Composition, composition, fast

Although it’s not from my side, I can barely use the passage in “Back View” that I think is the most touching: “He clung to it with both hands, then retracted his feet upward; his fat body moved towards it. He leaned slightly to the left, showing his efforts. Then I saw his back, and tears quickly flowed down my face. I waited until his back was lost among the people coming and going, and then I came in. Sitting down, my tears came again."

Such a classic character touches us because we may all have a similar "father". This character has surpassed Zhu Ziqing's real-life father who kept concubines and made his grandmother angry to death. We can despise the "father" in life because he is so dirty, but this has nothing to do with the moving "father" in literary images.

This back view has touched countless readers. The reason why he moved us is that the author has a "back figure" that we are so familiar with - I slowly, slowly understood that the so-called parent-child relationship only means that your fate with him is this life. This life keeps watching his back fade away. In addition, the most important thing is that the author grasps the characteristics of the characters and writes the personality of the characters, thereby truly capturing the soul of the characters.

In the vast world, there is a huge sea of ??people. Walking on the street, people are walking in a hurry and passing by each other. Fresh and different faces flash in front of us like petals. So how do we put them together? How about freezing the different faces and turning them into an eternal moment? Painters can use paint to paint, photographers can use cameras to take pictures, but all we can do is describe with the pens in our hands.

To portray a distinct character image, you must first observe, think, and discover the character's personality traits. In life, we should pay attention to the appearance, language, movements, and demeanor of characters to discover what makes them unique. The same cheerful personality, but the specific performance will be very different, or outspoken, or passionate, or straightforward and reckless... Through careful observation, you will gradually discover that the people around you have different characteristics. After observing these external performances of the characters, we should also find out through further observation the reasons why the characters form this or that personality, such as why they are cheerful, why they are melancholy, why they are enthusiastic, why they are reckless... This kind of further observation It will give you a clearer understanding of the characters' personality traits, accumulate more materials, and provide you with a source of fresh water when writing. So, how can middle school students do this in their writing? First, ask yourself three questions: How to observe the character's characteristics and analyze the character's personality? What are the main aspects of the character's personality characteristics? How to highlight the character's personality?

1. Write a good portrait, convey the spirit through form, and highlight the personality of the character

Portrait description refers to describing the appearance of the character, including appearance, posture, expression, clothing, etc. When writing portraits, you can capture gender, age, occupation, identity, and experience to express the characteristics of the characters. The second sister-in-law Yang in "Hometown" has protruding cheekbones and thin lips; her hands are placed between her hips, without a skirt, and her feet are spread out, just like a thin and lonely compass in a drawing instrument. ——From this appearance, we can get a rough idea of ??her sharp and mean character.

When writing a portrait, you must learn to depict the eyes. Eyes are the windows to the soul. Through this window, we can peek into the various changes in the character's heart and grasp the character's personality traits. Drawing eyes is to express the most expressive characteristics of a character's eyes, making the character have both form and spirit, lifelike. How to draw a character's eyes well? The first is to let the character's eyes reflect the character's experience, encounters, situations and inner changes.

Lu Xun's "Blessing" writes about Xianglin's wife's eyes, eyes, and expressions more than ten times, showing Xianglin's misfortune and personality changes. The second is to make the character's eyes reflect the character's age, personality and different emotions. Depending on the character's age, personality, and emotions, their eyes and gaze will also be different. For example, a child's eyes can be "as clear as crystal", while an old person's eyes should leave the mark of life, either experienced vicissitudes of life, calm and kind, or wise and profound. A strong and confident person will have shining eyes, while the eyes of a fragile and inferior person will be evasive and wandering. Eyes can be filled with desire and expectation. The big eyes of Wei Mingjuan, the representative poster of Project Hope, can be seen through the eyes of countless girls and young women. Eyes can be filled with excitement, and the eyes of successful people are full of tears. Eyes can also be filled with tears. Despair, the soulless eyes of drug addicts; eyes full of melancholy and sentimentality, Lin Daiyu in "A Dream of Red Mansions"...

2. Write about the psychology well, express your heart, and highlight the character's personality

Characters The shaping of thought and character is inseparable from the description of the inner world. You can directly write about the character's inner activities, what the character thinks and feels; you can also indirectly use the character's external expressions such as language, actions, and portraits to reflect the character's inner world.

Generally, articles are written in the first person, and more direct psychological descriptions are made. However, be careful not to just say some superficial empty words, such as "I feel very happy, I feel very regretful, I feel very warm" and so on. You must be able to express your inner feelings deeply. The subtlety of everything is revealed. Reference example Lu Xun's "A Little Thing" When "I" saw the old woman Guan, the coachman, walking towards the patrol station, there was this psychological description: "I suddenly felt a strange feeling at this time, feeling that she was covered with dust. The silhouette of his back suddenly grew taller, and got bigger as he walked up. "According to normal vision, it should get smaller as it goes further away, but in "my" sense, it's just the opposite. It gets bigger as it goes further. "Big", this describes the inner shock of "I", which gradually became ugly. Words are the voice of the heart. To express the character's inner world, you must pay attention to writing the character's language well. Lao She said, "Dialogue is the self-introduction of a character's personality, etc." In the section of "Water Margin" where Lu Tiha punched Guanxi, after Lu Tiha punched three times, he discovered that Zheng Tu might be dead, so he said: This fully reflects Lu Da's roughness and fineness. .

Let’s look at another example: "Father in the Eyes of a Son"

Seven years old: Dad is amazing, he knows everything!

Fourteen-year-old: It seems that sometimes what he says is not right...

Twenty-year-old: Dad is a bit behind the times, and his theories are out of tune with the times.

Twenty-five years old: The ‘old man’ is clueless and stale.

Thirty-five years old: If my father was as sophisticated as me, he must be a millionaire today...

Forty-five years old: I don’t know if I should talk to the old man 'Discuss, maybe he can help me come up with ideas...

Fifty-five years old: What a pity, dad passed away. To be honest, his views are quite brilliant!

Sixty years old: Poor dad! You are simply a scholar who knows everything! It's a pity that I understand you too late!

This monologue expresses the two images of "son" and "father" very clearly, reflecting the psychological development process from childishness to doubt, to youthful arrogance, to respecting reality and seeking truth from facts. A profound philosophy of life. We can also often use psychological changes to express characters in our compositions.

3. Write actions well, pay attention to details, have both form and spirit, and highlight the personality of the character.

What a person does is a concrete expression of his thoughts and personality. The action descriptions are vivid and can accurately convey the spirit, achieving a perfect state of both form and spirit. When writing about characters, be sure not to describe them empty-handedly. You don’t want to make comments, such as “he is an honest person”, “he is a person with bad morals”, “he is an enthusiastic person” and so on. Let the character’s own feelings be expressed. Your words and deeds express your character traits. The aforementioned Lu Tiha punching Guanxi is a very typical detail that everyone is already familiar with. Through this detail, Ruda's character traits of being as evil as evil and being rough and yet subtle are shown.

What a person does is a concrete manifestation of his thoughts and character. The action descriptions are vivid and can accurately convey the spirit, achieving a perfect state of both form and spirit. When writing about characters, be sure not to describe them empty-handedly. You don’t want to make comments, such as “He is an honest person,” “He is a person with bad morals,” “He is an enthusiastic person.” Let the character himself Character characteristics expressed in words and deeds.

Let’s look at another example: Sun Li’s “Lotus Lake” made Shuisheng smile. The woman noticed that he didn't smile as usual: "What's wrong, you?" Shuisheng whispered, "I will go to the main force tomorrow." The woman's fingers vibrated, thinking that Wei Meizi had cut her hand. She put a finger in her mouth and sucked it. In this clip, actions such as "vibration" and "sucking" reveal the complex and subtle emotional activities of the character's momentary psychology, which is better than a thousand words.

There is a wonderful detailed description in Chekhov's "Chameleon", which is the description of putting on, taking off and putting on the new military coat worn by the protagonist Ochumelov. This detail does not affect the development of the storyline, but it plays an important role in characterizing the characters. The protagonist wears a new military coat when he appears on the scene, implying that the police officer has just climbed up; when the names of dogs and the praise and criticism of dogs are repeatedly changed according to different dog owners, this military coat works. The police officer wanted to severely punish the "criminal" after hearing the complaint from the jeweler Khryugin about dog biting. However, when he heard that it was the general's dog, his attitude immediately changed and he said: "General Sigalov? Oh!...Ye Delin, help me take off my coat...it's terrible, it's so hot, it looks like it's going to rain..." So, he changed the subject and accused Khryugin. The crowd talked about the dog, saying that it was not the general’s dog. The police officer also argued that the “criminal” should be taught a lesson. When he heard the conclusion of “Yes, it belongs to the general’s family”, the coat came into play again-“Oh!… ...Brother Yeldling, please put on your coat... It seems the wind is blowing, it's quite cold... Take this dog to the general's house, ask him about it, and tell him that I found the dog and send someone. Sent." He took off his coat and put it on again. In the end, the truth came out: the dog’s owner was the general’s brother. So the police officer threatened Hryugin, "Sooner or later I will deal with you." He wrapped his coat tightly and walked away across the square. This detail runs through the entire text and depicts the character's thoughts and personality in many aspects.

The new coat he wears when he appears on the scene shows the police officer's arrogance and arrogance; the changeable process, in which the military coat is taken off and put on now, serves as a stepping stone for self-mockery, vividly reflecting the police officer's fear of the powerful general, his tendency to follow others' influence, and to be flattered and suppressed. The next character.

Write good details

Everyone should pay special attention to these details that do not seem to affect the narrative. It is these details that make the article vivid, natural, deep, and full of content. The biggest shortcoming of everyone's narrative and human writing articles is that they write the article like a running account, "Today I got up a little late and rode my bicycle very fast to go to school. Suddenly there was a 'bang' sound and the tire blew. I had to go to repair the tire and was late. I was punished by the teacher for running two laps. I am so unlucky today!" There are no details at all, not even the most basic details.

4. Write the environment well, use the scenery to describe the people, and highlight the character's personality

Because the character's speech, behavior, expression and mentality can only have the meaning of expressing personality in a specific environment.

You can take a look at Lu Xun's description of the environment in his novel "Medicine":

This year's Qingming Festival is extremely cold; the willows have only sprouted new shoots as big as half a grain of rice. Before dawn, Aunt Hua was already laying out four dishes, a bowl of rice, and crying in front of a new tomb on the right. After turning into paper, he sat on the ground blankly, as if waiting for something, but he couldn't tell what he was waiting for. The breeze picked up and blew his short hair, which was indeed much whiter than last year.

The environment described in this fragment is extremely cold and desolate during the Qingming Festival. This atmosphere is coupled with the character's actions and appearance to describe the character's inner misery. When we write about characters, we should also pay attention to the use of environment. We can use the environment and the characters' action portraits to complement each other, such as writing about a lively party and the cheerful words, deeds and smiling faces of friends; similarly, we can also use the environment and the characters' actions. The portrait is used for comparison and contrast. It is also about a lively party. You can also write about discovering that the mother who is constantly busy for the party has a few more gray hairs.

5. Combining frontal description with side description to highlight the personality of the character

When writing about a character, you can directly write about his words and deeds. If you write about the character directly, you cannot express his spirit, nor can you express his spirit. You can use side description method.

Liu Xizai, a native of the Qing Dynasty, said: "The spirit of the mountains cannot be written, so write it with haze; the spirit of spring cannot be written, so write it with grass and trees." This is the truth.

The Han Dynasty Yuefu poem "Mo Shang Mulang" describes the beauty of Luofu, a mulberry-picking girl. The poem describes it like this: "A traveler sees Luofu, and goes down to stroke his mustache. A young man sees Luofu, taking off his hat and wearing a steep head. "The plower forgets his plow, and the hoeer forgets his hoe. He comes back and is angry, but he sits and watches Luofu." The description of the expressions and actions of the traveler, the young man and others when they saw Luofu effectively expresses Luofu's amazing beauty. .

In fact, the idiom "When the fish sinks and the wild goose falls, when the moon closes and the flowers shy", this principle is also used.

2. The character of the article is not to blindly admire novelty, abuse buzzwords, make up words, fill in numbers and foreign languages. The article adds some new words to the plain language, which indeed makes people feel like breathing a breath of fresh air. However, some articles are "new" throughout the whole article. This is to some extent influenced by some so-called fashion magazines, and use "weird" words as the whole text. skeleton. Such articles will not give people a sense of beauty and comfort, and appear mechanical and lacking in spirituality.

The nature of the article is not to violate logic, but to say the opposite, to overthrow all the writing framework, and make people confused. The first condition for an article to be meaningful and memorable and thoughtful is to express it clearly so that people can understand what it is saying after reading it. Only on this basis can they think further.

A personalized article is like the author himself lying on the paper. You can see him crying and laughing. Of course, sometimes he is wearing a veil. Those thousands of words of ridicule, nonsense, and some nonsensical offbeat articles, at first glance, are very fresh, making you giggle for a while; after reading it, the words don't seem to dare to linger in your mind, and they slip by quickly. Leave no trace. Because these are not expressions of the author's feelings at all, you can't find the beating sincerity hidden behind the words.

Express what you want to say on paper, even in the most ordinary sentences, which others cannot express. There are no two identical emotions in the world. This is your truest personality that no one can imitate.

Writing Guide

1. Training Topics

The whole class will conduct a character sketch competition. Each student chooses a classmate in the class as the subject of description, and outlines the appearance and personality of this classmate. After the article is written, read it to the whole class and ask everyone to guess who you are writing about and comment on whether it sounds like it.

2. Writing guidance:

(1) The limit of this question is about 350 words. In such a short space, it is important to outline the appearance and personality characteristics of this student. Focus on the most important physical features and the most distinctive personality traits, and remember to write too much and be too scattered.

〔2〕When writing about personality characteristics, if there is a narrative part, the text should be summarized.

〔3〕Get into the topic quickly and finish it crisply.

3. Reference example

He always smiles when he sees people. But when he smiled like this, from where his upper lip was raised high, you could see that his two front teeth were missing. Don't laugh, otherwise he will talk about me. The starting point is attractive, and the main features of the character's appearance are captured at once. That’s right, why pick these out? Turn the pen to draw out other features of the character's appearance. His eyes are very expressive, and the eyeballs protrude slightly outward. What a pair of tiger eyes. Probably because he smiles too much, he can't close his mouth. There are often two shallow dimples on the side of the mouth. His skin is very white, and he is famous in the class! Missing teeth, tiger eyes, dens, and white skin. Writing these physical features makes us feel like we see him in person. Although the missing teeth are unsightly, they still look cute when combined with the latter three.

He is tall and is a track and field athlete at school, so he often wears the school sports uniform. Clothing features reflect the character's preferences. He is good at sports and better at studies. Sports and studies naturally lead to the following. Especially in class, he is so serious. He is not afraid of being laughed at because he is missing two teeth. On the contrary, he is always eager to answer the teacher's questions. Main features reproduced. You see, when he raises his hand, he always stretches his right hand forward, straight towards the teacher. In order to increase his height and attract attention, his butt leaves the bench. The action description vividly expresses "his" enthusiasm for learning and his competitive personality. Ah, the teacher finally called him. He didn't stand up all at once. Instead, he sat firmly and then stood up slowly. The movements change from quick to slow, and it is not difficult to get a glimpse of the characters' changeable psychological activities. He crossed his hands behind his back, swayed his body, shook his head, and then started talking. As he spoke, he nodded his forehead with his right index finger from time to time. The characters appear vividly on the page. Obviously, his speeches were very emotional. His half-sounding words often made his classmates laugh, and he himself couldn't help but laugh sometimes. This smile reveals the upper row of teeth that are missing two front teeth... The three main features echo the beginning, making people laugh.

Appreciation of beautiful articles

At this time, a magical picture suddenly flashed in my mind: a golden full moon hung in the dark blue sky, and below was the seaside The sandy ground was planted with endless green watermelons. Among them was an eleven or twelve-year-old boy with a silver ring in his neck and a steel fork in his hand. He tried his best to stab a harpoon, but the harpoon cut his body. He twisted and escaped from his crotch. This young man is Runtu. When I met him, he was only over ten years old, which was about thirty years ago. At that time, my father was still alive and my family was well off, so I was just a young master. That year, my family held a big sacrifice for the new year (3). This sacrifice is said to only happen once every thirty years, so it is very solemn. During the first month of the year, there are many offerings to the ancestors, and the sacrificial vessels are very particular. There are also many worshipers, and the sacrificial vessels must be guarded against theft. My family only has one busy month (there are three types of workers here: those who work for a certain family throughout the year are called long-term workers; those who work for a certain family on a daily basis are called short-term workers); those who also farm their own land only come to work during the New Year, holidays and rent collection time. It must be called a busy month for those who work), and he was too busy, so he told his father that he could ask his son Runtu to take charge of the sacrificial vessels. My father agreed; I was also very happy, because I had heard the name Runtu a long time ago, and knew that he and I were the same age, born in the leap month, and the five elements lacked earth (4), so his father called him Runtu. He can pretend to be [Gong Jing] to catch small birds.

So I look forward to the New Year every day. When the New Year arrives, Runtu will also arrive. Finally, at the end of the year, one day, my mother told me that Runtu was coming, so I ran to see her. He is in the kitchen with a round purple face, a small felt hat on his head, and a bright silver collar around his neck. This shows that his father loves him very much and is afraid that he will die, so he made a wish in front of the gods and Buddhas. The circle caught him. He was very shy when meeting people, but he was not afraid of me. He would talk to me when no one else was around, and within half a day, we became familiar with each other.

This is Runtu. Although I knew it was Runtu as soon as I saw it, it was not the Runtu in my memory. His stature has doubled; the round purple face has turned grayish-yellow and has deep wrinkles; his eyes are like his father's, and are swollen and red around them. I know that, farming by the sea People who live with the sea breeze blowing all day long are probably like this. He wore a broken felt hat on his head, and only a very thin cotton coat on his body, which was tugged all over. He was holding a paper bag and a long pipe in his hand, and his hands were not as red and round as I remembered. His hands were thick, clumsy and cracked, like pine bark. I was very excited at this time, but I didn’t know what to say. I just said: "Ah! Brother Runtu, you are here?..."

I then had many words that I wanted to say in a row. Usually things come out: horned chicken, jumping fish, shells, quail, etc. But it always feels like it is blocked by something, just spinning in my head and unable to spit it out.

He stood still, with a look of joy and sadness on his face; he moved his lips but made no sound. His attitude finally became respectful, and he shouted clearly:

"Master!..."

I seemed to shudder; I knew that there was a distance between us. A tragically thick barrier. I was also speechless.

Article Comment

These are two excerpts from Mr. Lu Xun's "Hometown", which respectively describe the innocent, lively, unrestrained young Runtu, without the constraints of class, lively, clever. But the middle-aged Runtu looked like a servant, well-behaved, and no longer had the wantonness and joy of his youth. The middle-aged Runtu was completely bound by feudal society, and his spirit was cast a shadow of feudalism.