Scientists and their inventions

Copier

At first, the paraffin paper invented by Edison was only widely used in food and candy packaging materials. Later, he tried to carve the outline of characters on the wax paper to form a paraffin paper. For engraving paper, put white paper under the paper, and then use an ink roller to roll the ink from the engraving paraffin paper. A wonderful thing happened, and clear writing appeared on the white paper. After many improvements and experiments, in 1976, Edison began mass production of the copier he invented. All of a sudden, agencies, schools, institutions, and groups all used this wax paper mimeograph machine. Due to the popularity of Edison's copiers and their popularity around the world, Edison deeply realized that he should invent something that people generally and deeply need.

Synchronous transmitter

Early telegraphs could only transmit one message at a time and could not exchange signals at the same time. Since Edison himself was a telegraph technician, he began to improve the traditional telegraph. , created a dual transmitter, and in 1974 developed a quadruple transmitter, also known as a synchronous transmitter. At a time when radio had not yet been developed, the synchronized transmitter was a major breakthrough.

Improved Telephone

We all know that the modern telephone was invented by Bell. In fact, the fact that the telephone can receive and send messages clearly is due to Edison’s experiments again and again. , broke through the traditional stereotypes and created a toner microphone, which improved the sensitivity, volume, and receiving distance of the phone in one fell swoop. Otherwise, we would still often say: Hello! Hello! Can't hear you, can't hear you clearly when making phone calls. .

The birth of the gramophone

One night in December 1877, the staff of the Mengluoyuan Laboratory shivered slightly, not because of the cold, but because they heard the greatest sound in the history of mankind. The first recording: "Ma Li has a little sheep. Its fur is as white as snow. No matter where Ma Li goes, the little sheep is always by her side... This great invention does not need to be introduced by Teacher Xiao Guan. Everyone You can all understand how widely it is used. The French government even awarded Edison the title of Sir! Later, Edison improved the phonograph many times until he changed the drum type to the bakelite turntable type. It has only been two years, but it has been decades of continuous improvement!

The Messenger of Light

In the early 19th century, people began to use gas lamps (gas lamps), but the gas was supplied by pipelines Once the air leaks or is blocked, it is very easy to cause trouble. People are very eager to reform lighting. In fact, Edison set an impossible task for himself: in addition to improving lighting, he also needs to create a power supply system. .

So he and his partners at Mengluoyuan worked tirelessly on more than 1,600 experiments on heat-resistant materials and more than 600 kinds of plant fibers to create the first carbon filament light bulb that could be used at once. It burned for 45 hours. Later, he continued to improve the manufacturing method on this basis, and finally introduced a bamboo filament light bulb that could burn for 1,200 hours.

Chronology of Edison's inventions:

1868. Invented the "voting counter" on October 11, 1869, and obtained the first patent in his life. In October 1869, he co-founded the "Pop-Edison Company"

In 1870, he invented the general-purpose printing press, and acquired the patent rights for US$40,000.

1872-1876

Invented the electric telegraph and automatic machine. Repeated telegraph method, double and quadruple telegraph method, manufacturing wax paper carbon resistors, etc.

Invented the acoustic wave analysis resonator in 1876 in New Jersey. Luo Park established a laboratory - the first industrial research laboratory. It invented the carbon rod microphone and applied for a patent for the telegraph automatic recording machine.

In 1877, he improved the early telephone invented by Bell and put it into practical use. Obtained three patents: the perforated pen, the pneumatic stylus and the ordinary stylus. Invented on August 20, it was confirmed that it was Edison. A beloved project - the phonograph.

In 1878, Edison claimed to solve the problem of electric lighting. The Royal Society held a phonograph exhibition to design microphones, amplifiers, aerial speakers, and sound engines. , tuning engine, microthermometer, taste tester, etc. Obtained the patent for the phonograph on February 19. In July, he went to Wyoming with Professor Parker of the University of Pennsylvania to observe the total solar eclipse and use the thermometer he invented to measure the temperature of the entire sun. Returned to Menlo Park in August and returned to scientific research and experiments. Britain approves Edison's patent application for "Video Recorder". William Wallace visited Connecticut in September. Started research on inventing the electric light. On October 5, a patent application for a platinum wire "electric lamp" was filed.

In 1879-1880, after thousands of setbacks, the high-resistance incandescent lamp was invented. Improved generator. Design new current distribution methods, circuit alignment and calculation methods. Invented the light bulb holder and switch. Invented the magnetic mineral separation method.

On August 30, 1879, Edison and Bell each demonstrated telephone devices at Saratoga Creek City Hall. Edison's phone turned out to be clearer than Bell's. On October 21, the high-resistance incandescent lamp was invented, which burned continuously for 40 hours. Application for carbon filament lamp patent on November 1st.

On December 21, the New York Express reported on Edison's incandescent light bulb. A public light show was held in Menlo Park on December 25 for 3,000 visitors from New York City.

Helicopter research in 1880. Obtained patent rights for electric light invention. Made into a magnetic screener. On January 28, the patent document for "Electric Power Transmission and Distribution System" was submitted. On February 18, "Scribe's Monthly" published the article "Edison's Electric Light", officially announcing the invention of the electric light. In May, the first ship "Columbia" illuminated by electric lights successfully made its trial voyage.

New York Edison Electric Lighting Company was established in December.

1881 New York Fifth Avenue headquarters established. An incandescent lamp factory is established in New York City. Set up manufacturing plants for generators, underground wires, and electric light parts. Experimenting with trolleys in Menlo Park.

The three-wire current distribution system was invented in 1882. Applied for 141 patents. The first central factory was established on September 4. At the end of December, more than 150 small power stations were established across the United States.

A patent for wireless telegraphy was filed on May 23, 1885.

From 1887 to 1890, he improved the cylindrical phonograph and obtained more than 80 patent rights for phonographs. Engaged in manufacturing and selling phonographs, records, talking machines, etc.

The phonograph gramophone was invented in 1888.

Participated in the Centennial Exposition in Paris in 1889. Invented many types of electric railways. Complete the moving movie machine.

1890-1899 Designed large stone crushers and grinders. Personally directed the large-scale development of iron ore using new methods at the Ogden Mine.

In 1891, he invented the "Edison Concentrator" and began to operate his own mining business. Obtained the patent for "Kinet Cinema Projector". The first successful movable motion picture telescope was demonstrated to the public on May 20 at the Edison Laboratory in West Orange, New Jersey.

In 1893, the world's first movie "studio" was built in the courtyard of Edison's laboratory.

On April 14, 1894, the first kinetoscope theater was opened in New York.

On April 23, 1896, the "Vita Projector" was used for the first time to show a film at Coster-Beyer's Music Hall in New York, and it was warmly welcomed by the public.

In 1902, a test using a new type of battery for vehicle power was successful. The range was 5,000 miles and it could travel 100 miles per charge.

In 1903, Edison's company produced its first feature film, "Train Robbery."

In 1909, after ten years of research, the battery was finally successful. Make a fax telegram. Obtained design patents for raw material machine, fine grinding machine and long kiln.

From 1910 to 1914, the disc-type phonograph was completed, with damage-free records and diamond records. Completed talkie machine.

The "disk record" was invented in 1910.

The "talkie" was invented in 1912. Developed into a speech phonograph.

In 1914-1915, the comprehensive manufacturing method of carbolic acid was invented, and a phonograph and a telegraph machine were combined into a remote writing machine. One party's telephone could automatically record the other party's speech. Manufacture benzene, indigo oil, etc. by ourselves.

From 1915 to 1918, 39 inventions were completed, the most famous of which were torpedo mechanical devices, flamethrowers and underwater periscopes.

Completed long-term recording in 1927.

Rubber was successfully extracted from weeds in 1928

On October 18, 1931, Edison died in West Orange at the age of 84. On October 21, 1931, the entire United States Lights are turned out in mourning.