What are the folk customs in Hai 'an?

From October to December in the lunar calendar, the main festivals are October Dynasty, Laba Festival, sending stoves and New Year's Eve. After entering 10, the villagers began to engage in winter leisure sideline, such as weaving dustpans, brooms and slippers, and rushing to make waterwheel parts, ready to go on sale next spring. From 1 1 month to winter solstice, it entered a cold winter. December of the lunar calendar is called the twelfth lunar month, from the twentieth of the twelfth lunar month to New Year's Eve, and the days are counted by the number of nights. During this period, all families should dust and clean up and make steamed cakes, steamed bread, rice cakes and so on. Some people also pickled salted fish and bacon. Every household should wash clothes and bedding on sunny days, and the folk song says, "If you have money, you can wash it in the New Year.". Barber shops and bathrooms are busy because of "haircut and bath". On the evening of 26th and 27th, people offered sacrifices to God to bid farewell to the New Year, and the shops ate wine for the New Year. On the night of 20th to 29th, there was a full-time night watchman in the market town, knocking on bamboo rafts with lanterns to remind people of fire prevention and theft prevention. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, local government departments paid more attention to winter defense, organized militia and staff to patrol at night, and did a good job in security.

The October Dynasty was called "October Dynasty" on the first day of October in the lunar calendar. Graves were filled in a few days before and after, and sacrifices were similar to those in Tomb-Sweeping Day. It is a custom to cook glutinous rice to send flies, while Hedong cooks red bean rice to send flies. According to the old custom in Bao Li, a Town God meeting will be held on the same day. Cattle are washed in Hedong area 10, and cattle rest is started in winter. Beating an old cow is often eliminated.

Winter to Sunday Winter to Sunday is around 65438+February 22nd in Gregorian calendar. It was a small winter the day before, and every family worshiped their ancestors and burned paper. The solstice of winter, also known as winter, is the custom of eating jiaozi in the morning everywhere. In the evening, there is a reunion dinner, and all shops and workshops have "winter wine", commonly known as "winter is like a year". There is also a winter sacrifice ceremony in Hedong. Count to nine from the winter solstice. The winter solstice has the shortest day and the longest night, so there is a proverb: "There is no night on the winter solstice, and there is no riding on the summer solstice."

Legend has it that the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month is the enlightenment day of Sakyamuni Buddha. Folks imitate the custom of temple shops and cook "Laba porridge" with glutinous rice, soybeans, peanuts, arrowheads, vegetables and red beans. Rich people with high salaries put red dates, chestnuts, fruits, herbs, mushrooms, fungus and so on. , known as "eight-treasure porridge". Buddhist believers eat noodles in the evening to wish the "Infinite Life Buddha" and other families a banquet. There is still the custom of eating Laba porridge today.

On the 24th of the twelfth lunar month, every family sends a stove and prays that those in charge of the kitchen will "speak well in heaven and keep peace in the next world". Generally, there are four kinds of sacrifices: caramel (the mouth of the kitchen god is sealed), tea and rice (symbolizing the safety of life), tofu (the homonym of "rich"), broken red bean straw (the feed of the kitchen god), and Hedong people also provide distiller's grains. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), this custom was gradually abandoned.

New Year's Eve December 30th (the 29th day of the twelfth lunar month) is New Year's Eve, commonly known as "Thirty Nights". The day before New Year's Eve is New Year's Eve, and most people worship their ancestors at noon. Some people worship their ancestors at noon on New Year's Eve. It's an old rice bowl made in Japan. Before New Year's Eve, every household was very busy. Steamed cakes, new year's dishes, fried peanuts, broad beans, rice, tea and new year's goods must be prepared at this stage. On New Year's Eve, the eaves of the old customs should be decorated with red paper, yellow paper and sesame stalks, and the doors should be pasted with red wedding invitations, Spring Festival couplets and door gods; In the hall, there are New Year pictures and, incidentally, the word "Fu" upside down, which is the homonym of "Fu Dao". In the first year, the Spring Festival couplets of mourning houses were pasted with yellow paper, in the second year, green paper and in the third year, red paper. Clean the inside and outside of every house, and wrap pu with lime outside the door and on the head of the field to make "golden ingots" or "unicorn footprints". On New Year's Eve, the ancestors were worshipped and the kitchen god was received. The family gave a banquet to eat "Shounian wine". Generally, we should make more New Year's Eve dinners, and leave the rest for the New Year to eat "old meals"; If you want to keep a whole rice crust, it's called "Migen", put it on a plate, insert cypress branches and sesame seeds, decorate it with ginkgo, peanuts and copper coins, paste yellow paper money and the god of wealth, and put it on the shrine. After the banquet, clean the kitchen, clean the kitchen surface and pot room, and fill the water tank and bucket. Before going to bed, the elders should give the younger generation "pressure (keep) money"; Put candy, dates and longevity fruit (peanuts with shells) on everyone's pillows to eat at the pillow for the New Year; New clothes, new hats, new shoes and socks are also distributed in the New Year. Some families in Hedong stay up all night, waiting for their children, which is called "keeping the old age", and the lucky money will not be distributed until after breakfast on the first day of the first year. On New Year's Eve, firecrackers continued all night. After the founding of New China, superstitious activities on New Year's Eve were basically abolished. After 1980s, TV sets became popular in urban and rural areas, and it became a new trend for families to watch CCTV Spring Festival Evening on New Year's Eve.

"Hai 'an Flower Drum" is a cultural brand of Hai 'an, and participated in a special performance for the central leaders in Huairentang, Zhongnanhai, Beijing. Participated in the 50th anniversary National Day party held in Tiananmen Square; In the national folk square song and dance competition, he won the highest prize in national folk literature and art-"Mountain Flower Award"; Won the gold medal of "Stars Award" in the selection of "Stars Award", the highest government award for mass culture of the Ministry of Culture; Together with more than 60 song and dance performance teams from five continents and three provinces and cities nationwide, they participated in the costume parade of the International Tourism and Culture Festival hosted by the Beijing Municipal People's Government on Ping 'an Street in Beijing. People have closely linked the "Flower Drum in Hai 'an" with the cultural image of Hai 'an, a new city near the river.

The spread of "Hai 'an Flower Drum" in Hai 'an can be traced back to Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty. "Mingzhai Zhenzhi Guangling Yunshi" records that "the flower drum has been passed down for 30 years, and it has changed repeatedly, starting from men, following women, starting from day and night, starting from townships, following towns and cities, starting from villagers and continuing to Wandi". In the branch of "Bamboo Branches in Hailing" (1864), which was the third year of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty, it was said: "When the village is safe, it will be done. Witch songs and dances have been performed over the years, and drums have been cut in the town, which makes people stay overnight." It shows that the flower drum was widely circulated at that time. In 1930s and 1940s, the activities of flower drum in Haian Jiaoxie area were still very active. From this calculation, the flower drum has been circulating in Hai 'an area for more than 400 years.

Hai 'an Flower Drum, like Northern Jiangsu Flower Drum, Fishing Basket Flower Drum and Southern Jiangsu Flower Drum, belonged to the traditional opera performance of singing and dancing before the Ming Dynasty, and its main part was that "two plays" were ugly once or "three plays" were ugly once for a lifetime. "Haian Flower Drum" belongs to the latter. The main part of the flower drum performance consists of Red Lady (Dan), Sao Dazi (Ugly) and Xianggong (Sheng). Song and dance performances are called "seedling-removing drums" or "threshing". Today's "Hai 'an Flower Drum" is the development and innovation of song and dance performances. Because of the distinctive regional and ethnic characteristics of folk dance, Hai 'an Flower Drum, which is derived from "different styles and customs in ten miles", has been circulating in Hai 'an for more than 400 years. Influenced by the natural and human environment in this particular region, it shows the life of village girls in the land of plenty with clear streams and lush Tian He, and the life of fishermen in the Yellow Sea fishing village with their backs on the grange, showing their warm and soft personality. In particular, the dance language of "nodding, shaking shoulders, stretching arms and relaxing wrists" and "getting out of the crotch first and trembling gradually" shows the leisurely working life of the village girl and the fisherman, and contains the happy feelings of the village girl and the fisherman. The personality characteristics of this diverse "Hai 'an Flower Drum Lantern" are different from the indulgence of "holding the donkey flower drum", but highlight the unique inner world of the villagers and fishermen in this area, which is both simple and innocent, dignified and gentle, and belongs to the kind of "feminine person" described by Yao Nai, a scholar of Tongcheng School in Qing Dynasty. Its scene presents the feminine beauty of "Dongsheng is like the wind, like a cloud, like a cloud, like a smoke, like a forest, like a torrent, like the splendor of pearls, like the sound of a swan entering the Liao Gallery".

At the end of 1950s, Hai 'an Cultural Center began to collect and sort out "Hai 'an Flower Drum". With the development of economy, the progress of the times, people's social life style and aesthetic taste, it developed in inheritance and innovated in development. He has won awards in provincial and municipal performances in the form of group dance "Spring Flower Drum" for men and women and drama dance "Flower Drum Love", and won favorable comments in the performance in Jinjing. In recent years, it combines the essence of flower drum performances from all over Jiangsu, with Jiangsu folk music as the main theme, and is arranged into a parade performance square with 320 people participating in the performance and a square folk dance with 40 people participating in the performance. He won many awards in national performing arts competitions and became a well-known Haian cultural brand in China.

From the first month of the lunar calendar to March, the main festivals are Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, February 2nd, Tomb-Sweeping Day and so on. In the first month, the festive atmosphere was very strong. Most people visit relatives and friends in the New Year. People have fun, drink spring wine, play mahjong, beat gongs and drums and play lanterns ... There is a Lantern Festival in the middle of the first month. From the first half of the first month to the beginning of February, farmers planted trees one after another. March is mainly about sweeping graves and flying kites around Tomb-Sweeping Day. In addition, the old custom of February 12 is called "Hundred Flowers Birthday", and people decorate their fruit trees and flowers with small red stripes, which is called "hanging red" to pray for a hundred flowers to blossom and fruitful branches. This custom is no longer popular today.

Spring Festival The first day of the first lunar month, formerly known as New Year's Day, is commonly known as New Year's Day. In the old custom, the elderly stay in bed in the early hours of the morning and listen to the sounds of animals in nature to predict their luck for a year. Every household is scrambling to burn incense and shoot guns to catch up with the world, especially those who burn "head incense" early in the morning, mostly to pray for more men or prosperity at home. Hedong people get up late, and every household gets up late in the morning. In the morning, housewives go into the kitchen, fry eggs, warm fruit tea and hot white soup pork with "old fire", and give them to the elderly at home to eat on the shop. Others eat jujube tea, Yuanbao tea and glutinous rice cakes after getting up. After breakfast, in natural residential areas, young and middle-aged families go door-to-door to pay New Year greetings in droves, and their hosts treat them with cigarettes, tea, peanuts and candy. Town shops send each other New Year red cards and throw them through the door. Burn incense and worship God at noon (also known as "climbing high" to thank God). Don't sweep the floor, splash water, use scales or use knives and scissors before lunch. There is still the custom of eating old rice on the first day of the Lunar New Year. Hebei people eat old rice and leftovers from the New Year's Eve dinner at noon (called "raw rice") and noodles at night (called longevity noodles); People in Henan and Hedong eat old rice at night and glutinous rice at noon. According to the custom, dinner should be advanced and you should go to bed without lighting, thinking that this can reduce mosquitoes in summer. Since the second day of junior high school, families have visited relatives and friends and paid New Year greetings to each other. On the second day of New Year's Day, it is inevitable that polite people will pay New Year greetings to landlords and bosses, son-in-law will pay New Year greetings to parents-in-law with his wife and children, and sons and nephews in Hedong will pay New Year greetings to uncles and uncles. Friends and relatives invite each other for spring wine, which is called "please spring" and usually ends on the fifteenth day of the first month. Rural areas in Hedong area call spring wine "Dragon Lantern", which lasts until February and a half. On the second day of the lunar new year, farmers went to the land temple (shrine) to worship the land father-in-law, the land empress and the waxing master, praying for good weather and no insect disaster in the fields. Therefore, every day, the store worships Tan Xuan Bodhisattva (Lord Zhao Gongming, the God of Wealth) and holds drinks to entertain employees.

The fifth day of the first month is "God of Wealth Day", also known as "Five Days", and all shops are open for business. Shopkeepers attach great importance to "respecting the God of Wealth". Since the evening of the fourth day, a statue of the God of Wealth has been posted at the door of every store. Shopkeepers bathed and changed clothes, some stayed up all night, and prepared three sacrificial ceremonies (pig head, rooster and flower fish, commonly known as "six eyes"). At midnight, they got up to burn incense and "pick up the god of wealth", and firecrackers continued.

If a woman buys her first business in the new year, it is called "full (parent) business" and the price is favorable. Poor folk artists dressed in costumes, dressed as the god of wealth, beat gongs and drums, and went to various shops to make money and seek rewards, which was called "jumping the god of wealth". In the evening, the shopkeeper invited the workers to eat "God of Wealth Wine".

Hai 'an custom takes the first day to the fifth day as the "five-day year", and people wear new clothes, hats and shoes. Because "cotton" and "mildew" are homophonic, it is forbidden to wear cotton shoes in some areas. Red lanterns are hung high in front of the eaves of various houses in Hebei, and are called "sky lanterns" from the first night of the first month to the eighteenth day of the first month.

Lantern Festival The fifteenth day of the first month is the Lantern Festival, also known as Lantern Festival and Shangyuan Festival. "Thirteen lights are on, eighteen lights are off", which is the flowering period of the lights, and the fifteenth day of the first month is its climax. During this period, farmers hung paper red lanterns (covered with rain caps) on bamboo poles and lit them every night to pray for a bumper harvest. Those who ask God to make a wish because of eye diseases are from the first day to the thirtieth day. In addition to putting lanterns and watching lanterns, we should eat zongzi in the morning and fried dumplings, peanuts, broad beans, ginkgo and other foods in the evening. During the Lantern Festival, there is a common eating custom of "putting lanterns and turning off lights".

On the night of Lantern Festival, the farmer took a straw that was tied more than ten feet long and lit it. He took it to his ridge and waved it, calling it "fried hemp string" Usually, hemp rope is tied into twelve sections. If it is a leap year, one section must be Dozza, with two small firecrackers in each section. The peasant woman sang "Burning Land" while waving her hand, such as "On the first day of the first month, fry hemp skewers, pick up one ear and weigh it, and show it to grandma by dad"; "In the first half of the first month, fried hemp skewers, other people's dishes are big copper, and my food basket is big; Other people's food is raw, and mine is sold on the street. Some places of fried hemp string are also called "fried hemp insects" and "arson". Some folks use hemp rope flames to predict whether this year is good or bad. The dark red omen is drought, while the gray omen is flood.

On the second day of the second lunar month, every family will take their married daughters back to their parents' home to rest for different periods of time. There is a folk song in Hebei called "On February 2nd, every family kicks their daughter". There is a folk song in Hedong called "Pick Artemisia, make a cake, take a daughter, poor dog has no daughter". On the other day, the media in Hedong and Henan were also very active. As the saying goes, "On February 2nd, the dragon looked up, and the dynasty embroidered floor threw colored balls."

Tomb-Sweeping Day Gregorian calendar is about April 5th in Tomb-Sweeping Day. On that day, every household should set up more offerings for ancestor worship, which is called "ancestor worship". In Tomb-Sweeping Day, women and children wear cauliflower and willow, and eat buckwheat noodles and willow cakes in the morning. There is a folk saying that "you don't wear willow in Qingming Festival, but you become a dog after death". Ten days before and after Tomb-Sweeping Day, each family successively visited the grave, hung silks, inserted small flags, burned paper foil, padded the old grave and added a roof. Within three years after the burial of the deceased, children should hold wine sacrifices to sweep the graves, which are called new graves, middle graves and full graves respectively. The day before in Tomb-Sweeping Day was the "Cold Food Festival". No fireworks, only cold food. After the Republic of China, they paid no attention to it, and some changed to have cold meals in Tomb-Sweeping Day in the afternoon.