The environment of photographic composition

In many photographic works of art, people can often see some objects in the picture as part of the environment, which plays a role in setting off the subject and plot to strengthen the expressive force of the theme. As an integral part of the environment, the object is in front of the subject, which is called prospect; Behind the subject, people call it background. The foreground is in front of the subject, close to the camera. They are characterized by large images and deep colors, mostly at the edge of the painting. The foreground generally uses trees, flowers, people and things. A companion can also be a prospect.

A, use some flowers and trees with seasonal and local characteristics as the foreground to render the seasonal atmosphere and local colors, so that the picture has a strong interest in life. Taking peach blossoms and winter jasmine as the foreground not only shows seasonality, but also makes the picture full of spring breath; Use chrysanthemums and red leaves as the foreground, and the autumn colors are full of paintings; With the prospect of ice laurel and snow branches, the winter scene in the north is just in front of you, so you can visit it yourself. Shooting Hainan scenery, with coconut palm and banana as the prospect, is full of southern sentiment; Bamboo and red cotton have the local flavor of the south. These prospects are often a powerful foil to the theme.

B. Foreground is used to enhance the sense of space and perspective. The structural diagram is for the camera to deliberately get close to some people or things. Using the characteristics of large image and deep color tone, it forms obvious contrast in shape and color tone with distant scenery, thus mobilizing people's vision to feel the spatial distance of the picture. The visual effect diagram seems to have a depth axis, which makes people feel that it is no longer flat. Some experienced photographers always try to find a suitable foreground to emphasize the near-big and far-small perspectives when shooting the content of space scenes, and often use landscapes with similar foreground and foreground, such as people, trees and mountains. Because of different distances, the greater the difference in the area occupied on the screen, the stronger the ability to mobilize people's visual laws and imagine space, and the more vivid the feeling of the depth axis.

C. Highlighting the generality of the screen content When expressing some rich and complicated things, it is an important means to deliberately put the most characteristic part of the things to be expressed in the foreground (such as "for a data" and "new cookhouse class"). This painting is full of life. In order to show the increasingly affluent rural life, the foreground is two new aluminum barrels with fish pieces, meat, vegetables and white rice waiting for cooking. Because it is in front of the picture, it is large and vivid, giving people a strong visual impression, strengthening the generalization of the content and increasing the visual sense of the picture. D, contrast the foreground and background scenery in content to complete the commonly used contrast techniques in photography (such as gap and first contact) and form a thought-provoking theme.

Prospects give people a subjective sense of status. Strengthening the sense of status of the picture, such as using the bright features of doors, windows, buildings and other scenes as the foreground, makes it occupy a larger position on the picture, gives the audience a psychological impact, and invisibly shortens the distance between the audience and the picture, resulting in an immersive intimacy. This is very beneficial to increase the artistic appeal of the picture. Giving the audience a sense of status is very important in other literary and artistic creations. To be fascinating, we must first attract people to the country. Just like Li Bai's poem, there is such bright light at the foot of my bed. Is there frost already? Looking up, I found that it was moonlight and sank again, and I suddenly remembered home. The first sentence of the four poems is very important. Let's talk about where I am first. I look at the bright moon in front of my bed, so the homesickness behind me is natural and true. Photography can do this, usually with the help of foreground.

F, the application of foreground can increase the decorative beauty of the landscape. Use some regularly arranged objects and some patterned objects as the foreground, so that the picture looks like a beautiful picture frame or lace, making it lively and jumping (such as "Baosteel Waltz" and "New Height"), with characters embedded in the middle, which is very beautiful, elegant and free.

G, the foreground has the function of balancing the picture. Sometimes when people find the vacancy on the picture unbalanced, such as when the sky in Wan Li is cloudless and monotonous, they put drooping branches and leaves on it to make up for the lack of the picture; Sometimes the bottom of the picture can't be pressed. When the top is heavy and the bottom is light, you can use rocks and railings as the foreground, and the dark color makes the picture feel depressed, achieving a stable and balanced effect.

H, the foreground adopts the expression of virtual focus, giving people a sense of hazy beauty.

In many photographic works of art, many people often take the virtual and chaotic scenery as the foreground, which is both virtual and chaotic, and the audience can not only accept it, but also find it interesting. This is because people's aesthetic interest in photography is changing and developing, becoming more and more natural and true, requiring a living atmosphere. The emptiness and chaos in the foreground can emphasize this kind of scene atmosphere, and the emptiness in the foreground also helps to highlight the reality of the theme and set off the reality with emptiness. The confusion in the future should also be cited. In fact, chaos is regular, but it seems chaotic, but it is based on the principle of not interfering with highlighting the main body. If the chaos is so overwhelming, I'm afraid it's hard for the audience to accept it, and you're not satisfied, so its principle is: seek truth from the virtual and seek treatment in the chaos. These are the eight functions of the outlook. In fact, the application of prospect often plays several roles at the same time, and it is best to kill more than one stone. Generally speaking, the significance of using foreground lies in enriching the vocabulary of the picture and increasing the literary grace of the picture. But remember, the prospect should not be abused, it is dispensable, and it is best not to use it, for the sake of simplicity; In addition, the shape and line structure of the foreground should be as beautiful as possible, closely linked with the main body, echoing and combined into a whole, which is helpful to express the theme. Background refers to the scenery behind the subject to set off the subject, so as to emphasize the environment in which the subject is located. Background plays an important role in highlighting the image and enriching the subject connotation. All plastic artists attach great importance to the role of background, and sculpture, painting, architecture and other arts attach great importance to the background to set off the main body. Hegel said in Aesthetics that an artist should not carve a sculpture completely first, and then consider where to put it, but should relate to a certain external world, its spatial form and parts when conceiving. Photographers also know that background plays an important role in the success or failure of a photographic work. It is often the case that the subject, companion, expression and posture of a work are ideal, but it fails because of poor background processing. Three aspects should be paid attention to in the background selection of photographic pictures: first, grasp the characteristics; The second is to strive for simplicity; The third is to have color contrast. A, first of all, we should grasp some scenery with local characteristics and characteristics of the times as the background, and make clear the time, place and atmosphere of the times, so as to deepen the audience's understanding of the theme of the work, grasp its scenery with characteristics of the times, and make people understand the background of the times. If smoking locomotives or factory chimneys are taken as the background, it still makes people feel that the business was prosperous and the motherland was thriving in the 1950s, which can stimulate people's aesthetic feelings. But today, in the 1980s, if the background is still like this, it will be regarded as pollution, reflecting that dockers are also like this. Portrait shooting also pays great attention to choosing a distinctive environment as the background to set off the professional and personality characteristics of the characters. (For example, girls can't use big red flowers as the background first), which is called environmental portrait. Environment sets off characters, and the background can also be divided into positive contrast and negative contrast. For example, happy children set off the environment with a garden full of flowers, which is a positive contrast; For example, hungry and poor children are in the busy streets of the world, which is a contrast.

B, background processing should be concise. It has been said that the difference between painting and photography is that painting uses addition and photography uses subtraction, because painting always adds something to the picture, while photography always tries to subtract those unnecessary things. Among them, it is important to subtract unnecessary things in the background that hinder the main body from protruding, so as to achieve a concise and refined picture. Distinguished from many photographic works, it is found that many experienced photographers fully mobilize various photographic techniques to achieve the effect of simple background. Some angles avoid the messy scenery on the horizon and set off the main objects in the sky neatly; Some take the road, water surface and grassland as the background by using the angle of overhead shooting, so that the main outline is clear and a concise background is obtained; Some use backlight to hide the messy lines in the background in the shadow; Some use morning fog to hide the background in white fog; Some use long focal length lenses to reduce the background, and the scenery is excluded from the picture; Some use virtual focus to soften background lines. These methods can get the effect of concise background.

C, the background should strive to form a tone contrast with the main body (tone contrast in color photography), so that the main body has a three-dimensional sense, a sense of space and clear outline lines, and strengthen visual power. The processing rule of contour modeling: dark main body is lined with bright background; A bright subject is set on a dark background; A bright or dark theme is set against a neutral gray background; The subject is bright, the background is bright, and there should be a dark outline in the middle; The subject is dark, the background is dark, and there should be a bright outline in the middle. Because photography is a graphic plastic art, if there is no contrast and interval in tone or tone, the subject image will be integrated with the background and lose the possibility of visual recognition. So some people compare the hue and contrast of the picture to a means of transportation. With it, the picture image will stand out and be transmitted to the audience. Background processing is an important link in the structure of photographic pictures. Only by careful selection in shooting can the picture content be refined and accurate, and the visual image be perfectly expressed.