The original text of Shu Dao Nan

The original article "Difficult to Shudao" 1 Difficult to Shudao

Dynasty: Tang Dynasty

Author: Li Bai

Original text:

Hey, hey, it's dangerous! The difficulty of Shu Dao is difficult to go to the sky!

Until the two rulers of this area forced their way through in the foggy age!

Forty-eight thousand years have passed. Don't talk to Qin Sai.

And Dabaishan, to the west, still has only one bird path, all the way to the peak of Emei.

Once it was broken by an earthquake, some brave people lost it, and then the ladder stone pile was hooked.

On the high flag, six dragons drive the sun, and far below, the river lashes its twisted channel.

Such a height is difficult for a yellow crane, poor monkey, they only have claws to use. (climbing: climbing)

The Green Mud Mountain is made up of many circles. For every hundred steps, we have to turn nine times in the middle of its mound.

Panting, we passed Orion, passed Jingxing, and then fell to the ground with our arms folded and groaned.

We don't know whether this road to the west will never end. The road ahead is getting darker and darker.

Nothing can be heard except the cries of birds surrounded by ancient forests. The male bird rotates smoothly and follows the female bird.

Jathyapple, what comes to us is the melancholy voice of Du Fu, a sad empty mountain.

It's hard to get through the Shu Road, and it's hard to get to the sky. It turns pale when you smell it!

The highest cliff is less than a foot from heaven, and the withered pine trees hang low on the cliff surface.

One thousand waterfalls rushed forward one after another, sending out the thunder of rotating stones in ten thousand valleys.

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Ah ah! How noble and majestic!

Shu Dao is really difficult to climb, and it is almost impossible to ascend to heaven.

Legend has it that Can Cong and Yufu established Shu, and the founding date is too long to discuss in detail.

After that, about 48,000 years, Qin and Shu were separated by the Qinling Mountains and did not communicate with each other.

There are paths that birds can cross in Taibai Mountain in the west. You can cross the top of Mount Emei from that path.

The five strong men of Shu were crushed to death by the landslide, and the ladder and plank roads between the two places began to connect.

There are hilltops that block the Six Dragon Cars of the Sun God, and winding rivers that are drained by huge waves.

The yellow crane who is good at flying high can't fly. Even if he wants to climb over, he is worried that he can't climb up.

How does the winding Qingniling hover around the mountain, and the surrounding rocks turn nine times within a hundred steps.

Hold your breath and look up. You can touch the well, and you can sigh by touching your chest.

Good friend, when will you return your westward journey?

The terrible rocky mountain plank road is really difficult to climb!

I saw the sad bird whining on the old tree; Male and female birds fly each other in the virgin forest.

What I heard on the moonlit night was the sad cry of the cuckoo, which made me sad. What a desolate empty mountain!

It's hard to walk on the Shu Road. It is difficult to go to the sky. Why don't people suddenly change their faces when they hear this?

The peaks are connected together, less than a foot from the sky; The withered old branches hung upside down and got stuck between the cliffs.

Swirls and waterfalls scramble to make noise; Water and stones collide and rotate, just like a thousand valleys are thundering.

This place is so bad and dangerous that it has come to this;

Alas, why did you, a guest from afar, come to this dangerous place?

The land of Jiange is towering into the sky, and it is difficult to attack as long as one person guards a thousand troops.

If the accredited officials are not their close relatives; Being a jackal is inevitable, and this is not rebellion.

In the morning, you should avoid the tiger in fear; Be alert to the disaster of the long snake at night.

Jackals, tigers and leopards have prepared their teeth and fangs, which is really disturbing; Poisonous snakes and beasts kill people like hemp, which makes people tremble with fear.

Although Jinguancheng is a happy place; So sinister, it is better to return to China early.

Shu Dao is too difficult to walk, and it is almost impossible to go to heaven; Looking sideways to the west makes people feel sorry and sigh!

To annotate ...

(1) "Difficulties in Shu Dao": Ancient Yuefu title, which belongs to "harmony songs and tonal songs".

(2) Alas, exclamations, in Shu dialect, express surprise. Song Yao noted that Duke Wen Jing of Song Dynasty: "Shu people are amazed at things, so they say' alas, alas'."

(3) Can Cong and Yufu: the names of two legendary kings in ancient Shu. He vacant: It's hard to verify. H: how? At a loss: cold eyes. Refers to ancient legends that are too old to be detailed. According to the Records of Yang Xiong and Shu in the Western Han Dynasty, Yu Fan and Pu Ze were the first kings of Shu. ..... From enlightenment to Can Cong, I have been thirty-four thousand years old. "

(4) Second: Since then. 48,000 years old: extremely long, exaggerated and approximate. Qin fortress: the fortress of Qin refers to the land of Qin State. Qin is surrounded by mountains and rivers, so it is called "the land of four blockades". Transportation: personnel exchanges.

(5) West: West is right. When: face, face. Taibai: Taibai Mountain, also known as Taiyi Mountain, is in the west of Chang 'an (now Meixian County and Taibai County in Shaanxi Province). Bird path: refers to the low gap between continuous mountains, only birds can fly over, and no one can. Crossing: crossing. Emei Mountain: the peak of Emei.

(6) Once broken by an earthquake, a brave man died: "Huayang Kingdom and Shu Zhi": According to legend, King Hui of Qin wanted to conquer Shu, knowing that Shu was lewd, and promised him five beautiful women. King Shu sent five strong men to meet people. When I returned to Zitong (now south of Jiange, Sichuan), I saw a big snake enter the cave and a strong man grabbed its tail. Four other people also came to help and pulled it out. Soon, the earth fell and the strong men and beautiful women were crushed to death. The mountains are divided into five mountains, and the roads are smooth. This is the famous "Five Dingshan" story. Destruction: collapse. Ladder: A very steep mountain road. Stone stack: plank road.

(7) Six dragons return to Japan: "Huainanzi" Note: "Take a car every day and drive six dragons. What is Xi? Today is thinner than Yu Garden, why have you returned? " A thorn is a dragon. High standard: refers to the highest mountain peak in Shushan, which can be used as a sign of one side. Surge: a wave that is impacted by a current, which here refers to rapids. Reverse folding: the current vortex. Huichuan: A river with a whirlpool.

(8) Yellow Crane: oriole (Hú), a big bird that is good at flying. Jean: Still. D: yes. Náo: The most crawling monkey in Shushan.

(9) Green mud: Green mud ridge is located in the south of Huixian County, Gansu Province and the north of Lueyang County, Shaanxi Province. "Yuanhe County Records" Volume 22: "Qingniling, 53 miles northwest of the county, meets Luxi, which is also this road. The cliff is Wan Ren, the mountains are cloudy and rainy, and walkers often encounter mud, so it is called Qingniling. " Dishes: The twists and turns. 10% off: 100 steps to nine turns. Tangle: to coil. Rock Mountain: A mountain peak.

(10) ginseng calendar well: ginseng (shēn) and well are the names of two stars. The ancients assigned the stars in the sky to the state on the ground, which was called "dividing fields", and predicted the state on the ground by observing the astronomical phenomena. Shen Xing is the dividing line of Shu and Jingxing is the dividing line of Qin. Men: touch it with your hands. Calendar: After that. Hold your breath: Hold your breath and don't dare to breathe. False: chest. Sit: ACTS, empty.

(1 1) Jun: a friend who went to Shu. Fear of the road: a terrible road. Xiuyan: a dangerous and steep mountain wall.

(12) But see: I only heard its voice. 1 ancient tree: crowing loudly among ancient trees. Follow: follow.

(13) sub-rules: That is, the cuckoo has the most places in Sichuan and sings very sadly. If the cloud is "not as good as going home". Ji Shu said: "Once upon a time, there was a man named Du Mingyu. His name was Wang Shu, and his nickname was Wang Di. Yu is dead. It is said that Du Yu has become a sub-gauge. Zigui is also called a bird. Shu people all look to the emperor when they hear the voice of your son. " These two sentences were also interrupted as "On the empty mountain, under the lonely moon, we heard cuckoo's melancholy voice", but they were not so smooth.

(14) Fade blushing cheeks: blushing cheeks are sad and fade like flowers. Use, manufacture. Fading here means that the face turns from rosy to livid.

(15) Go: Distance. English: I'm full.

(16) tuān: a torrent rushing down. Huρ: Noisy, here refers to the loud noise made by rapids and waterfalls. Edge (pρng) cliff: the sound of water hitting the stone. The sound of water hitting the stone wall is used here as a verb, meaning to hit. Turn around and roll. Gully: Valley.

(17) Eh: Eh. Joel: You. Hu Wei: Why? Come: refers to entering Shu.

(18) Jiange: Also known as Jiange Gate, it is a plank road between Dajianshan and Xiaojianshan in northern Jiange County, Sichuan Province, with a length of about 30 miles. Magnificence and Cui Wei all describe the "appearance" of the mountain. A man: One person. Officer: keep the customs. Mokai: I can't open it.

(19) Guard: refers to the person who guards the pass. Or relatives of bandits: If you are not trustworthy. Bandit, use "no".

(20) Chao: In the morning. Suck: Suck.

(2 1) Jincheng: Chengdu was famous for cotton production in ancient times. The imperial court once set up an official here to collect cotton fabrics, so it was called Jincheng or Jinguancheng. "Yuanhe County Records" Volume 31 Jiannan Road Chengdu County: "Jincheng is ten miles south of the county, so Jinguan City is also." Chengdu, Sichuan today.

(22) consultation: sigh.

You've come a long way at all risks! (If this is also true)

Although the pass of the watchtower is strong and steep, one person guards it and ten thousand people can't beat it.

What if he is not loyal, but a wolf to his companions? .

There are scary hungry tigers during the day and poisonous reptiles at night; With their teeth and fangs, they kill like hemp.

Although the Silk City is beautiful, I'd rather go home soon.

It's hard to get through the Shu Road, but it's hard to get into the sky. Look sideways to the west and ask for advice!

Creation background

There have been many speculations about the creation background of Shu Dao Nan since the Tang Dynasty. There are four main opinions: first, this poem is worried about Fang Yi and Du Fu, hoping that they will leave Sichuan as soon as possible to avoid being killed by Yanwu; Secondly, this poem was written for Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty who fled to Shu to avoid the Anshi Rebellion, urging him to return to Chang 'an to avoid being held hostage by local warlords in Sichuan. C, this poem aims to satirize Zhang Qiu, the governor of Shu at that time. Joan wanted to be independent and didn't listen to the constraints of the court; Ding, this poem is purely about mountains and rivers, and it has no meaning.

This poem was first seen in He Yueling Photo Album compiled by Yin Kun in the 12th year of Tianbao of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (753). Therefore, the writing age of Li Bai's poem should be before He Yueling's Album was published at the latest. At that time, the Anshi rebellion had not yet occurred, and Fang (Yan) and Du Fu had not yet entered Sichuan. Therefore, the two statements of A and B are obviously wrong. As for the satire of Zhang Qiu and Joan, judging from the relevant records in some historical books, it is also unfounded. Zhang Qiu and Joan have always dreamed of being an official in Chang 'an. Relatively speaking, the last statement is more objective and closer to the actual work.

This may be a poem for a friend. Some scholars believe that this poem may have been written by Li Bai when he sent his good friend Wang Yan to Shu in Chang 'an from the first year to the third year (742-744), in order to persuade Wang Yan not to detain Shu and return to Chang 'an as soon as possible, so as not to be caught by jealous villains. Some scholars believe that this poem was given to a friend by Li Baichu as a gift when he entered Chang 'an in Kaiyuan.

Brief introduction of the author

Like Li Bai (70 1-762), Li Bai is the most unique and greatest romantic poet after Qu Yuan. He has the reputation of "poetic immortal" and is also called "Du Li" with Du Fu. His poems are mainly lyrical, showing the arrogant spirit of contempt for powerful people, expressing sympathy for people's sufferings, being good at depicting natural scenery and expressing his love for the mountains and rivers of the motherland. The poetic style is magnificent and bold, the imagination is rich, the language flows naturally, the melody is harmonious and changeable, and it is good at absorbing nutrients and materials from folk literature and myths and legends, which constitutes its unique magnificent and gorgeous color and reaches the peak of poetic art in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. There are more than 1000 poems, including 30 volumes of Li Taibai's Collection.

Difficult Shu Road Original 2 Difficult Shu Road is an old topic in Yuefu's "Harmony Songs and Tones", and this poem by Li Bai is a re-development of traditional themes. There are different opinions on the theme of this poem, and I think it has something to do with political reality. The poem was written in the early years of Tianbao, and Li Baichu entered Chang 'an. At that time, the seemingly prosperous Tang Dynasty was hiding and brewing a crisis of decline and chaos. Those who are independent in the buffer region and covet it are not disciples. The emotion expressed at the end of the poem is aimed at the current situation and contains the poet's hidden worries. With the help of myths and legends and folk proverbs, the poem gallops with rich and strange imagination, and depicts the strangeness and preciseness of Shu Road almost perfectly with exaggerated methods. Yin of the Tang Dynasty? Praising this poem "can be described as strange, since the poet, there is little such style." According to legend, after reading Shu Dao Nan, He Zhangzhi said, "Praise is four, and the number is' fallen immortals'".

This is a poem that surprises ancient and modern scholars.

The beginning of the poem, out of thin air, immediately resounded through the sky. The poet superimposed three exclamation points, juxtaposed two adjectives with one modal particle, and highlighted the difficulty of Shu Dao with another metaphor. This poem is magnificent and left a deep impression on readers.

Then according to the route from Qin to Shu (Chang 'an-Taibai Mountain-Emei Mountain-Qingniling-Jiange-Chengdu), the writing difficulty of Shu Dao is explained in detail.

Write down the difficulty of opening the Shu Road first. It is exaggerated in the poem that since the founding of the People's Republic of China 48,000 years ago, Shu has been "out of touch with Qin Sai" until Wu Dingli dragged a snake and died in a landslide, which promoted the construction of Shu Road. This tragic fairy tale adds many magical colors to Shu Dao, and indirectly shows the wisdom and strength of ancient working people.

The writing difficulty of the trip to Shu Dao. Based on the myth and imagination of "Six Dragons Return to the Sun", Huang Hefei's climbing and climbing are compared, and sad birds and regulations are used as a foil to describe the high and dangerous mountains. It is extremely dangerous to describe the rapidity of water with the direct description of "rushing forward against the current" and "flying down, flying down" and the exaggerated technique of "turning cliffs into stones and thundering".

The difficulty of personnel writing in Shu Dao. Jiange's position is dangerous, easy to defend but difficult to attack. There are many precedents in history for insurrection. Then the poet worried about the country and the people and warned the authorities to take history as a mirror to prevent local warlords from taking risks and harming the people.

The final conclusion of the article is the result of the difficulty in writing Shu Dao. Pedestrians sigh at Shu, helpless, and endless words.

The poet galloped freely with the unpredictable brushwork of ghosts and gods, from the beginning of chaos 48 thousand years ago to the Warring States period and then to the middle Tang Dynasty; In space, it spans several mountains from Chang 'an to Chengdu, from the peak of skyscrapers to the deep valley of rapids; Others, from pedestrians to birds and beasts, from myths and legends to today's world ... are full of ups and downs, thrilling and vividly rendering the hardships of Shu Road.

This poem is a Yuefu poem with free form. The number of words in each sentence varies from three to eleven, and then it is uneven, with three rhymes, which is very suitable for expressing the ingenious nature and the passionate thoughts and feelings of the poet. Poetry is a fusion of myths, legends, proverbs, landscapes, personnel and psychology, with rich and peculiar imagination, novelty and originality in exaggeration, combination of reality and reality, and blending of scenes. The phrase "Shu Dao is difficult to learn, and it is difficult to go to the sky" appeared three times before and after, repeated chanting, and the content deepened one after another, which produced thrilling artistic effects and strong artistic appeal.

The whole poem fully embodies the romantic characteristics of poetry from form to content.