What are the classifications of cameras?

A camera, referred to as a camera for short, is a device that uses the principle of optical imaging to form an image and records the image with a negative. Many devices that can record images have the characteristics of cameras. Let me introduce the classification of cameras to you.

1, camera classification: according to the way of framing.

(1) Single lens reflex cameras (SLR cameras) 120 and 135 all have SLR cameras.

Features: the lens is detachable, and the framing is ignored.

(2) A dual-lens reflex camera is usually a 56×56mm 120 camera.

Features: the lens is arranged up and down, the top is used for framing and focusing, and the bottom is used for photography.

(3) Paraxial camera

2. Classification of cameras: according to the degree of automation.

(1) Full-manipulator camera

This camera doesn't have any automatic function. Whether it is exposure, focusing or film rolling, it must be operated manually.

(2) Automatic exposure camera

In addition to the metering system, this camera can also automatically control the aperture and shutter mechanism according to the metering results to achieve correct exposure. According to the different automatic exposure methods, it can be divided into aperture priority, shutter priority and program. Journalists all use this kind of camera.

(3) autofocus camera

Also known as AF camera, it can automatically change the focus of the lens according to the shooting distance, so that the main scene can be imaged clearly. It can save the photographer's focus when shooting, which is not only beneficial to concentrate on shooting, but also beneficial to capture in an emergency. It is the mainstream camera of news photography, such as Nikon F 100, F6, F5, Canon EOS 1, EOS3, etc. When shooting, the main body is placed in the focus area of the viewfinder, and the shutter is half pressed. The camera lens is driven by the motor to expand and contract back and forth, and it is controlled at the corresponding position to automatically make the image clear. Some of these high-end cameras also have autofocus and lock functions.

(4) Digital camera

Digital camera is the combination of digital technology and camera principle. It uses an electronic image sensor to convert light into charge, and then converts analog signals into digital signals, which are compressed and stored on the memory card in the camera.

Types of digital cameras: consumer and professional (SLR). Application in news photography (it has become the mainstream at present).

Camera photography skills

1. How to shake it?

Swing is a technique for shooting moving objects. Its characteristic is to focus on the static part of photography and follow the subject by shaking the lens to show its sense of speed. Using this shooting method, you need to set the camera to the shutter priority mode, and then use a slower shutter speed, generally 1/30s or 1/60s. The camera should follow the subject closely and move with it to achieve the effect of clear subject and blurred background. Of course, there is a greater chance to take clearer photos by adopting continuous shooting's model.

2. How to place a tripod on a slope?

If you use a tripod to assist shooting on a slope, there are ways to keep the camera away from sudden danger. If we shoot on a rock or a slope on a mountain, let one leg of the tripod point to ourselves, so that the three legs of the tripod can stably support the camera and prevent it from falling.

3. How to avoid underexposure

Photographers are often underexposed when taking pictures, fearing that turning on the flash will be too bright and sacrifice the natural light of the scene environment. In this case, the best way is to use the exposure compensation function of the camera. As long as the exposure compensation function is pushed up one or two levels, the general darkening situation will be improved.

4. How to focus before composing?

First, focus the center of the picture on the face of the person to be photographed, press the shutter button halfway to complete the focusing and photometry procedures, press and hold the shutter button, and move the camera horizontally to re-compose.

5. What is the use of aperture priority?

Digital SLR cameras often have lenses with large aperture numbers. In automatic mode, camera programs tend to use a larger aperture to shorten the shutter time and reduce the bad shooting effect caused by vibration. However, the camera lens is usually reduced by about two levels from the maximum aperture to get the best image, so if you want to get a high-quality image, you can use the aperture priority automatic exposure to reduce the aperture from the maximum to a smaller one. In addition, a large aperture can achieve a small depth of field, which is conducive to highlighting the main body.

6. How to avoid glare

Direct sunlight will produce glare in the lens, which will seriously unbalance the contrast of the picture. At the same time, the incident light will be reflected by the lens surface to form a spot line on the CCD. A high-quality hood helps to limit glare, and using the smallest aperture can reduce these spots.

7. How to make lighting have a star effect?

In order to make the light produce the effect of stars, photographers need to use a small aperture for exposure. The smaller the aperture, the more obvious the effect.

8. How to protect the camera

In order to protect digital cameras and batteries, we should try not to use digital SLR cameras at too high or too low a temperature, never put our cameras directly in the sun for several hours, and avoid the lens facing the sun when shooting, so as not to damage the CCD board.

If you must be in the sun, you can cover the camera with a light towel or reflective material. Try to avoid shooting in rain and snow. If you want to shoot, you should do a good job of protection to avoid long-term low-temperature shooting and prevent the machine from aging. In the cold winter, machines that enter the room from the outside are prone to condensation, just like glasses worn by people.

The correct way is to put it in a sealed plastic bag and take it out when the machine temperature is consistent with the indoor temperature. Be sure to take out the battery when saving after shooting. Store in a dry place to prevent the machine from getting wet.

9. How to optimize the image quality

The image format of digital SLR camera can be JPEG or RAW, which is very beneficial to post-production. In addition, the picture in RAW format will not be automatically adjusted by the camera, and the picture quality will be better. Of course, the photographer can adjust the details of the picture by setting saturation, contrast and sharpness to make the picture quality better.

10. What is Gate B?

B-door is a mode that allows you to be exposed for a long time. Its exposure time is from the time you press the shutter to the time you release it. In the process of using door B, it is best to use tripod and cable release.

1 1. What is the function of enclosed exposure compensation?

Take more than three photos with different exposures continuously to find the most suitable exposure.

What is a highlight warning?

When the shooting information is displayed, the overexposed areas in the image will flash. In order to obtain more image details of the overexposed area, the exposure compensation should be adjusted to the negative direction and then shot.

What is a polarizer?

The most commonly used and valuable filter can deepen the tone of the blue sky and eliminate glare and reflected light.

14. How to show the size of the subject

It is difficult to directly judge the actual size of an object from photographic works. The vast sea may be just a horizontal line on the screen, while smaller objects, even objects invisible to the naked eye, can occupy a large area on the screen. At this time, it can be expressed by contrast. On the one hand, the actual size of the object can be known by comparison; On the other hand, we can express certain thoughts and feelings through exaggeration and deformation.

In order to truly show the size of the subject, it is necessary to have a companion as a reference in shooting. Generally speaking, people are familiar with and know the size of objects in daily life as comparison objects. This not only highlights the subject, but also makes the audience impressed by the actual size of the subject.

How to set the horizon?

Photographers should arrange the position of the horizon reasonably when shooting. Generally, when shooting grassland and other scenery, the horizon is arranged in one third of the picture. In addition, when shooting seascapes, the position of the horizon determines the meaning of the picture. If the horizon is in the lower third of the picture, it reflects the distance of the sea; If it is in the last third, it shows the broad feelings of going to sea.

16. What is the function of fairing?

Guang Shun can make people's faces receive light evenly, and reduce the sense of defects when shooting portraits. Forward lighting is a kind of light with the most flat effect, which is not conducive to the three-dimensional sense and spatial depth of the subject and lacks vitality.

17. What is the function of sidelight?

The effect of sidelight illumination is obviously improved, and the subject can change the light and shade, showing stereoscopic impression and surface texture, which is more in line with people's normal visual habits, so it is widely used in photography.

18. What is the function of backlight?

Backlight can outline the shape of an object and separate it from the background. Forming bright lines on the edge of the object shape can render the atmosphere to be expressed and enrich and activate the picture.

19. How to prevent camera shake?

When shooting outdoors, it is best to bring a tripod. If there is no tripod, the photographer can lean against the wall or put his hand on the railing to keep the camera balanced.

20. What are the advantages of pitching?

Overhead photography refers to the camera shooting down above the subject. This angle is like looking at the distance, and the scenery from near to far can be completely spread out from bottom to top in the picture. It is beneficial to show the level, quantity and position of the scenery on the ground level, and can give people a vast and far-reaching feeling.

2 1. What are the advantages of backhand?

Tilting upward means that the camera shoots upward under the subject. It is conducive to highlighting the tall momentum of the subject, and can fully expand the scene that grows upward like a tree on the screen. High-altitude photography close to the ground can also be used to exaggerate the movements of moving objects such as flying and jumping. It should be noted that people with fat faces should try not to pat people on the back like this.

22. What is the role of Ping She?

Ping She means that the camera and the subject shoot on the same horizontal line. At this time, the subject is not easy to deform, especially the scene of Ping She's character activities, which makes people feel more equal and cordial. When shooting natural scenery, it is very important to deal with the horizon. In order to emphasize the symmetry from top to bottom, we can put the horizon in the middle. But in general, it is necessary to avoid the situation that the horizon divides the picture equally, because in that case, the distant view and the close view will be compressed in the middle line, and the picture will appear unremarkable.

23. What did Rembrandt run out of?

Rembrandt lighting technology relies on strong side light to make any side of the subject's face show a triangular shadow. It can split the subject's face in two and make the two sides of the face look different. If you use uniform overall lighting, both sides of the subject's face will look the same.

24. What software is used for format conversion of RAW format?

The RAW format of digital SLR cameras can be processed and converted by using software such as light and shadow magic hand and Photoshop.

25. How to focus when shooting small objects in the distance?

When the object to be photographed is too far away to reach out, you can shoot with the object at the same distance. This method of forced focusing is also very practical.

26. What is the function of post-processing?

Users learn to use image editing tools. Sometimes the digital images taken by the camera are not perfect, but the advantage of digital images is that they can be easily post-processed. As long as the image editing tool software, such as Photoshop, is used correctly, satisfactory image files can be obtained. Through the processing of image editing tool software, we can highlight the underexposed image, correct the color, cut off the distracting background, and cover some small defects, for example, we can correct the defects of people's main face.

27. How to save electricity by using a digital SLR camera?

In the process of shooting, the photographer tries not to use the display screen to take pictures, but uses the small optical viewfinder of the camera. Furthermore, try not to use or use playback as little as possible to see the photos taken. Also, don't always turn the camera on and off, which will accelerate the power consumption.

28. How to make photos clearer?

For photography, clear focus is the basic requirement, but for beginners, it is difficult to ask every photo to be clearly focused. There are many factors that affect the focus definition. If we can't master them well, it will be difficult to achieve good results.