Is halogen tungsten lamp an incandescent lamp?

Halogen lamp is a kind of gas-filled incandescent lamp, and its filling gas contains some halogen elements or halides.

In ordinary incandescent lamps, the high temperature of filament makes tungsten evaporate, and the evaporated tungsten precipitates on the glass bulb, which leads to the phenomenon that the glass bulb turns black. 1959, people invented the halogen tungsten lamp, and this blackening phenomenon was eliminated by using the circulation principle of halogen tungsten lamp.

structure

In order to make the halide produced at the lamp wall in gaseous state, the wall temperature of tungsten halogen lamp is much higher than that of ordinary incandescent lamp. Therefore, the bulb size of tungsten halogen lamp is much smaller, and high-temperature resistant timely glass or hard glass must be used. Due to the small size, high strength, high allowable air pressure and high working temperature of glass bulb, the working air pressure in the lamp is much higher than that of ordinary inflatable bulb. Because the evaporation of tungsten in the tungsten halogen lamp is more effectively suppressed, and the blackening of the bulb is eliminated through the circulation of the tungsten halogen lamp, the working temperature and luminous efficiency of the filament can be greatly improved, and the service life of the lamp can be correspondingly prolonged.

Tungsten halogen lamps are divided into two types: main high-voltage tungsten halogen lamps (which can be directly connected to 220V-240V power supply) and low-voltage tungsten halogen lamps (which need to be equipped with corresponding transformers). Low-pressure tungsten halogen lamp has the advantages of relatively long life and safety performance.

The secret of choosing tungsten halogen lamp: color temperature, life, safety, whether to remove ultraviolet rays.

Halogen lamps are tungsten lamps filled with halogen elements or halides such as bromine and iodine, which are called halogen lamps or tungsten halogen lamps. This is a new generation of incandescent lamps.

In order to improve the luminous efficiency of incandescent lamp, it is necessary to increase the temperature of tungsten filament, but this will cause the evaporation of tungsten and make the glass bulb black.

Incandescent lamps are filled with halogen elements or halides, and the blackening phenomenon of incandescent lamp glass shell can be eliminated by using the principle of tungsten halogen cycle. This is the origin of halogen lamps.

However, in order to ensure the normal circulation of tungsten halide, the size of the glass shell must be greatly reduced to increase the glass shell temperature (generally, the glass shell temperature in iodine tungsten lamp is 250-600℃, and the glass shell temperature in tungsten bromide lamp is 200- 1 100℃), so that the tungsten halide in the lamp is in a gaseous state. Therefore, the glass shell of halogen lamp must adopt timely glass with high temperature resistance and high mechanical strength.

Its structure includes double-ended straight tube, single-ended cylindrical and reflective. Halogen lamps are often called quartz lamp because timely glass is used as a glass shell. Among them, reflective halogen lamps are often called cup lamps because of their reflective cups.

Tungsten halogen lamp power is 5W, 10W, 15W, 20W, 30W, 35W, 40W, 50W, 60W, 70W, 100W, 150W, 200W, 250W. The working voltages are 6V, 12V, 24V, 28V, 1 10V and 220V. There are screws (E 10, E 1 1, E 14, etc. ), plug-in type (GU5.3, GX5.3, GY6.35, GZ4 and G8, etc. ) and direct derivation. There are cup lamps with and without front cover. The diameter of the cup mouth is 25mm(MR8), 35mm(MR 1 1) and 50 mm(MR 16). The reflection angles are 8, 10, 12, 20, 24, 30, 36, 40 and 60.

principle

spread

The process of tungsten halide circulation is as follows: under appropriate temperature conditions, the tungsten evaporated from the filament reacts with halogen substances in the bubble wall area to generate volatile tungsten halide compounds. Because the bubble wall temperature is high enough (250℃), the tungsten halide compound is in a gaseous state, and when it diffuses to the area around the hot filament, it is differentiated into halogen and tungsten. A part of the released tungsten returns to the filament, while the halogen continues to participate in the cycle.

Halogens such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine can produce tungsten regeneration cycle. The main difference between them lies in the temperature required for cyclic reaction and the degree of interaction with other substances in the lamp. A large number of bromine tungsten lamps and iodine tungsten lamp lamps are produced, and some lamps also use chlorine as a recycling agent.

clear

The luminous principle of all incandescent lamps is realized by using the principle that objects emit light when heated and the principle of thermal radiation. The simplest incandescent lamp is to connect enough current to the filament, which will glow when heated to incandescent state, but the life of this incandescent lamp will be quite short.

The incandescent lamps we see all adopt the following technologies, all of which are designed to make the incandescent lamps last longer and be more convenient to use: vacuum glass tube (to reduce the degree of filament oxidation), lamp holder (to facilitate you to plug the bulb into the lamp holder), filling inert gas (to reduce the degree of filament oxidation at high temperature) and so on.

The biggest difference between halogen bulbs and incandescent lamps is that the glass shell of halogen lamps is filled with some halogen gas (usually iodine or bromine). Its working principle is that when the filament heats up, tungsten atoms are evaporated and move to the glass tube wall. When it approaches the glass tube wall, the tungsten vapor cools to about 800℃ and combines with halogen atoms to form tungsten halide (tungsten iodide or tungsten bromide). Tungsten halide continues to move to the center of the glass tube and returns to the oxidized filament. Because tungsten halide is a very unstable compound, it will decompose into halogen vapor and tungsten again after heating, so that tungsten will be deposited on the filament to make up for the evaporated part. Through this recycling process, not only the service life of filament is greatly prolonged (almost four times that of incandescent lamp), but also higher brightness, higher color temperature and higher luminous efficiency are obtained because filament can work at higher temperature.

classify

Tungsten halogen lamps are divided into six categories according to their uses: ① Lighting tungsten halogen lamps. It is also divided into three types: high-voltage double-ended lamp, low-voltage single-ended lamp and multi-plane cold reflection low-voltage directional lighting, which are widely used in indoor lighting such as shops, windows, exhibition halls and families. (2) Automotive tungsten halogen lamps. It is also divided into headlights, low beam lights, turn signals, brake lights and so on. (3) Halogen tungsten lamps with infrared and ultraviolet radiation. Infrared irradiation tungsten halogen lamp is used in heating equipment and copying machine, and ultraviolet irradiation tungsten halogen lamp has been used in the curing process of dental curing powder. ④ Tungsten halogen lamps for photography. It has replaced the ordinary tungsten filament incandescent lamp in the lighting of stage film and television and news photography. (5) Instrument tungsten halogen lamp. Used in modern optical instruments such as microscopes, projectors, slides and medical instruments. ⑥ Cold reflector tungsten halogen lamp. Used in portable film machines, slide projectors, medical and industrial endoscopes, dental surgery coloring and curing, color photo printing and other optical instruments.

trait

Halogen lamps keep pace with the times. The light they emit is strong and "cold", which means that the intensity of light emitted by halogen lamps is much higher than that of incandescent lamps, which can make the color of objects more dazzling.

The special feature of halogen lamp is that it can make the surface color of objects more vivid and bring out charming flicker effect. Because the lamps are very small and exquisite in size, complete in variety and specifications, and there are many angles to choose from from from narrow to wide, which provides great creative space for professional lighting design. From an economic point of view, halogen lamps are particularly "bright". For example, incandescent lamps need to consume 75W to achieve a luminous flux of 960 lumens, while halogen lamps only need about 50 W. ..

differentiate

1879, Edison invented the first incandescent lamp (carbon filament incandescent lamp), which opened the first technological revolution of lighting source. Incandescent lamps have short life, low luminous efficiency, but high color rendering. The second generation lighting source is halogen lamp, which emits much higher light intensity than incandescent lamp and reduces energy consumption by about one third.

Metal halide lamp is named because the bulb is full of metal halide. Its basic structure and luminous principle are similar to those of fluorescent tubes, but the difference is that arc discharge emits light, which produces high heat, and metal halide sublimates into steam, which directly emits visible light, saving energy by 80% to 90%, belonging to the third generation lighting source.

Metal halide lamp is the third generation green lighting source after incandescent lamp and halogen lamp. It has the advantages of high luminous efficiency, good color rendering, long service life, etc. It is not only the first choice for high-end cars, rear projection televisions and other light sources, but also widely used in military, exploration, underwater operation, field search and rescue and other fields.