How many lighting methods are there in photography?

If the object of shooting is a person, then it is the fundamental starting point for us to express a person's facial expression and thus reflect a person's personality characteristics. Portrait shooting is nothing more than three faces: front face, three-quarters face and side face. In this sense, we can talk about the light consumption of portrait photography from three aspects: first, the light consumption of the front. The front face is all facing the camera from the human face, and all parts of the face are symmetrical, but they lack a sense of depth. According to the three kinds of lights used in most photo studios at present, it is easy to make people look fat. Then the most suitable lighting for the front face is the central lighting in the middle position (about 40-45 degrees). The lighting in this position has a good stereoscopic effect, which can be used for various types of portrait photography, and people are also familiar with the effect of light. The characters are illuminated by the light in front of them, with even and symmetrical faces and harmonious contrast between light and shade. The familiar butterfly lamp belongs to this position. In actual shooting, as long as a person's face is facing the camera, which was once favored by Hollywood photographers, the butterfly lamp, which is still commonly used by fashion photographers, is the best choice. It should be noted that in the daily shooting of our studio, due to the particularity of commercial photography, fast and convenient lighting is needed, so crocodile light (high and low light) is a quite good studio lighting based on butterfly light. Make the face of the character get soft and uniform illumination, and produce faint shadows on both sides of the cheek, so that the character has a three-dimensional effect. Two points should be paid attention to when shooting with crocodile light: first, add reflectors on both sides of the figure to reduce the light ratio and make the light transition more natural; Second, people should be located near the vertical intersection of two lamp planes. Another feature of the front is that the bilateral light in the horizontal position or the middle position is used as the main light. The lighting effect is symmetrical, and there are light edges on the whole contour line of the head. This light distribution method is the only way to use two lamps as the main light in the front face. Some photographers also call it clip light, which means that the left and right lights clip the characters in the middle to shoot, and the characters have a strong three-dimensional sense. When using this kind of lamp in the photo studio, we must pay attention to the use of the front auxiliary lamp. Generally speaking, high and low light can be used to illuminate the face in front of people. The intensity of double-edged light is one or two grades higher than that of high and low light, and the exposure is subject to the front light. The light receiving effect of the final picture is that the front side receives light evenly and the two sides receive light strongly, resulting in a contrast effect between light and dark. The picture is beautiful and bright, which is not only used for taking pictures in the photography building, but also commonly used for taking pictures of beautiful shapes such as magazine covers. Two: run out in three faces. The three-point face position starts when one eye can be seen until the contour lines of the nose tip and cheeks are in line. This position can give people a sense of depth and three-dimensional sense. Therefore, when the face runs out at three o'clock, the main light should generally be used on the narrow side of the face (the side away from the camera), which is basically the position of polarized light or cross light. This position has a strong three-dimensional sense of the characters and a sense of stability in the picture. The auxiliary light is used in front of the face, that is, in the center, and a reflector is added to the camera position. If the light ratio is properly controlled, at this time, the face of the character spreads from the far side to the near side, the light and shade gradually transition, the light is even and natural, the three-dimensional sense is strong, and there is no lack of femininity. In addition, the main light is often used in front of people's faces. Probably in the middle position (about 40-45 degrees), the lighting in this position makes the three-dimensional sense of the face of the person very good, and the cheek line effect is strong, which makes the portrait look pleasing to the eye. However, there is a big shadow on the side of the head, so we need to place an auxiliary light between the camera and the main light (near the face) or at the camera position, and control the appropriate light ratio. Tone transition must be natural, and there can be no hard shadows. There is also a seven-point face (eight-seventh) that is closer to a three-point face. The seven-point face is between the front face and the three-point face, and the lighting principle is closer to the three-point face, so I won't go into details. Three: side face lighting: the side face is easier to understand. In portrait photography, when we want to emphasize the contour line instead of the plane effect and perspective effect, we can use the side position. The light used for side position, the main light is mostly used for the front position of the person (middle or middle-high central position). The lighting effect in this position is good, the lines near the cheeks are good, and the three-dimensional sense and expressive force are quite good, which is suitable for general portrait photography. The whole picture appears smooth. When the main light is in this position, the auxiliary light should be used in the middle of the camera and the main light or at the camera position, and the auxiliary light should never be placed on the other side of the main light to avoid unnatural facial tone transition. When the main light is used in the far center position and the far cross position, it has good stereoscopic impression, strong style, strong lines near the face and obvious outline. At this time, the auxiliary light is mostly used in front of people's face or in the middle between the camera and the main light. In order to get a soft light transition, a reflector can be added at the camera position or the other side of the main light to improve the brightness of the shadow. At present, most photo studios generally use three lights on the front of the characters, so in shooting, no matter the front, three sides or sides, we can simply follow the principle that the main light should be adjusted according to the changes of the faces of the characters, and it should be used on the narrow sides of the faces of the characters; The height of the auxiliary light is slightly lower than that of the main light, and it is used on the narrow side of the face of the person; In most cases, the ground light follows the main light. According to this principle, it can not only ensure that the characters receive light evenly, but also enhance the three-dimensional sense of the characters. Of course, there are many ways to light portrait photography. Every mature photographer can design reasonable lighting according to his own intention and specific shooting theme. The lighting in portrait photography is ever-changing.