Lujiaoxiong children aesthetics photography hall

The dazzling world-Chu-Han romanticism

Daming

China's traditional aesthetic thought is mainly composed of Confucianism, Taoism, Chu and Zen. Culturalization of Chu and Han Dynasties is another great artistic tradition in ancient China, which complements the rational spirit of pre-Qin. It is a Chu culture system based on the integration of southern witch culture and northern Chinese culture in the Yellow River basin. Represented by Qu Yuan, it is full of romanticism. It is an aesthetic trend of thought that dominates the art of Han dynasty, and it is an all-encompassing and dazzling world.

China is a multi-ethnic country, which is divided and combined in the long historical process. The Chinese civilization we are talking about now mainly refers to the Central Plains in the Yellow River Basin. The primitive society in China's history developed and expanded in the Yellow River valley in the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, so the Yellow River civilization originated in the Yellow River valley naturally became the orthodox culture of the Chinese nation.

Chu nationality is a "Jingchu" and "Truman" nationality, which is a combination of a generation of barbarians born and raised in Jianghan, southern China, and a group named Jilian separated from Huangdi nationality in the northern Yellow River basin. This is the Chu people who have made great contributions to the unification of China and Chinese culture. Chu nationality is a pluralistic and unified nationality. In the thousands of years of historical evolution, it not only infiltrated and merged with the Chinese culture in the northern Yellow River basin, but also maintained a relatively independent position and cultural system. This has created the unique character and imprint of Chu people, who are barbarians in summer and barbarians in non-summer. Chu culture has its relatively independent aesthetic features and thoughts, which makes it the blood of modern China culture and art. Judging from a large number of cultural relics unearthed after liberation, not only works of art have amazing artistic achievements, but even purely practical items, Chu people also know how to shape them according to the laws of beauty, which is an extremely wonderful artistic achievement.

Chu people are a special group that is relatively independent politically and culturally in the big family of the Chinese nation. It has a profound cultural accumulation and a certain aesthetic set. In Chu art, man and nature are harmonious and unified, and the relationship between man and society is relatively harmonious. Here, the universe is a harmonious whole, and heaven and earth are a big family. Here, like naive children, they are frank and imaginative, colorful and romantic. Riding a dragon in the sea of clouds, four-pole crazy love tour; The mighty thinking of the black dragon and white tiger sky map; Praying for Feng Kui's struggle is an ode to the triumph of good spirits over evil spirits and the triumph of life over death. Myth and reality are intertwined. Here, the relationship between man and God is harmonious and equal. God is not something that cannot be approached and alienated, but the materialization of Chu people's free creative spirit and love of beauty. This is related to the living environment, cultural heritage and psychological orientation of Chu ancestors.

Judging from the living environment, Chu's democracy should be centered on Jianghan and extended to the surrounding areas, which basically belongs to the southern cultural system. As early as the primitive times, Jiang Han, who lived in a nest and worked on a fence, Chu ancestors who lived in the land of thousands of lakes and on the banks of the running river, and Wang Yangguang gave people a broad vision, and their sense of modeling was rarely limited. In Chu art, man and nature are harmonious and unified, so more primitive and natural things are preserved. They caught a glimpse of the mystery of art from their contact with nature, opened their wandering hearts, grasped the macro simulation, worshipped the magic of life and movement, and formed the aesthetic psychology of Chu State. This is different from the ancestors who lived in caves in northern China. They emphasized rationality, humanity, majesty and modesty. Chu people observe and express nature more from the perspective of natural beauty. They attach great importance to the beauty of nature and life movement, and pursue the infinite beauty of the universe and the unity of man and nature.

In terms of cultural inheritance, compared with the north, the productivity of slavery in the south is not developed enough, the remnants of clan system are preserved more, and the shackles of patriarchal clan system are relaxed. It still strongly maintains and develops splendid ancient traditions and retains the ancient southern myth-witchcraft cultural system. In the ideological field, there is still a totem of strange imagination and passion-the mythical world. The alienation of Chu people in essence is not as obvious as that in the north, and more memories of clan society are retained. Unlike Confucianism in northern China, which rationalizes ancient traditions, myths and witchcraft, humanizes people and turns strange legends into the world order of monarch, minister and father. It got rid of the shackles of Confucian moral norms on personality, and at the same time got rid of the Taoist thought of negative birth. As we all know, the Chu culture system represented by Qu Yuan has inherited the thoughts of Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi. Qu Yuan is the representative of Chu culture and the earliest and greatest poet in China. In Qu Yuan's main work Li Sao, there is a colorful imagination and emotional world, which is bright and profound. Qu Yuan's works include Li Sao, Tian Wen, Nine Songs, Nine Chapters, Nine Arguments and Evocation. It constitutes a rather prominent romantic system of southern culture. They are the continuation of the song and dance of offering sacrifices to gods in primitive Chu area, and the continuation and simulation of the legacy of primitive ancient society. It is a kind of song, dance and music about witchcraft etiquette. Emotional expression is refreshing, and the image imagination is rich and strange, without the baptism of Confucian rationality. Primitive vitality, wild interest and unrestrained imagination are more free and full.

Mentally, Chu people are "Jingchu" and "Truman" nationalities, a combination of a generation of barbarians who were born and raised in Jianghan, southern China, and a branch of Huangdi Group in the north. Therefore, the Chu nationality is a pluralistic and unified nation. Therefore, his tolerance for culture is still relatively large, with diversity and inclusiveness. It is not only the original vitality and romanticism of the southern primitive myth, but also the blending of the north and south cultures. They are relatively independent and tolerant in their psychological orientation.

The psychological structure of Chu people created Chu art, and Chu art created the common psychological structure of Chu society. Chu culture has very obvious personality characteristics.

One of the aesthetic characteristics of Chu culture is the beauty of universal space in which man and nature are integrated. Chu culture inherited the cosmic consciousness in primitive mythology and kept more primitive and natural things. Chu culture is permeated with a sense of the universe hovering around the atmosphere, as if it were in an endless universe. At the same time, he inherited many Taoist thoughts of Laozi and Zhuangzi, and absorbed the idea that "everything and I are one" from Taoism, and formed his own aesthetic characteristics through understanding the life practice of Chu ancestors and observing nature. In Chu art, from the vast sky to the happy world, man and nature are harmonious and unified. They got a glimpse of the magic of the universe from Yunshan water town, showing endless cosmic melody. Chu culture has the beauty of the universe in which man and nature are integrated.

The second aesthetic feature of Chu culture is that human personality can be fully and freely developed, with primitive vitality and wildness, full of romantic passion. The alienation of Chu people in essence is not as obvious as that in the Central Plains, and they pay more attention to individual life and freedom consciousness. In Chu culture, people's personality has been fully developed, with extraordinary vitality and exuberant vitality, full of the fun of heaven and earth and childlike innocence. It is an ideal world with seven colors of intoxication, peaceful singing and dancing, and a typical romantic kingdom. The artist's imagination is free, full of fantasy and mystery, and there is a heroic and detached artistic realm. Artists don't care about cognitive realism or whether the entity is reasonable, but pay attention to the expression of emotion, the strangeness of imagination and the expression of hidden wisdom. Chu artists use the soul of music to understand the mysteries of the universe. They pursue the overall rhythm and harmony of the universe, observe the endless space with the eyes of the soul, and express reality with the crystallization of feeling, perception, imagination and understanding. Everything in the mind is at the end of the pen, and the spatial structure is dominated by all rhythms and emotional expressions, full of romantic passion.

The third aesthetic feature of Chu culture is its rich and colorful content and dazzling form. The beauty of Chu Sao is the fusion of Confucianism and Taoism, which sublates the elements that are not harmonious with itself. The content is inclusive and diverse. The State of Chu, founded more than 800 years ago, is a country of myth and poetry, and also a gang of music, lacquer painting and dance, forming a colorful and dazzling world. Here, witchcraft myths are intertwined with secular life, heaven and earth, the Book of Changes, and the way of Laozi and Zhuangzi. Painting, poetry, music, dance and plastic arts are integrated. Smart painting complements Qu Yuan's southern sound of "writing Chu language, writing Chu sound, gathering Chu land and making Chu objects famous". Lacquerware and silk with bright colors and exquisite craftsmanship are deep and energetic. Chu's superb music created a complete twelve-tone system as early as 2400 years ago. It is the largest symphony orchestra in ancient times and is regarded as a rare great miracle in the world. Even the overlord of Chu, wielding a sword and gun, can make a sad song of "pulling out the mountain and coming out of the world". The popular folk songs in Chu influenced the feelings of plastic artists, and made the plastic arts in Chu shrouded in a transcendental and mysterious musical artistic conception. The lines are round and vigorous, showing the movement of life. The artistic conception is wild, in one go, the pulse runs through, and the lines fluctuate smoothly, just like the melody of the universe. In the art of Chu people, the double phoenix and tiger seats, the antlers and cranes, the man and monsters, and the man and ghosts can be integrated, which embodies the unique aesthetic psychology of Chu.

Han culture is an extension of Chu culture. There has been a tragic scene of Chu and Han contending in history. Xiang Yu and Liu Bang are both Chu people. Liu Gang's victory in the Chu-Han War established the Han Dynasty, which inherited the Qin system in political etiquette and the Chu culture in culture and art, which was verified in the Han stone relief and brick relief. The fantastic psychological structure of Chu people gave birth to the romantic tradition of China's art, and constructed the aesthetic characteristics and thoughts of Chu-Han romanticism in the cultural history of China, making it the blood of modern culture and art in China. The imposing manner and Gu Zhuo are the basic aesthetic features of the art in Han Dynasty. The mystery and romance of Chu culture, the vitality and wildness of Chu culture and the momentum of Han culture are exactly what modern art pursues, as is Gu Zhuo's appropriately exaggerated "clumsy" taste.

Wuhan, the capital of Hubei Province, is known as the thoroughfare of nine provinces and is located at the intersection of the Yangtze River and the Han River. It is also called "Jiangcheng" because Li Bai, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, "The Jade Emperor blows the Yellow Crane Tower, and plum blossoms fall into Jiangcheng in May". Jianghan Plain has four distinct seasons and typical natural scenery. There are more than 65,438+000 lakes dotted around the city, and dozens of peaks meander through. It is also the birthplace of the Millennium Jingchu culture, with strong Chu cultural characteristics, and is one of the famous historical and cultural cities in China.

Wuhan is usually called "Three Towns of Wuhan", which refers to Wuchang, Hankou and Hanyang separated by the Yangtze River and the Han River. Hankou is the most prosperous and lively business district in Wuhan, and it is also a commodity distribution center in Central China. Wuchang is a concentrated cultural area of colleges and universities in Wuhan, and it is the embodiment of modern urban culture in Wuhan. Hanyang is a key development zone of the municipal government, which highlights the future of Wuhan. Most of the scenic spots in Wuhan are concentrated in Wuchang and Hanyang, showing the charming style and charm of "Jiangcheng" to Chinese and foreign tourists.

The tourism department of Wuhan has integrated the tourism resources of the whole province, and developed the special tourism projects of "One Must, Two Must, Three Must" (Wudang Mountain, Chu Culture, Qingjiang Folk Custom, Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, Shennongjia and Three Kingdoms Culture), so that tourists can experience the unique charm of Chu culture in landscapes and folk customs.

Bishi Liping Orchard Farm is the only breeding base of Chinese kiwifruit in Hubei Province, producing kiwifruit series, and the output of wild kiwifruit ranks first in Hubei Province.

Wuhan specialty: Yunxian turquoise

Turquoise is one of the precious gems in the world, which is named after its green color and turquoise shape. It was called tourmaline in ancient times, "Xiangyang Dianzi" or "Jingzhou Stone" in Yuan Dynasty and "turquoise" in Qing Dynasty. As a court tribute, there are as many as 10,000 pieces of turquoise in the Palace Museum in Beijing alone. Foreign countries call it Turkish green. Because its color is rare in natural stones, it is called precious stone or semi-precious stone. Fine texture, soft luster, eye-catching and clear, is a famous high-grade specialty jade in China.