Poetry across the ocean

Crossing the ocean of zero

Author: Wen Tianxiang

Original text:

Once the effort comes, there will be fewer stars around.

The mountains and rivers are broken and the wind is floating, and life experiences are ups and downs.

The beach of fear says fear, and there is a sigh in the ocean.

Who hasn't died since ancient times? Take the heart of Dan and follow history.

Precautions:

1, Lingdingyang: Lingdingyang is Ding Yang. Now it is outside the Pearl River Estuary in Guangdong Province. 1at the end of 278, Wen Tianxiang led an army to fight fiercely with the Yuan Army in Wupoling, Guangdong, and was defeated and captured. He was once imprisoned on a ship.

2, encounter: encounter. Since then, because he was proficient in a Confucian classic and passed the imperial examination, he was used as an official by the court. At the age of twenty, Wen Tianxiang won the first prize.

3. Battle: refers to the war against Yuan. Liao (lio) Waterfall: Desolate and cold. Fell down. Four stars: the fourth anniversary. It took four years for Wen Tianxiang to fight Yuan from 1275 to be captured in 1278.

4, catkin: catkin.

5. Ping: Duckweed.

6. Fear Beach: In today's wanan county, Jiangxi Province, it is a dangerous beach in the Ganjiang River. 1277, Wen Tianxiang was defeated by the Yuan Army in Jiangxi, with heavy casualties, and his wife and children were also captured by the Yuan Army. He retreated to Fujian through the beach of fear.

7. Odd: Lonely and helpless.

8. Dan Xin: Red heart, which means loyalty.

9, history: the same sweat bamboo, history. In ancient times, bamboo slips were used to write, which was first dried with fire. After drying, it was easy to write, and it was not moth-eaten. It was also called history books.

Poetic:

Looking back on my early years, I experienced many hardships when I took the imperial examination.

It has been four years since the war stopped.

This country is in danger,

How can a person take a bath be described as duckweed?

Fear of the fiasco at the beach still scares me.

Lingdingyang was trapped in Yuan Lu, and I was lonely and miserable.

Who can live forever since ancient times?

I want to leave a patriotic heart that reflects history.

Appreciate:

Once you encounter the hardships of the first league, there are very few stars around you. Since Tianxiang was twenty years old, she was surrounded by stars for four years. In the first year of Deyou (1275), Tianxiang set out to serve the king and was captured in the first year of Xiangxing (1278), exactly four years. This self-narrative life, thinking about the present and recalling the past. From the time point of view, China's entry into WTO and diligent king are two major events, one is personal background, the other is national crisis, and the other is loyalty. In the Tang and Song Dynasties, if a person wanted to make a career for the country, he had to be an official. As an intellectual, he must pass the imperial examination, and he must read classics. When Wen Tianxiang was killed, there was a self-praise article in his belt, which said: What did you learn from reading the books of sages? Every now and then, he is innocent, and it is to tie these two things together. The works of saints are called classics, which govern the country and make it safe. These two poems are about two things, which seem to be separate and independent, but in essence they are linked together. There are few fights, and the meaning is similar. The Biography of Gengge in the Later Han Dynasty is difficult to combine: it is still sparse and wide. Sparse width means sparse and sparse, just like sparse. "History of Song Dynasty" said that after thanking Qin Wang at that time, few people responded, and the situation here is a historical fact.

Zhuan Xu went on to say that mountains and rivers are broken and the wind is floating, and life experiences are ups and downs. Or from the country and the individual two aspects to expand and describe in depth. In the Song Dynasty, Emperor Yun was captured and actually died. What is left is that the local military and civilians automatically organize themselves to resist. Wen Tianxiang, Zhang Shijie and others supported Duan to live in Zhao Yu, and were scared to death in the escape. In Lu Xiufu, Zhao Min, an eight-year-old Jianxin Palace, was rebuilt on the cliff mountain, and he was exiled everywhere. He used the broken mountains and rivers to describe this situation, saying that the wind was floating, vivid and depressing. At this point, Wen Tianxiang's biological mother was captured, his wife and concubine were imprisoned, and his eldest son died. Really like duckweed on the water, helpless and desolate.

Necklace continues to recall different situations and moods in the past and present. In the past, I was afraid of the beach, worried about the country and the people, and was fearful; Today, I am alone in the ocean, sighing alone. Huangjitan is one of the eighteen beaches in Ganjiang River, which is fast-flowing and frightening, also known as fear beach. Formerly known as Huanggongtan, it was mistakenly called Huanggongtan because of its similar pronunciation. The beach is in Ganjiang River, wanan county, Jiangxi Province, and Wen Tianxiang passed by here when he started his army. Ling is in Yashan Mountain, 0/5 miles away from Guangdong Pearl River/Kloc-,and now the famous actress and Wen Tianxiang are defeated and captured, and escorted here. The former is a memory, and the latter is the current reality. Both of them have experienced it personally. One is a war general and the other is a prisoner. Pretending to be a war general and facing powerful enemies, I'm afraid I can't complete the mission of defending my country. As a prisoner, only one person is lonely. Here, the wind is floating, the rain is beating, the beach of fear and the ocean of the ocean are all the scenery in front of us. They are handy, fighting neatly, with natural language and vivid images, showing a cavity of grief and anger and tears.

When the tail is connected, it suddenly falls, crossing from the present to the future, pushing away the reality and revealing the ideal. This conclusion is like ringing a bell, ringing all the sounds around the beam. The style of the whole poem changes suddenly, from depression to development, bold and free and easy. Since ancient times, no one has died in life, leaving a heart that shines through history. Let the heart of sincerity be like fire, shine on history, light up the world and warm life. With a photo, it looks radiant and heroic. It is said that Zhang Hongfan saw Wen Tianxiang's poems, especially those two couplets, and even said: Good man, good poem! It is true that Wen Tianxiang integrated poetry with life, and poetry with personality. A masterpiece of a thousand years, with high sentiment, inspires and inspires countless people with lofty ideals to devote themselves heroically to the just cause throughout the ages.

Wen Tianxiang crossed a lonely ocean.

Crossing the ocean of zero

Author: Wen Tianxiang

Once the effort comes, there will be fewer stars around.

The mountains and rivers are broken and the wind is floating, and life experiences are ups and downs.

The beach of fear says fear, and there is a sigh in the ocean.

Since ancient times, no one has died in life, leaving a heart that shines through history.

Precautions:

1, History: In ancient times, when writing on bamboo slips, bamboo pieces were cooked with fire to prevent insects from eating them. Because the moisture of bamboo slices evaporates like sweat, it is called history, and it is also done in this way. This refers specifically to history books.

2. Lingdingyang: Lingdingyang, now the Pearl River Estuary in the south of Zhongshan, Guangdong. Wen Tianxiang was captured by the Yuan Army in December of the first year of Zhao Minxiang's reign at the end of the Song Dynasty (1278) and imprisoned in the Lingdingyang warship. In the first month of the following year, Yuan Marshal Zhang Hongfan attacked Cliff Mountain, forcing Wen Tianxiang to hand over Zhang Shijie, the commander-in-chief who stuck to Cliff Mountain. So, Wen Tianxiang wrote this poem.

3. Hard sentences: trace back to the early life experience and all kinds of hardships since becoming an official. Encounter, encounter the court selection; It used to refer to an official who passed the imperial examination because he was proficient in a certain classic. Wen Tianxiang has been in Baoyou, Song Lizong for four years (1256), ranking first among Jinshi.

4, fighting down: falling means cold and sparse. Here, song and yuan war is drawing to a close. Fighting, two weapons, here refers to war. Sparse and desolate. The Southern Song Dynasty died in this year (1279), and at this time it was unable to resist. Surrounding stars: Zhou Xing is the annual star, which circulates in the sky for twelve years, so Zhou Xing refers to twelve years. Surrounding the stars, that is, in 48 years, Wen Tianxiang was 44 years old when he wrote this poem, and the surrounding stars here are integers. In the old note, 1275, the four years since Wen Tianxiang applied for Qin Wang, in fact, the first two sentences of this poem should be understood together, which is a review of the poet's life experience.

5. He Shan's sentence: With the rhetorical devices of antithesis and metaphor, the fate of the country and the fate of the individual are linked together, which vividly shows the stormy political situation and shows that the situation of the country and the fate of the individual are irreversible. Catkin floating in the wind: using figurative rhetoric to describe the national conditions as irretrievably floating catkins; Rain hits duckweed: It is a metaphor that a person's life experience is bumpy, just like duckweed in the rain, drifting without roots and ups and downs.

6. Fear Beach: In today's Ganjiang River in Wan 'an, Jiangxi Province, the current is swift and extremely sinister, and it is one of the eighteen beaches of Ganjiang River. In the second year of Zong Jingyan, Song Rui (1277), Wen Tianxiang was defeated in Jiangxi and retreated to Fujian through the beach.

7. Zero sentence: I am lonely and helpless, lamenting the status quo, lamenting my courage and isolation. After the poet was captured, he was imprisoned in a warship in Lingdingyang.

8. Keep a pure heart and shine in history: keep loyalty and go down in history forever. Dan Xin: Red heart means loyalty. History: Because bamboo water evaporates like sweat, it is called history. Especially history.

Translation:

The hardships of my life,

It all started with a Confucian classic;

Since leading the rebel army against the Yuan Army,

After four years of hard work.

The great rivers and mountains of the motherland were fragmented under the enemy's aggression.

Like a strong wind blowing away catkins;

My life experience is also turbulent,

It's like duckweed bumping and sinking under heavy rain.

Thinking of Jiangxi's defeat before,

The scene of (oneself) leaving the beach of fear,

A dangerous torrent, a grim situation,

It is still frightening;

Thinking that Wulingpo was completely annihilated last year,

Trapped in the enemy,

Now in the vast ocean,

I can only lament my loneliness.

People have been alive since ancient times,

Who hasn't died

Die for your country, die a fair death,

(Let me) leave this sincere heart to shine in history!

Appreciate:

This poem was written after Wen Tianxiang was captured. The poet recalled a sentence or two of his life, but limited by space, in his writing, he cited two things: becoming an official and losing the battle. The four sentences in the middle clearly express the author's understanding of the current situation: the country is in turmoil, the tragedy of national subjugation is inevitable, and personal fate is even more out of the question. However, in the face of this great change, the poet did not think of his personal way out and future, but deeply regretted that he failed to win a military victory in air navigation two years ago, thus turning the situation around. At the same time, I feel particularly sad for my isolation. Between the lines, it is not difficult to feel the great pain of the author's country's ruin and death, as well as the bleak mood of self-blame and self-sigh. The last two sentences are a poet's choice of his own destiny without hesitation. This adds a tragic and passionate strength and self-confidence to the previous feelings and grievances, showing a unique lofty beauty. This is not only the embodiment of the poet's personality charm, but also the unique spiritual beauty of the Chinese nation, far beyond the scope of language and writing.

Poems crossing Huaqing Palace

Poems crossing Huaqing Palace

Crossing Huaqing Palace

Author: Du Mu

Original text:

Looking back at Chang 'an, Mount Li is like a pile of splendid scenery, and the gates of Huaqing Palace on the top of the mountain are opened in turn.

As soon as I rode on the smile of smoke and smoke, no one knew that the fresh fruit litchi was sent from the south.

Precautions:

1, Huaqing Palace: Yuanhe County Records: Huaqing Palace is on Mount Li, and the Hot Spring Palace was set in the early years of the eleventh year of Kaiyuan. Tianbao was changed to Huaqing Palace in six years. He also built the hall of eternal life, named Jilingtai, to worship the gods.

2. Embroidered piles: Mount Li has East Embroidered Ridge on the right and West Embroidered Ridge on the left. Tang Xuanzong planted trees and flowers on the ridge of the field, which was lush.

3. Thousand gates: describe the magnificent palace at the top of the mountain with many portals. Second place: in turn.

4, a ride (ancient J read Ji, now generally read Qi (two tones)): refers to the person riding a horse.

5. Red dust: refers to the dust flying when riding a horse.

6. Concubine: refers to the imperial concubine of Yang Yuhuan.

7. Red dust: This refers to flying dust. Concubine: Yang Guifei. Music history "Biography of Yang Taizhen": On the last day, I said: Enjoy the famous flowers, don't use old music words for concubines! Biography of Li Guifei in the New Tang Dynasty: My concubine loves litchi and wants to be born, so she rides it, travels thousands of miles, and reaches the capital without changing her taste. Tang Shi Supplement: Yang Guifei was born in Shu, loves litchi, and was born in Nanhai, especially in Shu, so she flies forward every year. However, the party is familiar with the heat, and it will be defeated. It is unknown to future generations. Press: This poem may be freehand brushwork, intended to satirize Xuanzong's favorite concubine, and it is impossible to verify all the historical facts one by one. In the Tang Dynasty, the litchi in Lingnan could not be transported to Chang 'an, so Su Shi said that the litchi at this time came from Fuzhou, not Lingnan (Note on Ji Tang Looking in the Mirror). Litchi ripe season, Xuanzong imperial concubine is not in Lishan. Xuanzong entered Huaqing Palace every winter and October, and returned to Chang 'an the following spring. Chen Yinke, a close friend, also made textual research on the fallacy of Cheng's Archaeological Compilation.

8. knowing is: knowing.

Poetic:

Looking back at Mount Li from Chang 'an,

I saw trees, flowers and buildings, just like a pile of splendid scenery.

On the top of the mountain, the palace doors are opened layer by layer.

The post horse runs so fast that it can't see clearly what it is carrying.

Only Yang Guifei looked at the mountain from a distance.

I smiled happily when I learned that my favorite litchi had arrived.

Appreciate:

Huaqing Palace was built in 723 AD (the 11th year of the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty), where Emperor Xuanzong and Yang Guifei had fun. Many poets in later generations have written poems about Huaqing Palace, and Du Mu's quatrains are particularly exquisite and well-known. This poem lashed out at the extravagant life of Xuanzong and Yang Guifei through the typical event of sending litchi, with a slight artistic effect.

The first sentence describes the scenery of Mount Li where Huaqing Palace is located. The poet writes from the perspective of looking back at Chang 'an, just like a cinematographer. He first presents a broad and far-reaching panorama of Mount Li to the audience: lush trees, lush flowers and plants, palaces and castles stand among them, just like a beautiful group. Pile embroidery not only refers to the East Embroidery Ridge and the West Embroidery Ridge on both sides of Mount Li, but also describes the beauty of Mount Li.

Then, the scene moved forward, showing the magnificent palace on the top of the mountain. The normally closed palace door suddenly opened slowly. Then there are two close-ups: outside the palace, an emissary is riding a horse, flying fast, raising clouds of red dust behind him; In the palace, the princess smiled. Several shots seem to be unrelated to each other, but they all contain the suspense carefully arranged by the poet: Why are thousands of doors open? Why did a car come? Why did Yu Ji laugh again? The poet deliberately kept silent until the tense and mysterious atmosphere made the reader want to know, and then implicitly and euphemistically revealed the mystery: no one knew it was litchi. The word litchi tells the whole story. Biography of Yang Guifei in the New Tang Dynasty: I love litchi, so I want to live it, so I ride it and travel thousands of miles. Her taste has not changed, and she has arrived in the capital. Knowing this, the suspense in front was released at once, and those shots naturally merged.

Wu Qiao's "Poems Around the Furnace" said: Poetry has implications, especially for people who have no definite view of the story. The artistic charm of Du Mu's poems lies in its implication and profundity. In the poem, I don't understand Xuanzong's debauchery and lust, and the imperial concubine's lust and arrogance. The vivid contrast between riding the world of mortals and the princess's smile has received much stronger artistic effect than expressing opinions directly. The word "princess smile" has a profound meaning. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Zhou Youwang smiled for Bo Feizi and lit a bonfire, which led to the country's demise. After reading this, readers can easily think of this well-known story. The word unknown is also thought-provoking. In fact, litchi is not unknown, at least the concubine knows, and so does the emperor who is not named in the poem. This writing is to show that this matter is very important and urgent, and there is no reason for outsiders not to know. This not only exposes the absurdity of the emperor's doing everything he can to please his favorite concubine, but also echoes the unusual atmosphere rendered earlier. The whole poem does not need difficult words, allusions and carvings. Simple and natural, profound and powerful. It is a masterpiece of history in the quatrains of the Tang Dynasty.

Poems in the old village

Poems in the old village

Passing through the village of the old man

Tang Meng Hao ran

Prepare chicken and rice for me, old friend,

You entertained me on your farm.

We look at the green trees around your village.

And pale blue in remote mountainous areas.

Hold banquets, nurseries,

Talking about Sang Ma with a glass in hand.

By the time we spend our holidays in the mountains,

I'll come back at chrysanthemum time.

Precautions:

1, Guo: visit.

2, collocation: preparation.

3. Yard: the small yard of farmers.

5. Just: Go ahead. The meaning here is appreciation.

Translation:

Old friends prepared yellow rice and roast chicken.

Invited me to visit his simple family.

The village is surrounded by a circle of green trees.

The suburbs are covered with green hills.

Pushing open the window, the field is facing the nursery.

Drinking wine and talking about agriculture, mulberry and horses.

On the Double Ninth Festival in September,

Try chrysanthemum wine again!

Appreciate:

This is an idyllic poem, which describes the quiet and leisurely life scene of farmers and the friendship of old friends. Poetry is written all the way from invitation to hope, which is natural and smooth. The language is unpretentious and the artistic conception is fresh and meaningful.

This is a very simple pastoral landscape painting. Sincere and cordial friendship, a typical farm life scene, combines the beauty of nature, life and friendship in one furnace, which shows the harmony of the poet's inner world.

Shen Deqian said that Meng Haoran's poems are light in language and taste (Tang poetry). In other words, when reading Meng Shi, we should appreciate its inner charm through its faint appearance. Passing through an old friend's village is not the lightest of Meng's poems, but its description is dull, its language is clean, and there are almost no exaggerated sentences and exciting words. It is also a poem that is too light to read (Meng Haoran of Wen Yiduo). Where is its poetry?

This old friend prepared a delicious meal and invited me to his hospitable farm. This beginning is like a note in a diary. I came at the invitation of an old friend. There is no rendering in the text, I am here at the call, simple and casual. This is just a possible form between friends who don't need to be polite. The invitation of chicken and millet not only reflects the unique flavor of Tianjia, but also reflects the simplicity of hospitality. It is this kind of hospitality without ceremony and ostentation and extravagance that makes the hearts of friends more open to each other. This beginning is calm and natural, but it is an excellent introduction to the content of life to be developed, showing the characteristics of the atmosphere, which needs to be further enriched and developed below.

Green Woods surround the village and green hills are located outside the city. Walking into the village and looking around is a fresh and pleasant feeling. These two sentences are close to the border and surrounded by green trees, which seem to be unique and unique. The next sentence is light, accompanied by green hills abroad, which makes the village not lonely and shows a broad prospect. The village is located in Pingchou, far away from the green hills, which makes people feel light and quiet and never lonely. It is precisely because the old friend Zhuang appeared in such a natural and social environment that the guest and the host raised their glasses at the window. We opened your window, crossed the garden and the field, and talked about mulberry and hemp with cups in our hands, which was even more carefree. The word "open porch" here seems to be inadvertently written into the poem, but the above two sentences are about the location of the village. Here, the narrator drinks and chats in the house. When the porch window is opened, the position is reflected in the room, giving people a more relaxed and happy feeling. For these two sentences, people pay more attention to Sang Ma, and think that it is good to meet each other without miscellaneous words (Tao Yuanming's Return to the Countryside) and forget about farming. But there are threshing floors and vegetable gardens in front of the entrance window, surrounded by green shade, giving people a spacious and stretched feeling. Sang Ma makes you feel more rural. Therefore, we can not only appreciate the stronger local flavor, the flavor of labor production, but also smell the soil flavor on the nursery, see the growth and harvest of crops, and even feel the characteristics of regions and seasons. With the combination of these two sentences and the first two sentences, green trees, green hills, cottages, playgrounds and Sang Ma blend together harmoniously, forming a beautiful and quiet pastoral landscape, while the laughter of the host and guest and the words about Sang Ma seem to linger in our ears. It is different from the pure fantasy of the Peach Blossom Garden, but it is more realistic in the prosperous Tang society. It is in such a world that poets who once lamented that the lords in the kingdom were harsh on us and unpredictable not only forgot the setbacks encountered in political pursuit, but also the gains and losses of fame and fortune, and even the lonely and depressed mood in seclusion. It seems not hard to imagine that his thoughts are relaxed, and even his actions are flexible, from his view of mountains and rivers, from his * * * words about wine with friends in Sang Ma. The environment and atmosphere of the farm showed its conquest here, which made Meng Haoran seem to be converted.

Please come here to see chrysanthemums when the ninth festival comes. Meng Haoran was deeply attracted by farm life, so when he left, he told his master frankly that he would come back to see chrysanthemums on the Double Ninth Festival in autumn. A few simple poems, the enthusiasm of old friends to treat each other, the pleasure of being a guest, and the cordial harmony between the host and the guest are all on the paper. This can't help but remind people of Du Fu's "being drunk by Tianfu mud": when the moon rises, I stay, but I still ask for help. Du's father supports people, and he is in a hurry; Montessori made an appointment with an old friend again to soften his words. The difference between the stagnation and Meng's calmness may give us a glimpse of some news.

An ordinary farm, an ordinary dinner of chicken and millet is so poetic. It describes the prospect of the eyes, and the level of description is completely natural in spoken language. The pen and the pen are very relaxed, and even the form of rhythmic poetry is free and flexible. You only think that this brisk and approachable style is in line with the simple peasant countryside he described, which shows that the form and content are highly adapted, but they are calm and kind, but not dull. Plain contains deep affection. On the one hand, although there is almost no trace of strenuous exercise in every sentence, on the other hand, there has never been weakness in every sentence. For example, the first two sentences of the poem only write the invitation of friends, but they can show the simple peasant atmosphere; Three or four sentences only write green trees and green mountains, but you can see a world; Five or six sentences only write wine gossip, but they can show the comfortable fit between mood and environment; Seven or eight sentences only say that Chongyang will come again, but naturally they show their attachment to this village and old friends. These sentences are balanced and even, and together with * * *, they form a complete artistic conception, which combines quiet and beautiful pastoral scenery with simple and sincere friendship. This is the so-called wonderful pen, which has no syntax (Shen Deqian's Tang poetry). It's coincidence and misfortune not to be strange (Pi Rixiu's Meng Ting in Yunzhou). He deeply integrated artistic beauty into the flesh and blood of the whole poem, which seemed natural and natural. This kind of showmanship is not dazzling, not showing off skills, not only relying on one or two carefully crafted sentences to prop up the facade, but also reflecting the superb artistic level. For example, a beautiful woman, her beauty is perfect and holistic, not because a certain part is particularly touching. Instead of putting on airs, she was amazed by a natural color and charm. It is precisely because of the true reflection that the words are free and easy and clear, which makes the whole poem show its charm from a light touch without heavy makeup.