Mountain equipment

1) Camping equipment. Including tents, cooking utensils, bedding and various fuels, etc. Mountaineering equipment

2) Technical equipment. Including climbing ropes, oxygen equipment, measuring instruments, altimeters, psychrometers, steel cones, mountaineering iron locks, lifts, ladders, pulleys, snow shovels, etc.

3) Personal equipment. Including mountaineering clothing, hiking shoes, alpine boots, helmets, flashlights, gloves, protective glasses, etc. Its characteristics are: light and easy to carry, sturdy and durable, easy to disassemble, and multi-purpose.

Costumes and equipment

Mainly include: ①rock clothes and pants, which are the clothes and pants worn in competitive mountaineering activities. It should be tight-fitting and body-fitting. It is better to use elasticated cuffs and trouser legs. The material should be strong, wear-resistant and elastic wool products. ②Rock shoes, a special shoe for rock operations. It is best to use strong, breathable leather materials for the uppers, and harder rubber materials for the soles. The soles are thick and have protruding tooth patterns to facilitate friction and fixation during movement and prevent slipping. ③Cold-proof clothing is used for thermal insulation and cold protection during mountaineering activities. It is best to use high-quality duck down for the insulation layer. The fabric should be light, thin, dense, waterproof, and windproof. The color of the clothing should be as dark and bright as possible to facilitate heat absorption and facilitate observation and identification up and down the mountain. In addition to clothing and pants, down mountaineering equipment can also be made as needed

Caps, socks, gloves and shoes for use in tents. ④Wind and snow jacket, made of waterproof high-quality nylon material. The top is hooded, and the hood, cuffs, and trouser legs can be adjusted for tightness. Its purpose is to keep out wind, keep warm and protect the inner layer. ⑤Alpine boots, special shoes for climbing on ice and snow terrain. The materials used should be warm, waterproof, light and breathable. It can also be equipped with leggings and shoe covers to further provide warmth, waterproofing and protection. When operating on icy slopes, wear crampons under your boots. ⑥Luggage, including backpacks, backpacks and luggage bags. ⑦ Protective glasses, used to block strong sunlight and light reflected from ice and snow, and prevent ultraviolet rays from damaging the eyes. Generally, brown lenses are better. On mountains above 7,000 meters, you should be equipped with wind and snow glasses that specifically protect against purple and infrared rays.

Technical equipment

Mainly include: ① Ice ax, an indispensable tool when passing through ice and snow slopes. It can not only repair roads, assist in traveling, but also be used for protection. ② Crampons are necessary equipment when traveling on ice and snow terrain, especially ice slopes. They are made of light hard metal. It is named after being installed on the bottom of mountain boots and resembling a cat's claw. The main function is to fix and prevent slipping while traveling. ③Safety belt, consisting of snares, straps and clips, is tied to the chest and forms a connecting device in various protection technologies. ④The main rope is about 35 meters long, about 12 mm in diameter, and has a bearing capacity of more than 1,500 kilograms. They should be equipped with different colors to facilitate identification during use. Used in various protection techniques such as "bridges" across rivers and knot formations. ⑤The auxiliary rope has a smaller diameter than the main rope and has a bearing capacity of about 800 kg. Cooperated with the main rope, it is used to build "bridges" across rivers and various protection and rescue techniques. ⑥Avalanche streamers are a marker used to locate those buried when encountering an avalanche. Use silk products with bright colors, small specific gravity and easy fluttering. The size of each rod is approximately 5×0.01 (meter). Attach this item to the athlete before passing through the avalanche zone. ⑦ Iron locks. In technical operations, some equipment needs to be connected and disconnected alternately. In order to avoid the tedious operations of tying and untying ropes and make the action simple and rapid, the assistance of iron locks is necessary. Sometimes it can also be used as a substitute for pulleys. ⑧ Steel cones, including rock cones and ice and snow cones. In the operation of overcoming difficult rock, ice and snow terrain, steel cones of different lengths and types are driven into rock crevices or ice layers as fulcrums for advancement and protection. ⑨ Hammer, generally used to drive in and remove steel cones. ⑩Snow shovel, used for shoveling and digging operations such as leveling campsites and building snow caves. On the basis of some of the above technical equipment, some corresponding efficiency-enhancing technical equipment can be improved and prepared according to the specific road conditions of each mission, such as ascenders, descenders, walking sleds, metal ladders, soft ladders, small hanging ladders, and pulleys. wait.

Camping equipment

Mainly include: ①Tent, which is the mountaineer’s residence on the mountain. It can be divided into two types: low mountain tents and high mountain tents. Low-mountain tents generally use a single layer of material, while high-mountain tents need to use double-layer materials to provide an air layer to increase warmth. Generally, each tent has about 4 cubic meters of space and can accommodate 2 to 4 people. If the team size is large, the tents in the base camp can be made into more practical accommodation tents, cooking tents, medical tents, etc. The top shape of various tents is preferably arc-shaped to enhance structural strength and practicality. In addition, they are required to be waterproof, insulated, ventilated, colorful, and have easy opening and closing of entrances and exits. ②Sleeping bags are made of the same materials as down clothing, but the insulation layer should be thicker. In order to be waterproof and moisture-proof, it must be padded with felt (air mattress or foam plastic pad is also acceptable). ③Stove, used to boil water for cooking and also for heating. There are two types of gasoline stoves and gas stoves. In high mountains above 7,000 meters where the air is thin, the latter works better.

Support equipment

It is not specific for mountaineering, but some spare equipment and appliances to cope with various unexpected situations and other purposes. Such as oxygen equipment, communication equipment, photographic equipment, self-defense weapons, transportation, observation instruments, medical equipment and general supplies, etc. The type and quantity of support equipment should be determined according to the nature of the task and the size of the team. Sometimes it needs to be simplified, sometimes it needs to be strengthened.

The more important ones are:

Oxygen equipment

When climbing peaks above 7,500 meters, oxygen equipment is generally required in order to overcome mountain hypoxia and provide medical first aid. Oxygen equipment generally consists of three parts: air tank, indicating device and mask. The gas cylinder is a container for storing oxygen. The material used for the cylinder wall should be as light as possible and resistant to high pressure. The indicating device has two parts: air pressure gauge and regulator. The former indicates the oxygen storage in the cylinder, and the latter controls and indicates the flow rate when using oxygen. The mask consists of a mask and a cushioning bag underneath. The mask is worn on the face to seal the mouth, nose and oxygen equipment into a system, and oxygen is absorbed through the buffer bag and leather tube.

Communication equipment

Used for communication between the base camp and nearby cities, and between the base camp and the mountains. The former can choose the corresponding model of radio transceiver equipment according to the distance. For the latter, it is best to use a high-performance small walkie-talkie. In the communication between the base camp and the mountain, athletes should be familiar with and master some primitive, basic and simple communication methods as much as possible, such as flag language, lantern language, whistle language, etc. For this reason, pay attention to the equipment such as flags, flashlights, signal guns, whistles, fireworks, etc. If none of the above methods are possible, brief notifications can be made to each other by using the light of burning clothes, objects, etc., as agreed in advance.

Photography equipment

In some mountaineering activities aimed at climbing to the top of a peak, photography is a means of recording and obtaining information to confirm the summit. Therefore, photographic equipment is essential equipment. In addition to cameras, if conditions permit, movie cameras and video recording equipment should also be equipped.

Daily equipment

That is, daily utensils and supplies. During a mountaineering activity, athletes spend a long time in high mountainous areas, sometimes up to two months, and must carry all kinds of equipment. Daily equipment includes daily utensils, sanitary products, simple tools, standing medicines, direction plotters, entertainment supplies, paper stationery, sewing supplies, lighting, sporting goods, etc.