What harm does the radiation produced by X-rays do to human body?

Methods and measures of X-ray protection

Which parts of the human body absorb more X-rays

It is understood that the density of human tissue structure can be summarized into three categories: high-density bony tissue and calcified focus; Moderate density of cartilage, muscle, etc.; Low density adipose tissue and gas existing in respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, sinus and mastoid.

The human tissue structure and organ morphology are different, and the thickness is also inconsistent. Its thick and thin parts are either clearly defined or gradually migrated. The thick part absorbs more X-rays and transmits less X-rays, while the thin part is the opposite. Cells in different parts of the human body have different degrees of reaction to X-rays, among which gonads are the most sensitive. Radiation can cause changes in the genetic material of germ cells and form genetic effects. This change is manifested in gene mutation and chromosome aberration. In recent years, there have been some new understandings of the genetic effects of radiation, and it is considered that the genetic effects are not significant in a small dose range.

How to prevent X-rays from penetrating the human body

X-rays will have certain biological effects. If the amount of X-rays exposed is too much, which exceeds the allowable exposure, radiation reaction may occur, and even a certain degree of radiation damage may occur. However, if the X-ray exposure is within the allowable range, the impact is generally minimal. People don't have to refuse the necessary X-ray and CT examination because of radiation, let alone dare not enter the radiology department of the hospital.

in terms of technology, the principles of shielding protection and distance protection can be adopted. Shielding protection refers to the use of substances with higher atomic number, usually lead or lead-containing substances, as a barrier to absorb unnecessary X-rays. Distance protection refers to using the principle that the X-ray exposure is inversely proportional to the square of distance, and reducing the exposure by increasing the distance between the X-ray source and the human body.

There are two types of X-rays reaching human body from X-ray tube: primary radiation and secondary radiation. The secondary radiation occurs when the primary radiation penetrates other substances, and its energy is smaller than that of the primary radiation, so it has a greater impact. X-ray tube and shell, shading tube and aperture, filter plate, lead glass behind screen, lead screen, lead rubber apron, lead gloves and walls are usually used for shielding protection. It is a simple protective measure to increase the distance between human body and X-ray source for distance protection.

patients: there are no patients who need special care, and their families don't have to go with them for examination, so it is totally unnecessary to be exposed to radiation. Medical staff can't ignore the protection of patients and subjects just because they come to the hospital for examination once; Subjects should also have a sense of self-protection and refuse unreasonable medical irradiation. In order to avoid unnecessary X-ray exposure and exposure exceeding the allowable amount, appropriate X-ray inspection methods should be selected and correct inspection procedures should be designed. The exposure times of each X-ray examination should not be too many, nor should it be repeated many times in a short period of time (which is especially important for tomography and contrast examination). When casting photos, attention should be paid to the accuracy of the position, scope and exposure conditions. Wear protective articles (lead apron, lead collar, lead cap, lead eyes, lead gloves, dental protective skirt, etc.) to cover the parts that do not need to be inspected.

For radiation workers, necessary protective measures should be formulated in accordance with the relevant national health standards for radiation protection, X-ray examination should be performed correctly, health care regulations should be implemented seriously, and the dose received by radiation workers should be monitored regularly. Wear lead apron, lead collar, lead cap, lead eyes, lead gloves, lead mask and gonad protection when working in X-ray environment, and use the principle of distance protection to strengthen self-protection.

Radiation is very close to us

In addition to X-ray radiation, there are similar radiations in people's lives, such as computers, televisions, mobile phones and microwave ovens, which are very close to the human body, so the harm is also heavier. Now, home decoration usually buys some floor tiles and cultural stones, and these decoration materials will also produce certain radiation. The radiation of floor tiles mainly comes from radon, and radon emanation is ionizing radiation, which acts on the molecules of the body.

how to protect against these radiations? It should be said that as long as we pay attention to the problems of time and distance, the use of microwave ovens will generally not cause harm to human body. For example, leave as far as possible after turning on the microwave oven and keep a distance to achieve protection. You can also add a special cover for microwave oven on the microwave oven. Computer screen, mainframe, chassis and even mouse all have radiation. Of course, the most important radiation comes from the screen, so it is usually enough to do a good job of preventing radiation from the screen. You can add a radiation screen to the computer. Pregnant women should stay away from radiation sources. Cut off the radiation source in time or wear maternity radiation protective clothing

high radiation voltage/kV

75 1 15 2 25 3 35 4

thickness of protective lead plate /mm

≥1 ≥1.5 ≥2.5 ≥4 ≥6 ≥9 ≥12

Corresponding to each other

. Radiography of Thick Steel Plates and Radiography of 1-6 inch (25-152mm) Thick Steel Plates with Cobalt -6 to Obtain the Sensitivity of ASTM Equivalent Penetrator

High-conductivity steel plates sprayed with insulating paint can also reduce the X-ray radiation on the computer screen.