Brief introduction of Cai Xin, a university student of Wenhua Temple in Qing Dynasty

Cai Xin, a college student at Wenhua Temple in Qing Dynasty.

Fifty years before and after the new grandfather became an official.

Cai Xin, Ji Zhai, was born in the 46th year of Qing Emperor Kangxi, and was born in Banxia Port, Danan, Zhangpu, Fujian. He lost his father at the age of 3, and his younger brother Gui was only 6 years old. He lives on his widowed mother, and his family is poor and illiterate. Less educated by uncle Shiyuan (Wen Qingong). Brothers come home from the museum every night, and their mother takes an urn and fills the bed with vegetables. On holidays, they go to the garden to plant potatoes and collect pods. On the solstice of winter, they choose dead branches as their wages. At night all the year round, my mother spins under the lamp and my brother reads a book. New talent, bright, young, studious, committed to Confucian benevolent government, deeply loved by Fujian's uncle who advocated Neo-Confucianism. In the second year of Yongzheng, the new boy won the second place in the exam and was awarded by Geng Guozuo, the magistrate of Zhangzhou. He was engaged to He Mingyu, the eldest daughter of the official family, and set up a museum to allow the relocation. In the third or fourth year of Yongzheng, Cai Zuoxi, Anxi's grandfather, took office to serve his ancestors and go to school. Grandfather died, and the new HP senior officials granted immigration. Yongzheng ten years juren seize the list. Gan Longyuan is the first dimethyl scholar in New China (Jin Deying list). He entered Jishi Shu Ci Academy first, and was awarded editor by Hanlin the following year. Gan advocates new people and inherits Neo-Confucianism. That autumn, I asked for leave to run a business trip for my father. I asked my mother to raise money, but my mother refused. Mrs. He took the children to Beijing. After nine years' work, he presided over the Zhejiang Provincial Examination and went straight to the study room. He took part in the imperial examination of Hanlin and won the first place, while Xin still worked as an assistant in the study room, tutoring the prince to study. After 11 to 14 years in Qianlong, he was ordered to study in Zhongzhou, prefect Henan to study politics, and went straight to the study room to study for a bachelor's degree. A few months later, he was promoted to a bachelor's degree in cabinet. From September of the seventeenth year of Qianlong to May of the twentieth year, he served as assistant minister of the Ministry of Punishment (he went back to his hometown on leave in March of the eighteenth year). Ganlong took a 22-year leave to go home and adopt his mother. In December of the 22nd year of Qianlong, the new master became the master of the upper study. In April of the thirty-second year of Qianlong, he left Beijing and was reinstated. In May, he was still the right assistant minister of punishments. From thirty-three to forty-five years of Qianlong, he served as the minister of industry for two months, the minister of punishment for ten months, the minister of sacrifice for two years and four months, and from forty-five to forty-eight years of Qianlong, Xinye served as co-organizer and minister of official department, president of Siku Quanshu Museum (No.14), and concurrently served as the affairs of the Hanlin Academy and the prefect of Zhili. In August of forty-eight, Qianlong was promoted to a bachelor's degree in Wenhua Hall, and in April of fifty years, Qianlong became an official, adding the prince as a teacher.

It is also right to govern the country by virtue for the sake of the next.

In the fifth year of Qianlong (1740), Dutch colonists slaughtered overseas Chinese in Karaba, which is known as the "Hongxi Massacre" in history. To this end, local officials in Fujian called on the court to ban trade with Southeast Asian countries. Fang Bao, the cabinet minister, knew that Cai Xin was an economic strategist and grew up in southern Fujian. He knew more about maritime trade, so he wrote to Cai Xin for advice. "Cai Xin replied ... there are more than 100 foreign ships in Fujian and Guangdong, each costing nearly 10,000 yuan, and the small ones are four or five thousand yuan. Once banned, the ship will be useless, and the industry of 500,000 to 600,000 yuan will be abolished; Foreign ships come and go, and more than a thousand unemployed people feed on them. Once banned, businesses will have no capital, people will have no property, and they will be displaced and abandon the food of thousands of people! At present, this disease will be more harmful in a few years. ..... It is suggested that there is no need to immediately discuss the prohibition of trade with Southeast Asian countries, and let the coastal military and civilians quietly investigate. This year's bar vendor will listen to himself and ask when he comes back. If he regretted what Si Qian had done, if he didn't dare to embarrass the Han businessmen, he wouldn't have dealt with it. Otherwise, it will only ban Kara, and other Southeast Asian countries don't have to ban it all. This proposal has caused tens of millions of dollars in foreign trade losses.

Cai Xin was an honest official, concerned about the country and the people, and was highly valued by Qianlong. During the Qianlong period, he went into politics, and the legal system was meticulous and complete. The law is respected here, and everything has old rules to follow. As an assistant minister, he has no innovation. But as an official, a courtesy, a soldier, a criminal, and an important post in the Ministry of Industry, they are diligent and honest, conscientious, do not report their merits and demerits, and do not speak like themselves. Emperor Qianlong highly praised Cai Xintiguo's loyal character. In the 25th year of Qianlong, when Cai Xin went to Beijing to celebrate Qianlong's 50th birthday, the emperor gave Cai Xin's mother "Ou Di Yan Xi" a plaque. At the age of 67, Cai Xin became the minister of rites, and Gan Long sent a special gift to ride into the Forbidden City and take care of the city Huai Garden. The new minister of the Ministry of War, the emperor gave the imperial book "Arsenal for the elderly" four characters and a red velvet crown suit, and later gave "Huang Yan" a personal book. For forty-nine years, he became a new examiner. In recognition of the integrity and selflessness of his new son, Benbiao, Qianlong specially promoted Benbiao as the director of the Tunsi Department of the Ministry of Industry and appointed him to attend the grand banquet in the first month of the 50th anniversary of Qianlong. In February, he gave a lecture in Biyong Imperial Ceremony. As a university student, he passed the imperial academy and sat down to talk about the Book of Changes. Emperor Qianlong personally visited as usual, and hundreds of officials above the third class of the DPRK attended the lecture. Emperor Qianlong sent tea to Wen Qi and wrote poems for his relatives. In the poem, "Cai Xin or Bei Bo Xiong Xing" added a note at the end of the poem: "Who can be a three-five-product official today? I'm only four years old, and I can still live in my brother's career. However, I am afraid that I dare not be embarrassed, so I thank Wang Dao for what he said to the Jin and Yuan emperors. " After the ceremony, Cai Xin begged Hugh. Gan Longyun used to be an official, gave him the surname of Prince, and ordered the post office to escort the horses and chariots home. Local officials are in charge of escort within 20 miles. Cai Xin thanked him when he left, and Gan Long personally gave him jade ruyi and other things, and wished him: "Hello, have a safe trip home, and see you after Gengwu (that is, fifty-five years of Ganlong). He also wrote a farewell poem to spoil his behavior: "I couldn't bear to leave a message to make me go home, so I said goodbye and didn't want to go home." "

At that time, a favored minister, Xiao Shenyang, made a "five-meeting plan" and spent a lot of money. Emperor Qianlong knew that Cai Xin's decency would oppose this extravagant practice. Special instructions to Xiao Shenyang: "The map of the five meetings must not be seen by Cai Xin, otherwise the paper he dissuaded will be given to me at once". Gan Long presented a new poem: "I only ask the people for advice, but my hair is still white." Six thousand miles apart? All my hearts were originally connected up and down. In the fifty-seventh year of Qianlong (the year of Renzi), Cai Xin was lucky enough to go to Beijing again to attend the "Ming Road Banquet". 60 years ago, Qianlong abdicated, and Renzong ascended the throne, changing the first year of Jiaqing in the Yuan Dynasty. He specially gave the imperial book "Green Field and Constant Spring" a plaque and many treasures, and also praised his new son Ben Jun as a cabinet book. In February of the fourth year of Jiaqing, Xin died at home, and Jiaqing wrote a letter to the former college student, with good conduct and profound knowledge, and served as an official for a long time. He is also in charge of various ministries and affairs, and all people can be respectful and perform their duties. During the longest walk in Shangshufang, Zhu Kundi and I were taught to read, watched Qin Shen, and gave a gift to a teacher with great grace, giving me and Governor Wang Zhiyi a libation as a symbol of my home. It is said that Sun gave birth to four sons and chose two promising ones to be introduced to the Ministry. And give a sacrifice, posthumous title Wen Gong. "

Cai Xin, who has been an official for 50 years, has always been well-behaved, consistent in words and deeds, loyal to his duties, and honest, especially the corrupt officials in the last years of Qianlong. Compared with Xiao Shenyang, a corrupt official who is also a college student in a cultural center, Xiang Ye has done a good job in keeping clean and abiding by the law. Shenyang, a small city in the same dynasty, has been attached great importance since the forty-first year of Qianlong, and the assistant minister of the Ministry of Civil Affairs walked among the ministers of military aircraft. After becoming an official in Cai Xin, he was promoted to a bachelor's degree in cultural centers. After four years and more than twenty years of Jiaqing, the case was sentenced to death with a suspended sentence, and the property confiscated reached 920 million silver, which was equivalent to the national property income at that time 12, which became a strong contrast.

Poor management, fine daily life, Chinese inheritance.

China's national cultural masterpiece Sikuquanshu came out, and Cai Xin contributed a lot. Siku Quanshu Library started in Qianlong 37 years and ended in Qianlong 47 years, lasting 1 1 year. As soon as it was established, Cai Xin was transferred from the Ministry of War to the Ministry of Rites (Qianlong 38 ~ 40 years). In 16 official presidents, Cai Xin ranked 14, and Cai Xin never kept it. Cai Xin is still in charge of supervision. According to the information of eight presidents of Sikuquanshu, such as Yong Xuan, Yong Xun, Liu Tongxun, Liu Lun, Lian Ying, Cheng Jingyi and Wu Jihua, published by Zhangzhou Research Association, the posts of Cai Xin's 90th birthday are recorded in the information of Ji Yun, Liu Yong, Wu Jie and Shen Chu, the chief editors of Sikuquanshu.

The Cai Xin Research Society of Zhangzhou City studied Cai Xin's posthumous work "Poems of Zhai Wen". Cai Xin is proficient in politics, military affairs, history, geography, neo-Confucianism, Yi-ology, etc. He is outstanding in knowledge and talent. He has been an official for 50 years, and he has learned to govern the country, which runs through the people, the people and the people. For example, a few years later, Zhong Jinshi could suggest to Fang Ba, a great scholar at that time, that all trade with Nanyang should not be banned, that "soldiers should take agriculture as their business and cultivate it" and that the "land reclamation system" should combine soldiers and farmers; "The country is people-oriented, and the people take food as the sky." Call on people to care about the sufferings of farmers, pay attention to farming and people's food, and strive to consolidate the foundation of the country so that the country can maintain long-term stability.

As we all know, China was inseparable from the rule of Chinese culture after the Qing Dynasty entered the customs. The study rooms were set up in the past dynasties, with the learned ministers of the Han nationality as teachers, the sons and grandchildren of the Pope studying, and the Manchus conquered the Han nationality and were eventually assimilated by the Han culture. Cai Xin entered the study room and was promoted from a master to a master, tutoring the prince for 40 years. Cai Xin was well-read, well-taught, diligent and omniscient, but simple and easy to understand, which made the vassals proficient in classics, history, literature and arithmetic. And won the respect of Zi Shan. Emperor Qianlong paid deep respect to him with the new concept of "studying the root of the heart and keeping the world away from home". Colleague Zhu Gui said that Cai Xin "went straight into the study for four years, and after his training, he was deeply rooted in the roots. The descendants of emperors of all ages are in awe. " Cai Xin studied in Qianlong period, and the descendants of the Pope made great contributions to the spread of China culture.

Cai Xin was a famous civil servant in Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty. He inherited his uncle Cai Shiyuan's Confucian Neo-Confucianism in philosophical language, and took "benevolent governance" as his academic purpose ("benevolence" refers to every moral category with a very wide meaning in ancient Confucianism. Its contents include respect, tolerance, faith, sensitivity, interests, wisdom, courage, loyalty, forgiveness, filial piety and so on. ), and Mencius' "unmoved" means ("unmoved" means that people can't be tempted by external things such as money, beauty, official position, reputation, good voice and lust. So that their thoughts can be shaken and evil can be produced. He was very uncomfortable with the pain of this heart, so he compiled the ancient people's expositions about worry, nourishing the heart, intention and seeking reassurance into a book, named "The Record of the Afterlife". Handouts, memorials, articles, inscriptions, prefaces, epitaphs, etc. were handed down from generation to generation, and the Selected Poems of Zhai was compiled. Cai Xin is also good at calligraphy. In the ancestral hall of Juck Zhang, there are couplets with the words "Jinpu Cai Xin" and "Geshan Cai Xin".

It is reported that when Cai Xin returned to Zhangpu, Qianlong felt that there was a lack of people talking about ancient prose in the DPRK, and he often sent poems to consult Cai Xin. Cai Xin was eighty years old, and the emperor of the Qing Dynasty awarded him the word "advanced age".

A dutiful son is not rich and never dies.

Retire to your hometown, be easy-going, be good neighbors, respect the old and love the young, respect county officials, and persuade Yicang to help the poor, which is universally recognized. Although Cai Xin is the best official, he is modest and prudent. When I returned to my hometown in Zhangpu, I was very respectful when I met some small county officials, such as classical history and inspection. Some people say that his marriage will lower his status. He said, "I want the villagers to know something about the Prime Minister, but also to respect their parents and understand their dignity." The tribe had a dispute with the southwest of the neighboring village. He persuaded that "there is always a southwest, and there is no prime minister for a hundred years." Educate fellow villagers not to rely on the situation to deceive others. He set up a compulsory school in his hometown so that children who can't afford to delay their studies can also enter school. I also bought a book field as a subsidy for those who took the township examination. In the fifty-ninth year of Qianlong, a flood occurred in Zhangzhou. He donated money to persuade people to bury their relatives, set up voluntary warehouses to save food for famine, and set up voluntary graves to give the poor land to bury their relatives. Newcomers often go to Chua's ancestral temple to compile genealogy, advocate family friendship, respect the old and love the virtuous, and practice public welfare morality in the local area, which is admired by future generations.

Cai Xin family is also a model of filial sons and grandchildren in ancient and modern times, and a model of traditional ethics in China. The first is "filial piety", the new mother is the most filial, and she went home to camp her father's grave the next year after she entered the scholar-bureaucrat. And took my mother to Beijing, but she missed her hometown and didn't accompany her. His brother Cai Zhong (a scholar in Qianlong 10) resigned from his post in order to wholeheartedly support Cai Xin's work and relieve his worries. In the eighteenth year of Qianlong, Xin asked for leave to visit her mother and told her that she had an eye disease. In the twenty-second year of Qianlong, Xin asked for leave to go home to foster mother, and arrived home in November of the twenty-second year. /kloc-in October/February, Gan Long appointed Xin et al. as the head teacher of the upper study room. Xin Za resigned from her heart, and Gan Long allowed her to serve in the future. It was not until his mother died in December of the 29th year of Qianlong that Ding You returned to Beijing in May of the 32nd year of Qianlong. It is a dutiful son not to be a high official but to serve his mother. Mrs. Lin, the new mother, is also a "dutiful son". She did a great job and respected her in-laws and her sick husband on behalf of her new father. He was awarded three awards by Emperor Qianlong. The new grandfather has a high status, and there are no concubines around him, only his wife, Mrs. He, is virtuous, housekeeping, filial to her mother-in-law, benevolent and clear-cut, ethical, peaceful and happy, and doesn't mind others, and people don't mind others.

The original document of the website can be seen.

Cai Xin's former residence, Gaizutang in Xiabu Village, is 36.29 meters long and 19. 10 meters wide. The first three waterfalls are bungalows with four rooms and two hands, and the third waterfall is a building called "dressing room". Garden villas such as rockery behind the building, goldfish pond and stone arch bridge. In the first hall, there is a "Fu" written on it. In the middle of the second hall, there is a wooden sign with the words "Arsenal and the elderly". The small print on the left side of the tablet is "Cai Xin, the Minister of War and an official of the Ministry of War", and the gold seal on the right side of the tablet is in the middle of the fifth day of December in the forty-first year of Qianlong. On both sides of this hall, there are couplets written by Cai Xin's grandfather Cai Zuoxi. With a wave of his hand, he spoiled the lotus with a lotus pen. "Cai Xin carved it himself. (Note: The woodcut of Zhangpu East County Museum is still there, and the plaque of "Five Treasures of the Old Man" is still hung in this room, but the golden seal of the imperial seal has been removed, the second room will collapse, and the dressing has collapsed, but the foundation and surrounding conditions of the whole house are still intact. )

For the sake of clan safety, Cai Xin also built Yongqing Fort (calligraphy) at 1802, with granite as the foundation, concrete yard on the upper part and circular building. The perimeter of the inner castle is 165. 13, and the height of the courtyard is 14.28 meters. It is divided into four floors, all of which are built with circular towers with protrusions. There is a stone field around the garden building. Now the round building has become a cultural relic protection unit. Except for its good appearance, the facilities and roofs of different buildings have been destroyed.

Caixin Yexiang Memorial Hall was built in June 5438+February 2002. It is located under Xichenling, the east bank of Zhangpu County, covering an area of 5 mu. It is a palace-style building with two entrances, with a building area of 484 square meters. It is magnificent in structure, beautiful and pleasant in scenery, peaceful in atmosphere and full of people. It is an excellent resort for historical and cultural exchanges and tourist attractions. In the square in front of the memorial hall, there are four pairs of flagpoles erected on the left and right, and there are two pairs of stone lions outside the gate. The stone pillars on both sides of the gate are connected with the little stone lion. The couplets on both sides of the gate are: "The flag on the hall is far away from the mountain, and the stone talents on the temple seat win the championship." "The five ministers of the West Lake Geshan have lived for a long time, and Liang Feng has set two basic merits for future generations."

Cai Ban is a historical celebrity worthy of people's commemoration. On the right in front of the museum is the Biography of Cai Xin Stone Tablet, which reads: "Cai Xin was born in the 46th year of Qing Emperor Kangxi (1707) and died in the 4th year of Jiaqing (1799) at the age of three. Read less poverty. In the middle of the first year of Qianlong, he was a scholar, and he was granted editing by Hanlin. He went straight into the study to wait on the prince. Later, he moved to the Ministry of Punishment to serve as assistant minister for six years. In the twelfth lunar month of Qianlong's twenty-second year, he went to the master of the study. From August in the thirty-third year of Qianlong's reign, he served as the five ministers of the Ministry of Industry, the Ministry of Punishment, the Ministry of War, the Ministry of Ritual and the Ministry of Government, and was promoted to the assistant of the university in the forty-fifth year. In the past two years, he served as the curator of Siku Quanshu Museum. In the past eight years, he was promoted to a bachelor's degree in Wenhua Hall. In the past two years, he was named Prince Taifu. Qianlong prosperous times, assisted ministers, imperial books "Huang Yan" and "Elder" praised him, respected, more important than the ruling and opposition. To the records, he is diligent and honest, caring for the people, with high moral character and profound knowledge. He is the author of Collected Works of Jizhai and Poems of Jizhai, and has made great contributions to Confucianism. China's national cultural masterpiece Sikuquanshu was published, and Cai Xin devoted himself to it. After his death, Emperor Jiaqing gave a gift to Taifu, a tribute to Wengong, and took the Governor Wang to Pu to "offer wine for me". In his life, Li Gang, Yong, Gan and Jia were the highest-ranking people in the Qing Dynasty. "

The last entrance to the museum is the mahogany shrine with five plaques carved on it. The hall in the middle is the hall number of Cai Xinzu's shrine, Yan Xi is a plaque given to his mother by Emperor Qianlong, and the plaques given by Emperor Qianlong are "Sword Shadow of Shi Sheng", "Sword Shadow of Wu" and "Flying Swallow of Huang Su", in which Cai Shudu, the ancestor of Cai's family, and Cai Yuanding, the founder of Song Confucianism are enshrined. Cai Dazhuang, the founder of Xihu Mansion (promoted in the 28th year of Ming Jiajing, the founder of Ningxiang County acceded to the throne), and the four pillars in the temple are engraved with the words "A large number of people have become rich and long, and this trip is really filial. Fortunately, people say it is a great country. " In front of the shrine is a statue of Mrs. He.

There are 26 portraits of ancestors Cai hanging on the walls on both sides of the ancestral hall.

Seven couplets are engraved on each column in the memorial hall, "I hope every horse will take a saddle;" If you hold a lotus pen, you must remove the lotus. " "Assisting the country to become a pillar of prosperity; Self-cultivation is a Millennium model. " "The outstanding people in the western regions have wealth at home; Chishan Lake is very beautiful. " "Wen Tao is busy governing the country and is busy promoting advantages and eliminating disadvantages; Wu Luanbang assisted Daqing to set up a monument. " "Official patrol six loyal, filial piety clean kuanggangji; Chaoyi, Lishule Town, Ku City, Cai Wensi. " "Saving the world is eternal and fast; Yang will give birth to a son. ""Being honest and loyal to the country; Aim at the four books of the Dean of Literature and History. " Cai Xin's Jinshi, Hanlin, Five Ministers, Chef of Shangshufang, Prince Taifu, Prince Taishi, scholar of Wenhua Hall, and the chief director of Siku Quanshu are all hung on the roof beam.

There are more than 70 pieces of Cai Xin cultural relics hanging on the wall, and the inkjet data are sorted by the original computer and divided into three series: one is to print 25 stone carvings of Cai Xin's "Visiting Friends in Huaiyuan Garden in Beijing", including 3 1 piece of the original works of An Di, Seven Bachelor's degree and Emperor Sun Yong. 2. Tombstone rubbings unearthed in Cai Xin, as well as 23 stone tablets, tombstones, woodcut couplets and woodcuts inscribed by Cai Xin and calligrapher Zhao Mengfu's "Zhuzi Ganxing Poetry" and "Rusong Chenbeixi Poetry Collection Preface"; Three, Cai Xin's 90th birthday, 73 frames of civil and military officials' birthday cards. Among them are Liu Yong and Ji Xiaolan. They are all handwritten materials of 7-word and 5-word poems. The whole museum is filled with rich cultural atmosphere of historical materials of Qing Dynasty, which is a treasure of chinese heritage.