Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Photography major - How did Huangshan and Huashan get their names respectively?

How did Huangshan and Huashan get their names respectively?

Huangshan was formerly known as Zhishan. In the sixth year of Tianbao in Tang Dynasty (747), Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty renamed it Huangshan according to the legend that Xuanyuan Huangdi collected herbs and made an alchemy here. In the past, in the inner room, no one knew her. A wonderful and beautiful mountain was blocked by it. As soon as it appeared, it aroused people's strong interest. Liu Haisu, a master of fine arts and a famous painter, climbed Mount Huangshan at the age of 93, regardless of his advanced age and infirmity. Hong Kong photographer Luo Sumin has been to Huangshan Mountain for 20 times, no matter how far the journey is. 16 16, a geographer in Ming dynasty 16 18 climbed Huangshan Mountain under extremely difficult conditions and risked his life, and reached the top twice. Sigh and praise it to show future generations: "There is no Huangshan Mountain in China and abroad. When there is no mountain in Huangshan, the view will stop! "

Mount Huashan

Huashan Mountain, called "Xiyue" in ancient times, is one of the five famous mountains in China. Located in huayin city, Shaanxi Province, it is 20 kilometers away from xi 'an154.9 meters above sea level, ranking first among the five mountains. It borders the Qinling Mountains in the south and overlooks Huang Wei in the north, guarding the heart of ancient China-the gateway to the Central Plains in Guanzhong area of Chang 'an, which was called "the land of abundance" in ancient times and known as "the first mountain in the world".

Huashan is composed of a complete and huge granite body, and its historical evolution can be traced back to10.2 billion years ago. According to Shan Hai Jing, "Taihua Mountain is divided into four directions, 5 thousand meters high and 10 miles wide."

At present, there are five peaks in Huashan Mountain: East, West, South, North and Middle. The main peaks are "Wild Goose" in the south, "Chaoyang" in the east and "Lotus" in the west. The three peaks stand tall, and the shadow of white clouds falls into the Yellow River, which is called "the three peaks in the sky". There are also two peaks, Yuntai and Jade Girl, which complement each other. There are 36 small peaks in front, and the weather is dense. Due to the changeable climate on the mountain, Yunhua Mountain, Yuhua Mountain, Fog Mountain and Snow Mountain give people the beauty of fairyland. It is the so-called Wang Xijing Qi.

Huashan Mountain is one of the cradles of China culture. According to Zhang Taiyan, a famous scholar in Qing Dynasty, "China" and "Huaxia" were both named after Huashan Mountain. There are records about Huashan Mountain in Shangshu. There are also stories of Huangdi, Yao and Shun Huashan cruising in historical records. More than a dozen emperors, including Qin Shihuang, Han Wudi, Wu Zetian and Tang Xuanzong, also went to Huashan for large-scale sacrificial activities.

Huashan Mountain is also a Taoist resort, the "fourth cave", with Chen Tuan, Hao Datong and He Yuanxi as the most famous Taoist experts. There are 72 semi-suspended caves and more than 20 Taoist temples in the mountain, among which Yuquanyuan, Presiding College and Yue Zhen Palace are listed as national key Taoist temples.

Left behind the footprints of countless celebrities, but also left behind countless stories and monuments. Since the Sui and Tang Dynasties, scholars such as Li Bai and Du Fu have recited more than a thousand Huashan poems, inscriptions and travel notes, and there are as many as a thousand stone carvings. Many literati, from Yang Zhen in Han Dynasty to Feng Congwu and Gu in Ming and Qing Dynasties, all lived in seclusion in Hua Valley and opened museums for their disciples, which were very beautiful for a while. Among the many stories in Huashan Mountain, the most popular fairy tales are "Genie splits the mountain", "Aquilaria aloes splits the mountain to save the mother" and "Blowing a flute to attract a phoenix". Huashan Mountain is also one of the nine scenic spots in China. Huashan Mountain is located in East China Peak (also known as Chaoyang Peak), and Chaoyang Terrace is the best place. There are more than 265,438+00 famous scenic spots in Huashan Mountain, including a long plank road erected in the air, a kite turned over on three sides, thousands of feet Tower, Bai Chi Gorge and Laojun Plough. Carved on a cliff. Among them, Kazuki Watanabe musician Zhang Xian is listed as the first of the eight scenic spots in Guanzhong.

east?wind

At an altitude of 2096.2 meters, it is one of the main peaks of Huashan Mountain, named after its location in the east. There is a platform on the top of the mountain, which is dangerous and has a wide view. It is a famous place to watch the sunrise, called Chaoyang Terrace, and the east wind is also called Chaoyang Peak.

The East Peak consists of four peaks, with one master and three servants, with Chaoyang Tower as the highest peak, Jade Girl Mountain in the west, Shilou Peak in the east and Taibo in the south. The guests and friends are orderly and show their merits. The ancients called Huashan three peaks, referring to the east, west and south peaks, and Yunv Mountain is an integral part of the east wind. Today, people call Yunv Mountain the middle peak, which makes it exist alone as the main peak of Huashan Mountain.

In ancient times, it was said that the road to climb Dongfeng was full of dangers. "Three Stories" records that a hill is like a cut slope, tens of feet high, with only a few feet cut on it, and there are no branches and vines on both sides to climb. Only when people reach the top can they reach the top with their feet and hands. Today, several climbing steps are opened and widened, and tourists can arrive safely.

The East Peak is all Qiao Song, which is shaded by the sun and the environment is very quiet. Visitors walk through the pine forest, and there are groups of talented people under the shade, such as umbrellas, and pines in their ears, such as chanting, which is refreshing. Lv Wang, a painter and calligrapher in Ming Dynasty, talked about his own experience in The Story of Dongfeng, saying: The tall cypress trees covered the peak, the stone paths under the trees were refreshing and quiet, and the wind passed through the forest, adding a musical charm to Cangsong. Its rhythm is like blowing bamboo and knocking stones. Well done!

There are dozens of landscapes in the east wind, and there are natural stone patterns on the cliff on the side of Dongshilou Peak, like huge handprints. This is Kazuki Watanabe musician's Zhang Xian, who is listed as the first of the eight scenic spots in Guanzhong, and the story of the giant spirit god opening a mountain to draw water from it. There is Yanggong Pagoda in Chaoyang District, opposite to Yanggong Pagoda in Xifeng. It was built by General Yang Hucheng, and the tower has the words "Vientiane Rosen" inscribed by General Yang Hucheng. In addition, Dongfeng also has Qinglong Lake, Ganluchi, Sanmao Cave, Qingxu Cave, Bajing Palace and Taiji Dongyuanmen. Unfortunately, some landscapes have been abandoned because of age or natural and man-made disasters, leaving only ruins. After the 1980s, the Dongfeng landscape gradually recovered. Dangerous roads were repaired and reinforced, and pavilions were rebuilt. A two-story wooden pavilion, Dongfeng Hotel, was re-erected on the old site of Bajing Palace, which was destroyed by fire in 1953.

Nanfeng

Nanfeng, 2 154.9 meters above sea level, is the highest main peak in Huashan Mountain and the highest peak in Wuyue Mountain. The ancients respectfully called it "the head of Huashan Mountain". Climbing to the south peak, I feel that the sky is close at hand and the stars can be picked. Looking around, we can see the rolling mountains, the vastness of the Yellow River and the vastness of the desert plain, which makes people really appreciate the majestic momentum of Huashan Mountain and enjoy the magical interest of being close to heaven and walking around.

On the south side of the summit is a steep cliff, standing like a knife, facing deep faults and isolated from Sangong Mountain and three san. Nanfeng consists of one peak and two peaks, one in the east is called Song Qifeng, and the other in the west is called Luo Yanfeng. It is said that Nanfeng consists of three peaks, including Xiaozi Peak to the west of Luoyan Peak. In this way, the Wild Goose Peak is the highest, the Pine Castanopsis peak is in the east, and the filial son peak is in the west. The overall image is an round-backed chair, and the three peaks are like a giant sitting facing south. Yuan Hongdao, an Amin, described Nanfeng's image in Huashan Ji, saying, "If a man sits in danger, he will lead him to his knees."

The origin of the name "Wild Goose Peak" is said to be that the returning geese often fall and rest here. The highest point of the summit is the top of Huashan Mountain, and climbers are proud to be able to reach it. Scholars of past dynasties often express their lofty sentiments and write poems here, so there are many poems and songs left for future generations. The inscriptions on the cliffs at the summit are even more dazzling and can be seen everywhere. Feng Zhi recorded in Yunxian Miscellanies that Li Bai, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, climbed Nanfeng and sighed, "This mountain is the highest, and the breath can feel the Emperor of Heaven. I wish I hadn't brought Xie Tiao's amazing words of scratching my head and asking for heaven. " Kou Zhun, a famous figure in the Song Dynasty, wrote: "Only the sky is above, and there is no mountain and peace. Raise your head, the sun is near, lower your head, the white clouds are low. There are many landscapes around Luoyanfeng, with Yangtianchi and Black Dragon Pool at the highest point, Anyu Zhenren niche and welcoming pine on the southwest cliff.

The peak of pine and cypress is slightly lower than the peak of wild goose, but the area of wild goose is larger. The peak of Qiao Songju blocks the sun, so it is called Songju Peak. Wang Hong, a famous Confucian in Huayin, wrote that Song Bingfeng was the master of Nanfeng. Bai Di Temple, also known as Jintian Palace, built on the top of the mountain, is the main temple of Shao Hao, the God of Huashan Mountain. Because the roof of the main hall in the temple is covered with iron tiles, some people call it the iron tile hall. There are many landscapes around Song Qifeng, including Baguachi, Nantianmen, Yuan Chaodong, aerial plank road, Quanzhen Rock, Avoidance Rock, Eagle Wing Stone and Yanggongting.

There are many poems about the southern peak of Huashan Mountain in the past dynasties. Lv Wang, a painter in the Ming Dynasty, wrote the poem "Southern Peak":

Scratching the sky, I left Li Chenxian.

Return to greed and fly to the highest peak.

Angry spit HarmonyOS system, God surpasses Tai Chi first.

How did Mao Long borrow it to the edge of Wucheng?

Xifeng

Xifeng is 2082.6 meters above sea level, one of the main peaks of Huashan Mountain, and it is named because of its location in the west. Because there are huge stones shaped like lotus petals on the peak, ancient scholars often call them Lotus Peak and Furong Peak. Yuan Hongdao described in his "Huashan on Sword": "The stone leaf cover is cracked horizontally"; Xu Xiake's Diary of You Tai Hua Shan also describes: "The stone rises on the peak and is covered with stone pieces, such as lotus." There is a phrase in Li Bai's poem that "a lotus flower is made of stone", which should also refer to this stone.

Xifeng is a complete boulder, which is natural. The cliffs in the northwest are as high as thousands of feet, like knives and saws. Its steep, majestic and masculine posture is the representative of Huashan Mountain, so the ancients often called Huashan Lotus Mountain.

Dengxi Peak is far away, the mountains are continuous, the clouds are lingering, Zhou Ye screens are open, and Huang Wei winds. When you enter the celestial world, all kinds of vulgar ideas will be swept away. Chen Tuan, a famous hermit in the Song Dynasty, wrote a famous sentence in the poem Xifeng: "Send a message to avoid guests, this is a fairy town".

The south cliff of Xifeng and Nanfeng are connected by a ridge, which is more than 300 meters long and pale in stone. It looks like a shrinking dragon. People call it Quling, also known as Xiaoheiling, which is one of the famous dangerous roads in Huashan.

There are many scenic spots on Xifeng Mountain, including Cui Yun Palace, Lotus Cave, a man's feet, an axe and a stone, and the Snake Cliff. , accompanied by many beautiful myths and legends, among which the story of saving the mother by cutting the mountain with agarwood is the most widely spread. Cliff carvings are everywhere on the peak, and there are many kinds of works, including grass and seals. The top of the mountain in the north is called Xishilou Peak. On the top of the mountain, the Yang Gong Pagoda was built by General Yang Hucheng, and it was inscribed by General Yang. There is an inscription on the rock under the tower, written by calligrapher Wang Duo.

There are many poems about Xifeng sung by ancient and modern scholars. In the Tang Dynasty, Qiao Shi wrote an inscription on the floating picture of Xifeng Qin Huang Guan Ji; Lv Wang, a painter and calligrapher in Ming Dynasty, wrote the story of entering Huashan to Xifeng. Even in the Tang Dynasty, the Imperial Examination and imperial academy all focused on the Lotus Peak. Liu Tang Naruhito's poem "Try Lotus Peak" wrote:

Taihua weighs more than 10 thousand yuan, which is the only peak.

Lonely in autumn, like hibiscus.

Qian Xun branch of cypress, a flower of Wei Qing.

There is a girl show in the air, and the spirit has feathers.

The reflection closes the road, and the incense excites the temple pine.

There is not enough dust, and the horses and chariots are the narrowest.

Beifeng

The northern peak is 16 14.9 meters above sea level, and it is one of the main peaks of Huashan Mountain, so it is named because it is located in the north. The North Peak hangs on all sides, crowned with Jing Yun, and connected with the earth. It is as prominent as a cloud platform, so it is also called Yuntai Mountain. Tang Li Bai's Song of Xi Yue Yuntai Sending Dan Qiu Zi once wrote: "The three peaks are all to be destroyed, and the green cliff is high. The gold in Bai Di is full of vitality and the stone is a lotus cloud. "

The peak is adjacent to Bai Yunfeng in the north, Sean in the east, three peaks in the east, west and south, and Goulou is a dangerous road. The peak is made up of several groups of huge stones, which is natural. There is a platform at the top, once there was a pavilion leaning against the clouds, and now there is a site, which is a good place to see Huashan and Heilong Mountain in the south. The trees at the waist of the peak are lush and delicate, which is an ideal rest place on the way to climb the top of Huashan Mountain. 1996 The cable car opened stands on the east wall of the mountain peak.

There are many scenic spots on the top of the mountain, such as Zhenwutang, Jiaogong Stone Chamber, Changchun Stone Chamber, Jade Girl Window, Xianyou Palace, Shentu Cliff, Yiyun Pavilion, Laojun Plow Hanging Place, Tieniu Terrace, Baiyun Wonderland Stone Archway and so on, and all the scenic spots are accompanied by beautiful myths and legends.

Changchun Shishi was the secluded place of Taoist Du Beiqian during Zhenguan period in Tang Dynasty. Legend has it that Du Beiqian painstakingly cultivated broken grains and liked to play the flute. He often asks his disciples to buy many flutes. After playing a song, he threw the flute under the cliff, threw it away and bought it back, and it was interrupted again and again. Because he couldn't afford to live in a cliff cave, he named himself Mr. Changchun.

Zhenwu Hall is dedicated to Zhenwu the Great, the northern god guarding Kyushu. Jiaogong Stone Chamber, Xianyou Palace and Shentu Cliff are all named after the legend of Jiaogong Light. According to legend, during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, a Taoist lived alone in Yuntai Mountain, eating Xia and drinking dew, avoiding the valley, and there were often three bluebirds around him, reporting his future to him. When Emperor Yuwen Yong heard his name, he went to the mountain pavilion and asked, and ordered a palace to be built in front of Jiaogong Stone House for him to live in. When the palace was built, there was no soil or oil on the top of the mountain. When Jiao Daoguang prayed silently, the soil gushed from the cliff. The oil in the tank is also self-satisfied overnight and inexhaustible. Later, people called the place where the earth fell on the sacred cliff and the place where the oil tank was put as Xianyou Palace.

Due to natural and man-made disasters, many landscapes in Beifeng have been destroyed, leaving only relics, some of which have been little known for a long time. Zhenwutang, the main building of Beifeng, has been renovated for thousands of years. "The Continuation of Kazuki Watanabe musician" contains: "In recent years, the temple foundation has been destroyed, and the first floor of the middle reaches of the Yellow River is the grand view of Ning Fei!" During the Cultural Revolution, the buildings in Beifeng were destroyed by fire, leaving only broken walls. This building was rebuilt on 1988. Surrounded by mountains and rivers, it is simple and elegant, retaining the original architectural style and becoming one of the main cultural landscapes of Beifeng.

1949 On the eve of the liberation of Huayin, Han Zipei, Commissioner of the Eighth Administrative Supervision District of Shaanxi Province of the Kuomintang and Brigadier of the Sixth Shaanxi Security Brigade, led more than 100 remnants to flee to Huashan in an attempt to make a final struggle by relying on natural disasters. China People's Liberation Army, with the help of Huayin people, broke the legend that "Huashan has been the Tao since ancient times", climbed the North Peak from Huangfu Valley, attacked bandits by surprise, and created a miracle in which magic soldiers leaped over the natural barrier and heroes outsmarted Huashan. Today, a stone pavilion with hexagonal eaves and a bucket arch carved from granite is built in front of Zhenwutang 100 meters, and there is a Huashan Liberation Monument in the pavilion. Since then, Beifeng has become a place and classroom for patriotism education and revolutionary tradition education for young people.

Zhongfeng

Zhongfeng, 2037.8 meters, is located in the center of three peaks in the east, west and south, and is a small peak attached to the west side of Dongfeng. It was counted as a part of the East Peak in ancient times, and now it is listed as one of the main peaks of Huashan Mountain. The trees on the top of the mountain are lush and quiet, and many exotic flowers and plants are unknown. When visitors walk past them, sleeves are forbidden. There is a Jade Girl Temple on the peak, which is said to be the place where Nong Yu, a woman from Qin Mugong, cultivated herself in the Spring and Autumn Period, so it is also called Jade Girl Mountain.

According to historical records, Nong Yu was a woman in Qin Mugong, beautiful and proficient in melody. She and Shaw History, a hermit of Huashan Mountain, spent a good night in their dreams and got married. Tired of court life, Lapras came across Huashan from both sides of the Phoenix.

Most of the scenery in Zhongfeng is related to the story of Shaw History Nong Yu. Such as Xingyu Cliff, Yudong, Jade Stone Horse, Jade Shampoo Tray, etc. The Jade Girl Temple was built on the top of the mountain. It is said that Qin Mugong followed his daughter to Huashan, but found nothing. In desperation, he had to build a shrine to commemorate it. There used to be a statue of a jade girl in the temple, as well as a dragon bed, a rockhopper and a gown, all of which were destroyed by natural and man-made disasters. This temple was rebuilt for later generations, and the statue of Jade Girl was rebuilt on 1983. Its appearance is dignified and beautiful, simple and rigorous.

There are other landscapes on the peak, such as stone turtles, rootless trees, sacrificial trees, etc. The rumors related to them are full of fun, which enriches the connotation of zhongfeng from different angles and adds magic and beauty to zhongfeng.

The ancients wrote many poems about the Jade Girl and Jade Girl Mountain. In the poem "Looking at Yue" written by Du Fu in the Tang Dynasty, there is a saying that "An De immortal has nine sticks and leans on a jade girl to wash her hair". Tang Wang Han has a poem "Giving a Star Jade Altar to Send Lotus Tea to Slight Huayin"; In the poem "Climbing Mount Hua" written by Gu Xianzheng in Ming Dynasty, there are some sentences, such as "The statue of the golden god is 3,000 realms, and a jade girl is on the 12th floor". These poems are the icing on the cake of Zhongfeng, and they are rare and precious materials for studying Zhongfeng.

② Huashan Mountain is an important image of the love tragedy between men and women in the Six Dynasties. At the end of the poem "Peacock flies southeast", Jiao Zhongqing and Liu Lanzhi are buried together next to Huashan Mountain. Where is Huashan Mountain? The textbook says "a hill in Lujiang County, Anhui Province". Liu Dabai suspects Tianzhu Mountain, also known as Huoshan Mountain. Jiang Yixue agreed with Wu in the early Qing Dynasty that "the matter of joint burial should be regarded as the south of Xu Huashan, a musical record of ancient and modern times", and made a supplementary proof: the lover's joint burial of Huashan was originally a current event in Liu and Song Dynasties, and later became a reference place for both men and women to die of love.

Huashan Collection is a famous collection of love folk songs in the Southern Dynasties. There are 25 "Wu Sheng" written by Yuefu, which are also found in "Shunzhi Jane Jiang Zhi" Volume 20. The story took place in Huashan, from South Xuzhou (now Zhenjiang) to Yunyang (now Danyang). It is huashan village, Yaoqiao Town, which is more than 30 kilometers away from the main city of Zhenjiang. This village is located in the middle of the main road between Zhenjiang and Danyang, and it is also the junction of Dantu and Danyang counties. There are not only the ruins of the Goddess Tomb in the Southern Dynasties (called "Jade Goddess Pier" locally) and ginkgo trees, but also customs and word-of-mouth materials, which have been passed down by poets in past dynasties. In July 2006, the ancient tomb of the Six Dynasties was discovered in the village, which proved that the local area was indeed an ancient village of the Six Dynasties.

Dahuashan is the highest mountain in Zhenjiang, but its name was late, and it was not found in the documents of Song and Yuan Dynasties, let alone the Six Dynasties. Therefore, on March 29th, 2007, the Jiangsu provincial government announced the first batch of provincial intangible cultural heritage lists, among which "Huashan Ji" and "Huashan Ji Legend" are famous far and wide, and their origin is "Zhenjiang New District" (Dongxiang, Dantu County in history).

Tickets: Huashan tickets are priced in the off-season, from April 1 to June 1 65438+10.30, and the ticket price is 100 yuan/person, and from February1to March 3 1 in the following year. 20 yuan of Xiyue Temple/person. Free: over 70 years old, with ID card or birthday card; Children under the height 1.2m; Hold the press card issued by the State Press and Publication Administration, the tour guide card issued by the National Tourism Administration, the travel agency manager card, the travel agency department manager card and the tour guide card. Preferential target: soldiers, disabled people, people aged 65-69 with valid certificates buy tickets at half price according to the current fare; 1.2m- 1.4m children buy tickets at half price according to the current ticket price.

Huashan Beifeng Cableway: round trip 1 10 yuan/person, one-way 60 yuan/person.

Precautions:

1, Huashan is more than kilometers away from Xi' an 100. Take a bus from Xi 'an to Huashan. Never take a bus outside the railway station square or bus station, but take a bus inside the long-distance bus station (take the expressway). If CMB does not take the expressway, it may waste three or four hours, and other unpleasant problems may easily occur. This is the first thing to pay attention to in all places.

2. The food on Huashan Mountain is more expensive. You'd better bring some instant noodles and mineral water before going up the mountain.

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