertaste. Either strengthen the theme or reveal the fate of the characters, in any case, the end of the work should consider how to impress the audience. This includes: the power of thought is shocking; The originality of artistic expression meets the aesthetic needs of the audience. Different endings can express different meanings of life and give the audience different feelings. Grasping this appreciation, thinking and commenting is an effective way to enter artistic analysis.

The end of the story has two meanings. What kind of ending is one, that is, what kind of ending constitutes the content of the work. It is closely related to the performance of the theme and the fate of the characters. The second is how to end, that is, how to end the form of artistic works. It is not only a means to express content, but also a basic element of artistry. The ending of the story is the content. As a form, the end of the work should be harmonious.

The start and end of comments can be done separately or in combination. Comment on the beginning or end respectively, which can be done at the beginning or end of different movies or at the beginning or end of different movies. Commenting on the beginning and end of a movie at the same time, we should pay attention to the following aspects:

First, the relationship between the two. How do they contact, what kind of contact, * * * and what role they play.

Second, they are looking for photos. What are the similarities and differences from beginning to end? What artistic significance does this imply? What are the artistic features?

Third, the significance of the two. They express the theme and what they mean to the integrity of the whole artistic structure.

Fourth, what is artistic originality? First of all, it depends on whether they are artistic originality, and then it depends on what significance they have in artistic creation.

The above introduces the specific evaluation strategy of a relatively complete feature film type of film and television works. Then, how should the general documentary film be evaluated?

Generally speaking, like the analysis of documentary films, there are always some small suggestive questions in the test questions, ranging from 4 to 5 and 6 to 7. These questions are actually the outline of the evaluation article. Candidates only need to write their true feelings in the order of these questions, and connect them in series, which is equivalent to an evaluation article.

2. Evaluation method

Some candidates worry that they have not systematically and comprehensively studied the professional knowledge of film and television art, and their articles are not professional enough. This kind of worry is unnecessary. What the examiner values is the examinee's perception of film and television works, which is the initial feeling of the essence of film and television works, no matter how many technical terms you use. If you have a little knowledge of film and television, it will be self-defeating to write such an analysis article. It is better to write down your deepest feelings honestly. Of course, this feeling is not empty talk, but analytical reasoning. It would be better if we could observe professional theoretical knowledge on this basis.

In order to make the evaluation writing go smoothly, it is based on certain materials. In order to possess the material, while watching the film, candidates should consciously record the material of some works and their own opinions and experiences with notes, so that when the works are completed, there will already be material to write. After refining them, determine the theme of the article, and then filter the recorded materials according to the expressed theme, and select the materials that can best express the theme for writing.

The above is the general method of collaborative conception, with materials first and then refining the main idea. You can also use another opposite way of thinking, first determine a certain aspect you want to evaluate, or evaluate the use of the lens, details, sound, plot arrangement, clue arrangement, or character description. Then, when watching a movie, choose the material that is suitable for the content of a certain aspect you want to evaluate as an example. This method is called "theme first".

In order to make a good transition from viewing to evaluation, the method of outlining is very useful. In fact, the outline provides a paradigm, so that the evaluation ideas can be relatively concentrated and the selection of materials has a strong purpose. The following outline is for candidates' reference:

Overview of TV viewing analysis

(Recording while watching a movie)

TV content summary 10%

The ideological education significance of this film is 10%.

The total theory of artistic characteristics (overall technology and overall artistic characteristics) is 20%.

Examples of artistic features (choose one or two unique artistic features) 25%

Details of artistic features (two or three wonderful details) 20%

Shortcomings and deficiencies 10%

Conclusion 5%

3. Evaluation requirements

Possess materials, refine the main idea, and outline the structure. On this basis, the analysis article should do the following:

(1) The theme should be clear and the center should be prominent.

We should have a basic attitude towards film and television works, have clear, reasonable and even original opinions, and make comprehensive analysis.

(2) The structure should be rigorous and clear.

What to say first and then what to say should be arranged as a whole, the transition and response should be complete, and the argument should be rigorous. Specifically, we should do the following:

1) Get a good title. The title can make the article suddenly vivid, and readers will take the initiative to enter the article. The title can also add color to the article and better highlight the main idea of the article. Judging the title of a sentence pattern often has an eye-catching prompt function. I want to talk about the title of the question, hiding the author's point of view in the article and inspiring readers to explore. Choose the title of the sentence, then give the audience the right to judge and analyze and understand it with the audience. The film titles with figurative images leave a deep impression on the audience and are unforgettable.

2) Have a good start. A good start is also important. It affects the expression of meaning and is an important part of structural arrangement. The second is to attract readers to read the second impression (the first impression is the title). A good beginning can arouse readers' interest in reading, so that they can walk into the door along the road paved by the author and have a clear view.

3) Pay attention to the unfolding part. This is also a process of reasoning. On the basis of representative and tenable argumentation materials and corresponding reasoning premises, this paper analyzes and explains the rationality of its own views.

When analyzing and reasoning, we must first ensure that the major premise is correct. The premise on which it is based is biased, just like an attic built on the beach. No amount of imagination and structure can stand on a solid foundation.

Secondly, we should pay attention to the selection of arguments to see whether the arguments are consistent with the topic (the authenticity of the arguments) and whether they can explain related issues.

4) Pursuing a happy ending. A good ending can make the last part of the article still have a strong charm, and even extend the aftertaste after reading the article. Therefore, the audience often praises such a good article with a long aftertaste, and the author often pursues a good ending to achieve this effect.

A good ending should be:

The ideas in the article are consistent, the style is unchanged, and the end is connected. At the end of the article, a part does not exist in isolation, but as a part of the whole. It is also very important to maintain a sense of integrity with the full text. From beginning to end, we should not only have formal perfection, but also have a sense of communication.

3. The article should be fluent, accurate, not piling up specious technical terms, not memorizing professional theories, plain writing style and clear and neat handwriting.

Wrong evaluation: In this exam, the common mistakes of candidates mainly include the following aspects:

First, swallow the dates and copy them mechanically.

In order to cope with this examination subject, some candidates have also learned some relevant professional knowledge and applied these professional knowledge to the analysis of the article, which is very good. However, due to a little knowledge of relevant professional knowledge, the professional knowledge applied in the evaluation is basically at the level of mechanical copying, and it is still impossible to achieve the seamless integration of professional knowledge and work evaluation, which requires us to know more about some systematic film and television professional knowledge in peacetime. I believe that after doing this, I will skillfully use my professional knowledge to evaluate related film and television works and phenomena during the exam.

Second, there are "opinions" but no "feelings", and "statements" are more than "comments".

The title of this examination subject is Film and Television Works Review, which obviously needs criticism and analysis. Critical analysis always takes works as the carrier and gives it a theoretical perspective. However, some candidates are basically repeating the outline of the content in their evaluation of the works. They retell their works with a lot or even all of them, and they have no feeling about it. They talk too much, but comment too little. They are purely comments, and they can even be said to copy after reading. The feeling of film criticism is only a superficial impression and feeling of the film, while the evaluation is a kind of praise and criticism on the basis of analysis and a theoretical evaluation of the work. As the saying goes: amateurs watch the excitement, while experts watch the doorway. Since I have come to take the professional examination, I should always arm myself with certain professional knowledge and analyze my works accordingly. The reason why the above candidates have nothing to say has a lot to do with the lack of minimum accumulation of relevant professional knowledge. It is unlikely that such an evaluation article will win the prize. Therefore, the solution is to use relevant professional knowledge in peacetime, try to analyze film and television works, and master the basic evaluation routines.

Third, there is a clear distinction between praise and criticism and a lack of analysis.

Some candidates only praise and criticize in the evaluation, and there is no convincing analysis. Sometimes the conclusion is fierce, but there is no argument to support it. For example, the conclusion of a film and television work is "the work is very good", but there is no specific analysis; The conclusion of a film and television work is "complete failure", but there is no concrete analysis of how the plot under the big hat is false.

Fourth, cover everything and talk in general terms.

Some candidates use professional knowledge to evaluate film and television works, but they don't know how to write articles and lack tailoring. They don't grasp one aspect to write their unique feelings and express the most distinctive structure.

Thinking, but comprehensive, general, lack of focus. For example, in an analysis article, I commented on the plot and music picture of the characters. It looks comprehensive, but in fact, it has no focus and nothing is clear.