What place names and buildings were there in the era of the Yellow Emperor?

Discovery of ancient city ruins and stone symbols in Huangdi era in Xinzheng, Henan Province

Shizu Mountain, located at the junction of xinzheng city, Yuzhou and xinmi city, is called Juci Mountain in history, also known as Dagu Mountain. 1 186 meters above sea level, about 40 kilometers from east to west. She may be anonymous and insignificant, and it is hard to find her on the map of China. The main peak of Shizu Mountain is in xinzheng city, which is the birthplace of Xuanyuan Huangdi, the earliest ancestor of mankind with the most historical records.

However, her position in China's 5,000-year history of civilization is unparalleled: the Yellow Emperor, the ancestor of mankind, was born, started his business and established his capital here, and loong, who is in high spirits, rose from here. She is also a national forest park.

The consanguinity of the descendants of the Yellow Emperor

When we climb Shizu Mountain again, go back to the arduous pioneering road of our ancestors, visit the sages and explore the sacred sites, and the Fenghouling, Zhongtian Pavilion and Xuanyuan Temple in the misty rain are hidden from time to time, which makes people daydream.

Shi Zushan, formerly known as Juzi Mountain, is also known as Dagushan Mountain. It was renamed Shizushan in 1995 because it is said to be the place where Xuanyuan Huangdi often moves. Looking around, the ancestor peak is like Tianzhu, standing upright, leaning against the rolling Songshan Mountain, like a kind old man, overlooking the vast Huanghuai Plain in the East with deep affection; In the fog, it sometimes bends down and lies down, quiet as a virgin, like a wind, frost and rain sword, and sometimes holds its head high, raises its tail and moves like a dragon, intending to soar in the sky.

Panshan highway twists and turns, hovering on the mountainside, and its steep mountain is dazzling.

Bypassing a small mountain village, you are greeted by a huge and magnificent root carving gate engraved with the "Chinese Root Vein" inscribed by Li, former member of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and vice chairman of the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), when he visited Xinzheng on February 6, 2003.

After passing the archway of Shizu Mountain Scenic Area, I climbed the stairs and crossed the mountain gate, but I saw the stone tablet of "China Overseas Chinese Federation Patriotism Education Base" standing impressively on the south side of the mountain gate. Bypassing the Tianxin stone and passing through the Woods and vagina, you can see the pavilions and green trees in the villa, and one of the stone houses is particularly eye-catching. It is the sixth batch of national key cultural relics protection units announced by the State Council on March 29th, 2006, and it is listed in the history books.

Xuanyuan Temple was built in Han Dynasty, which has been more than two thousand years. Although the temple has been abolished several times, the stone house still exists and still stands. It sits west facing east and is made of bluestone. The lintel is engraved with the inscription "Mother of the Chinese Nation" by Lei Jieqiong, former vice chairman of the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), and there is a statue of Princess Huangdi and the first silkworm queen Lei Zu. The stone house is simple and elegant, with the legacy of Qin and Han dynasties. It is a place where people in past dynasties sacrificed their ancestors, Xuanyuan Huangdi.

History: When the Yellow Emperor rode the dragon to heaven, all the ministers and people were sad, and they all worshipped, remembering the ancestors' pioneering work, building the capital and founding the country, and creating the eternal merits of civilization. During the Warring States Period, it was recorded in Shi Ben that when the Yellow Emperor died, Minister Zuo Che cut wood for the statue of the Yellow Emperor, and led the ministers to build temples and make pious sacrifices. In the Spring and Autumn Period, Zheng's ruling son led his ministers to climb mountains to worship their ancestors, and later generations attacked each other and worshipped their ancestors for a long time. On the third day of the third month of the lunar calendar, the Yellow Emperor founded the capital, and hundreds of thousands of people from neighboring counties and counties had to climb mountains and climb mountains to gather in Xuanyuan Temple to burn incense to worship their ancestors. Over time, it became a famous folk temple fair.

In recent years, Liu Junjie of Yuzhou City has also traveled all over the hills of Juzi. Laoshanping is his most familiar place. A few years ago, Liu Junjie was here. In addition to finding a large number of rock inscriptions, he also found ancient stone tools such as stone hammers and stone sundials. While excavating these things, he also found what seemed to be an ancient hut site under his feet.

On the hillside of Laoshanping, there are a lot of houses built with stones. These stone houses have no roof, leaving only half a wall or foundation. They are very close together and arranged very neatly, as if they had been carefully planned. There are also narrow streets and hutongs.

Liu Junjie introduced that there are seven such "settlements" on five hills in this area, among which six "settlements" surround a "settlement", with a total of more than 500 stone houses, 1000, enough for two or three thousand people to live in.

Strangely, there are external walls and internal walls outside the stone house, which connect the five hills and become a tightly closed "world". Plants and trees are yellow in winter. Under the guidance of Liu Junjie, these marks are easy to recognize.

"This should be the village where ancient people lived. Who will be in the deep forest? " He consulted relevant documents and found that there were many records about the relationship between the Yellow Emperor and Jucishan. Whether it is Zhuangzi, works or local chronicles, there are records of the activities of the Yellow Emperor in Juzi Mountain, which are very detailed.

"History books say that this is the place where the Yellow Emperor activities. Will it be the capital of the Yellow Emperor? " After many textual researches, Liu Junjie boldly put forward another hypothesis.

The objects that support his view are stone hammers, stone sundials and other cultural relics that he found. He thinks these are stone tools used by the ancients.

From June 28th to 29th, 2008, many experts and scholars from Peking University, China Academy of Sciences, Henan Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Henan Museum, Henan Institute of Geography and other disciplines gathered at the top of Juzi, xinzheng city, Henan Province to observe and discuss the mysterious and rare rock paintings newly discovered in Juzi.

Professor Song of Peking University and researcher Zhou Kunshu of China Academy of Sciences jointly formed a field investigation team and went deep into the mountainous area for more than 20 days. During this period, the experts found two stratigraphic evidences of the lithograph symbols superimposed on the brown-red ancient soil in the Middle Holocene. Because this layer of maroon paleosoil was produced in the warm and humid environment in the middle Neogene at least 4,000 years ago, and there are more than 1000 symbols earlier than those in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, combined with the analysis of the overlapping relationship of many other environmental archaeological sites in the Central Plains, the age of the symbols engraved on this layer of maroon paleosoil should be no later than 4,000 years ago, about 4,000 ~ 8,000 years.

Some scholars boldly speculate that there are two possibilities for these sites: one is the active site of the Huangdi era (Huangdi City); These two symbols may also be related to Dayu's water control. At present, relevant experts at the scene are still investigating further.

There are bears in China. Comprehensive report)

Huangdi era architecture

We should deeply study the architecture of the Yellow Emperor era.

Author: Deputy Director of the Expert Committee of National Historical and Cultural Cities in Romania.

Entrusted by Mr. Peng Qingyun, the current president of China Cultural Relics Society, on behalf of China Cultural Relics Society, I would like to extend my warm congratulations to the conference!

I came to this meeting as a research on the architecture of the ancient capital of China. I am neither an archaeologist nor a historian, but Xinzheng has deep feelings for me. In the field of architecture, there are three predecessors in the epoch-making architectural history, and the most important one is Li Jie (Li Minzhong). His former residence is in Xinzheng. I have been to Xinzheng several times for this purpose, and I have also visited his cemetery. Now I have preliminarily designated it as a place, and I will use it as a memorial place in the future to attract architects from all over the country and even the world to visit this place. Li Jie's "Building French Style" is really remarkable, and it was also the most respected work in the world at that time. And this book inspired our modern scholars to discuss this ancient building. Xinzheng is a place with a long history and many cultural relics. I have also read a lot of materials, especially the Collection of Documents in the Hometown of the Yellow Emperor, which was given to me by xu teacher. There are many opinions about it.

I want to talk about my personal feelings. The first is the legend of Huang San. I always think that this legend, as Mr. Li Xueqin said just now, is an integral part of history, with many scientific things, not nonsense, which is in line with our historical development. Huang San has seven theories, which I think are completely in line with the law of our social development. For example, the legends of Fuxi, Shennong and Xuanyuan were later discovered among the Five Emperors, who started from the Yellow Emperor. I think they are in line with the development of our society. For example, Fuxi represents the era of fishing and hunting, Shennong is the era of farming, and Xuanyuan has gone further and entered a more civilized and developed stage, which is also proved by archaeological discoveries. There are also many sayings about the Five Emperors, one of which is Fuxi, Shennong, Huangdi and Yaoshun. Huangdi is a key figure, that is, he developed to a very important historical stage, so it is also proved from archaeology. I think this is credible, and this legend conforms to the law of development. I don't know if my point of view is correct. Whether Huang San or the Five Emperors, the Yellow Emperor is an important stage of development. I quite agree with the statement that the Yellow Emperor unified China in Xinzheng in the documentary "Into Xinzheng". We know that Qin Shihuang unified China, and the Yellow Emperor was earlier than him, so it was unified. I think the unification of China should start from the Yellow Emperor, and it is the national unification according to his deeds. I quite agree with this point. The great reunification of our Chinese nation should begin with the Yellow Emperor. In addition, I have a feeling that our tradition in China, as director Zhang Wenbin and Mr. Li Xueqin said just now, is not to forget our ancestors and the benefits they left us. Therefore, I think it is very, very necessary for us to commemorate our ancestors who made great contributions to the founding of our Chinese nation. Besides the Yellow Emperor, there are others. I think the Yellow Emperor is a relatively concentrated representative of this era. In addition, from the architectural point of view, I think we should start with the Yellow Emperor. I am engaged in architecture, so I also talked about the Yellow Emperor. China has the highest level of ancient architecture, the highest technology and the highest artistic value. The Yellow Emperor once built the 12 building, which is a true legend and documented. High-rise buildings in China have existed since ancient times, not in the west, but since the Yellow Emperor. There is such a record in the chronicle of bamboo books: in the sixty years of the Yellow Emperor, the phoenix nest in Aji. According to legends or historical records, the pavilions with the highest architectural skills and artistic value in China began in the era of the Yellow Emperor, which also shows that the first thing that Marxism said was to have food, clothing and shelter. After reading the literature collection of the Yellow Emperor's hometown, I found the information very good and convincing. I'd like to suggest whether to do some architectural research in the next step. There are two ways to develop architecture. One is cave dwelling, which develops from cave dwelling to palace. This is also a legend in Huang San, where a bird's nest was built with wood and a building was created. By the time of the Yellow Emperor, it was developed into a building with pavilions. I want to include this part of architecture in our research object, and also collect some historical documents of architecture at that time to enrich the content. In Xinzheng, apart from Li Jie, is the Yellow Emperor included in the scope of architectural research? As for how to study these legends and stories, it is necessary to supplement some scientific analysis, which can enrich the historical and cultural connotation of Xinzheng. I don't have much research in this field. I read the literature collection of past dynasties and saw the works of other experts and scholars. I will talk about this, please criticize and correct me!