Using Schindler's List as an example to discuss the role of montage in films

Hello, landlord, thank you for trusting me! Pudovkin said: "When we observe a real image, we must spend a certain amount of time and energy to observe from the general outline to the detailed situation, and to focus our attention enough to see it. And understand the level of some of its details. But the movie uses montage to save the audience's energy on this." (1) The two major systems of world film creation are: Hollywood's "montage (shot assembly). "Creative Methods" and European "Long Shot (Mise-en-Scene) Creation Methods". "Schindler's List" embodies the main characteristics and advantages of "Hollywood" film editing: A: The connection between shots is clean and crisp, with a certain structure. B: The editing has distinctive dramatic characteristics and produces a strong impact. The core of "montage creation method" is to narrate stories, depict characters, and express ideas through the assembly (editing) of shots. The function of montage What is "montage"? That explains a lot. I think it has three main meanings: 1. Movie thinking is what we often call "montage thinking." It refers to the unique art form of film that reflects the world and expresses thoughts; [As a kind of thinking, no examples will be given because it varies from person to person] 2. The general term of editing refers to the basic structural means of film. It includes all the skills of dividing shots, as well as the arrangement and combination of shots and shots, sound and sound, shots and sounds, and field and field; the following is explained based on specific examples in "Schindler's List": A. Shots and shots : Example 1: [Smoke from an extinguished candle] + [Smoke from a train] (meaning connection) Example 2: [Lighter in Schindler’s hand] + [Lighter in the Nazi party’s hand] (Prop connection) Example 3: [ Schindler gave the cigarette to Ston]+[the cigarette in the hand of the Nazi party] (prop connection) Example 4: [Schindler took off the watch from his hand and gave it to Ston]+[the watch in the hand of the Nazi party] ( Props connection) Example 5: [Schindler shaves] + [Peve is shaving] (Character's posture and action connection) Example 6: [Dancing girl and Schindler kiss] + [Peve tries to kiss Helen] (Character (Connection of gestures and movements) B. Sound and sound Example 1: [Schindler met the Nazi officer at the dance] + [Nazi soldiers lined up while walking and singing] (Music connection) Example 2: [There was a party upstairs and someone stepped on it Light bulb] + [Peff incited Helen to slap] (sound connection) C. Shot and sound example 1: [Schindler said "Pumann"] + [The Nazi shouted "Pumann"] [Schindler said "couple" People"] + [The Nazis called the names of the couple] (Character language connection) Example 2: [Schindler said "more fresh fruit"] + [Jewish merchants were transporting fruit on the boat] [Schindler said " "Superior sardines"]+[Jewish businessmen picking sardines on the train track] (Character language connection) The clever use of these techniques for connecting shots (i.e. transitions) in different time and space not only makes the connection between two shots or scenes extremely natural, The director also uses these transitions to tell us a complicated social event in a concise and clear way! ! ! 3. The "montage effect" is what we often call "1+1=3". It refers to a specific artistic processing method in film editing. It is a special expression method in film editing that can produce special effects. Its function is just as Eisenstein said: "(Montage) is not to use connected pictures to narrate thoughts, but to generate thoughts through the conflict of two independent pictures." The specific divisions of "montage effect" are as follows Several situations: 1. Lens + Lens Example: [Jews gathered around a round table to chant sincerely and perform traditional prayer rituals] + [The flickering, erratic candlelight gradually became engulfed in black as the chorus weakened. ] (Metaphoric montage highlights the relevant characteristics between things through "similarities", "concrete points" and "imperial points", prompting the audience to understand their deeper meanings.) 2. In one shot: Example: "The White-Haired Girl": The characters "Benevolence and Righteousness" are hung on the background wall, and Huang Shiren is raping Xi'er in the foreground. 3. Voice + voice: Example: "The Marriage of Maria Braun" [Maria got a black man and said: "My husband is dead."] + [Dance Music] "Red Desert" [Girl's Singing] + [ Huge machine noise] 4. In one sound: For example: the sound of cheerful music mixed with the sound of fascist machine guns during the massacre of hiding Jews. 5. Images and sounds in one shot: For example: [Machine gun light flashing from the window during the massacre of Jews at night (think of the keys being pressed one by one)] + [Music sound of the piano] Of course, these are part of the recurrence montage, (Multiple appearances of the printer) Contrast montage, (the little girl in red and the surrounding colors) Parallel montage, Metaphor montage, Juggling montage (At the beginning of the film, there was silence. A group of people came here, and a registrar sat After he came down and raised his head and shouted "name", the silence was immediately broken, and the camera suddenly switched to hundreds of Jews crowded together, who were announcing their names in various voices. It gives people a powerful visual and auditory impact, making people rush into that disturbing era.) The film uses the low music of the cello, which is sad and sad, to exaggerate the atmosphere and create tension. When the music sounds quietly, it is touching. The heart of a person penetrates into the bone marrow and soul of a person. (2) Scene changes and "montage sentences". Changes in sceneries should not be arbitrary and unstructured.

In order to create visual pleasure and make the audience feel comfortable, filmmakers often use "montage sentences" in movies to narrate and develop plots. 1. "Progressive montage sentence": The scene changes from far to near, that is: far - all - middle - near - special. The director used the "progressive montage" in the section about the little boy who stole the chicken in "Schindler's List" Montage sentences". From the time when the little boy stood up to the time when the little boy pointed at the dead man and said "That's him", the director successively used a typical short "forward montage sentence" from full to middle to near to special. While the scene of the shot continues to change from far to near, the size of the shot is also constantly shrinking (one is shorter than the other). Its grammatical form continues to enhance the "stimulation", constantly speeds up the tone of editing, and increases Tension. 2. "Retrograde montage sentence": the scenery changes from near to far. In the film, "retrograde montage sentences" and other montage sentences cooperate with each other to create an atmosphere. There are few separate sentences, specifically "ring montage sentences". 3. The combination of "circular montage sentences" and "forward montage sentences" and "retreat montage sentences". The most frequently used sentence in "Schindler's List" is the "circular montage sentence", which contains wonderful sentences such as the shooting of the technical workers who made the door latch, and the ashes falling from the sky. The scene of the skilled worker who made the door latch is shot is: all - special - near - special - the whole scene of the ashes falling in the sky is: special - all - middle - all - special. These are typical "ring montage sentences". The camera finally returns to the scene at the beginning, and its sequence forms a structural relationship of gradual change, reverse symmetry, and echoes from beginning to end. It makes people feel the director's sophistication and method in handling the shots. Other long shots The montage editing in "Schindler's List" is certainly good, but there are also classic long shots. "Long shot creation method" is contrary to "montage creation method". It does not rely on the assembly of shots, but narrates stories, depicts characters and expresses ideas through the scheduling of scenes in one shot. Compared with the "montage creation method", the "long shot creation method" has the following characteristics: 1. The "long shot creation method" can further increase the realism of the film, make the film closer to life, and make the film full of the charm of life. 2. The "long shot creation method" greatly reduces the artificial traces caused by editing, making the film more natural and closer to the audience. 3. The "long shot creation method" can increase the audience's awareness of participation. 4. "Long lens creation method" is "a technique that does not reveal skill". For example: Schindler came to the ball to make friends with the Nazis. The arrangement of the scene and the actors showed the director's skill in controlling the art of film. Long shots can also be divided into: moving long shots (European long shots), the masterpiece "Tea in the Harem of Archimedes", static long shots (Hou Hsiao-hsien's long shots), the masterpiece "Good Men, Good Women". In "Tea in the Harem of Archimedes", it is obvious that they wanted to use all audio-visual means to emphasize and exaggerate this event. The still long shot of "Liang Jing and Ah Wei making love" in "Good Men, Good Women" (Hou Hsiao-hsien's long shot). This is the way Chinese people look at things and grasp the world. 1. Chinese people are long-distance, 2. Chinese people It is "static", 3. Chinese people are completely integrated, 4. Chinese people are relative. This is the Chinese people’s own plane! ! ! I end with a sentence from an online article: "I use heavenly clothes and clouds, and the beauty of tailoring is not the knife and ruler." Mastering the characteristics of editing, combination, and connection of montage techniques, and understanding the beauty of it with heart, we will have pure aesthetic taste , it is possible to become a close friend of excellent film and television dramas.