Xibaipo's Historical Story

Xibaipo, a shining name in the revolutionary history of China, was originally an ordinary mountain village with only a few hundred families in Pingshan County, Hebei Province. 1947 In May, the the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Municipal Working Committee selected this place. 1948 In May, Comrade Mao Zedong led the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the headquarters of the China People's Liberation Army to move here, making this ordinary mountain village "the last rural command post for the liberation of China" and a strategic decisive battle between the National People's Liberation Army and the Kuomintang led by the China Producer Party. Since then, with its unique contribution, Xibaipo has stood out in the revolutionary history of China and erected an immortal historical monument.

"The fate of China lies in this village", which was the inscription of Comrade Zhu, then Minister of Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China.

"The new China is coming from here" is a famous saying summed up by writer Yan Tao when he wrote The Journey to the West, a documentary literature of Xibaipo, and it was used as the subtitle of this documentary literature (1999 was used as the title when it was reprinted).

According to historical records, Xibaipo was originally named "Bobu", which was founded in the Tang Dynasty and named after the lush cypresses on the back slope of the village. 1935, a teacher in this village changed the word "cloth" to "slope", and because he lived opposite the village of "Dongbaibu", he changed his name to "Xibaipo Village".

Xibaipo was chosen as the command center for liberating China and preparing for the new China, which not only has its unique geographical conditions and natural environment, but also has the revolutionary foundation and political advantages established over the years.

Xibaipo, a small mountain village on the north bank of Hutuo River in Xishan District, Hebei Province, is not only beautiful in scenery, but also fertile in water and soil. She is located in the middle of Pingshan County, where the North China Plain meets Taihang Mountain. In a horseshoe-shaped valley facing the sun, Xibaipo is surrounded by mountains on three sides, water on one side, Taihang Mountain in the west and Jizhong Plain in the east, only 90 kilometers away from Shijiazhuang, a major town in North China. The traffic here is convenient, and it is easy to defend but difficult to attack. It is not only suitable for retreating to the mountains in an emergency, but also convenient for marching into the city in a smooth time.

The revolution in Pingshan County was carried out earlier, and the * * * production party organization was established during the Great Revolution. By 1946, there were 608 party branches in the county, and the number of * * production party member increased from 60 in 193 1 to 19535. The people listen to the party and have a good mass base. Since War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Pingshan County has been surrounded by Shanxi-Chaji and Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan bases. Pingshan County is the seat of the leading organs of the Fourth Army Division and the Second Army Division in the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Border Region. The leading organs of the North Branch, the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Border Region Government and the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Military Region have lived here for three and a half years. Pingshan county is a model county in Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei border region, and Xibaipo is a model village. Xibaipo was built in the winter of 1937. By 1948, there were 40 people in party member, distributed in 33 households, accounting for 12.3% of the village population and 33% of the village households. Xibaipo Village is densely populated, with a distance of1-2km and distributed along the Hutuo River. The land here is fertile, the land is vast and the grain is abundant, and the rice and wheat are both ripe. As for the economic conditions of Heping Mountain County in Xibaipo area, Marshal Nie Rongzhen once said: "Pingshan County can be called Ukraine in our Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei border region." A more developed agricultural economy is conducive to ensuring the economic supply of the military and civilians and providing a material basis for the resident in the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.

Excellent geographical location, developed economy, solid mass base and moderate village distribution make Xibaipo the best choice for the Central Working Committee. There are many villages around Xibaipo. Why choose Xibaipo as the resident of the Central Working Committee? At that time, Pan, the secretary of Commander-in-Chief Zhu De, participated in the inspection and selection. He recalled: "We considered this at that time: First, the village should be properly concentrated, and some organs should be appointed in the future, which can be put down (as for whether the Central Committee and Chairman Mao will come or not, no one said, we don't know, that should be later); Second, the traffic should be convenient and easy to contact with the liberated areas; The third is safety. Hongzidian, Su Guo, Jiayu and other villages are big, but their goals are also big, so it is inconvenient to keep secrets because of the large number of people. Xibaipo village is small, and there is a hill behind it for air defense, which is at a certain distance (about 1 km) from the surrounding villages, so it is easy to keep secret. The fourth is the accommodation conditions. At that time, many houses in Xibaipo were burned by devils, but the foundation was good and easy to build. Living together in the future is more concentrated and the work is convenient. " From this point of view, Xibaipo's choice, like the choice of every revolutionary base camp in history, should not only focus on the needs of the immediate war, but also consider the needs of future career development. Xibaipo has such conditions, and the mission of liberating the last rural command post in China has always been on her shoulders.

After intense preparations, the Central Working Committee was formally established in Xibaipo in July 1947. Of course, in order to meet the needs of the war environment, the Central Working Committee at that time called it "small workers" and "big bosses". The principal is Zhu De, and the director is called President Hu (alias of) and Director Zhu respectively.

After the Central Working Committee entered Xibaipo, it helped the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Field Army win four large-scale battles and wiped out more than 62,000 enemies. Among them, the liberation of Shijiazhuang campaign is particularly famous. 1947 10 3 1 Zhu De attended the meeting of cadres above the brigade level held by the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Field Army Command, and worked out the strategic deployment for attacking Shijiazhuang with Yang Dezhi, Luo Ruiqing and Yang Chengwu. 1 65438+1October1day, Nie and Xiao Ke were called again, demanding that the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Military Region must make full preparations for personnel replenishment. From August 6th to12nd, under the careful arrangement of Commander-in-Chief Zhu De, the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Field Army wiped out more than 24,000 people and successfully liberated Shijiazhuang. When summing up the combat experience and lessons, Commander-in-Chief Zhu happily wrote "Seven Ways to Conquer Shimen": "Shimen blocks Taihang Mountain, and the warriors open their fingers. Destroy the whole division and collect the important towns, and don't call Ma back to Qin Guan. The tactics of tackling key problems have opened up new faces, and people who have been trapped for a long time have smiled. The heroes of our party are really coming forth in large numbers, and we are not worried about the spots. "

The liberation of Shijiazhuang linked Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei and Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan two liberated areas. It not only laid the foundation for unifying the liberated areas in North China, but also created favorable conditions for the CPC Central Committee to move to North China.

1948 On March 20th, the CPC Central Committee made a decision to move to North China and merge with the Central Working Committee. On March 23rd,,, Ren and others led the CPC Central Committee to cross the Yellow River from Kawaguchi, wubu county, Shaanxi Province, bid farewell to the northern Shaanxi base area where life and fighting were thirteen degrees during the Spring and Autumn Period, and moved to Xibaipo. On March 24, he arrived at Shuangta Village, Linxian County, Shanxi Province, the central resident. On April 1 1, he arrived at Chengnanzhuang, Fuping County, the resident of Jinchaji Military Region. On April 23rd, Comrade Ren and others led some people to Xibaipo ahead of schedule, and the CPC Central Committee and the Central Working Committee joined forces successfully. /kloc-In May, 2000, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China began to work in Xibaipo, and the Central Front Committee, Working Committee and Rear Committee were immediately revoked. Mao Zedong stayed in Fuping for a period of time to prepare for negotiations in the Soviet Union and arrived in Xibaipo on May 26th. At this point, five secretaries of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China met successfully in Xibaipo after more than a year respectively. It marks the victory of the CPC Central Committee and a great strategic shift. From then on, Xibaipo became the leading center of China revolution at that time.

At that time, China's new-democratic revolution was at a major turning point, and the people's liberation war was on the eve of a strategic decisive battle. In order to win the strategic decisive battle, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China merged the two liberated areas of Shanxi-Chaji, Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan into the liberated area of North China. From September 8th to13rd, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held an enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau in Xibaipo, namely "September Meeting", which made ideological, organizational and material preparations for the strategic Armageddon. , Liu Shaoqi,, Zhu De, Ren, Peng Zhen and Dong, as well as 14 Central Committee members, alternate members and 10 important staff members attended the meeting. The venue is located in two central kitchen canteens in the central compound. According to the new situation of strategic counter-offensive, the meeting stipulated the party's strategic principles and tasks, taking "the army advances, the production increases by one inch, the discipline is strengthened, and the revolution is invincible" as the central topic, summed up the previous work, and put forward the strategic task of building 5 million troops, which will fundamentally overthrow the reactionary rule of the Kuomintang in about five years (from July 1946). The meeting mainly solved five problems: first, can the Kuomintang be fundamentally overthrown in about five years? Second, what kind of country will be established by overthrowing the Kuomintang? Third, how to strengthen discipline and realize the transformation from guerrilla warfare to regular warfare? Fourth, how to restore and develop production and ensure the victory of the war? Fifth, the issues of new democracy and socialism were discussed, such as expanding the democratic life within the party, improving the system of party committees, training and preparing a large number of cadres in new areas, improving the theoretical level of cadres, and strengthening the work of trade unions, youth and women. All comrades in the Party and the army are required to strive to overcome the tendencies of disorganization and discipline, localism and guerrilla. The meeting adopted the Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the System of Asking for Instructions and Reporting from the Central Committee of the Central Bureau, Sub-bureaus, Military Regions, Sub-bureaus of the Military Commission and the Front Committee, and the Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Convening Party Congresses and Representatives Meetings at All Levels.

12 September to the following year 10/3 1 day, the Party Central Committee commanded the Northeast Field Army, the North China Field Army, the East China Plain Field Army and the North China Military Region troops, and successfully carried out the "three major battles" that shocked China and foreign countries. Liberated the whole northeast cities such as Heping and Tianjin; Basically liberated the Central Plains in East China and North China north of the Yangtze River. * * * More than 6,543.8+0,540 Kuomintang troops were eliminated and reorganized. Basically wiped out the main military forces of the Kuomintang.

With the rapid change of the war situation, 1949+654381From 6 to 8 October, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held a meeting of the Political Bureau in Xibaipo to discuss and adopt the resolution on "The Current Situation and the Tasks of the Party in 1949". The resolution points out: 1949 and 1950 will be two years of national victory of China's revolution. The resolution also pointed out that "after the liberation of Peiping, the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee must be held" and "a political consultation meeting of democratic parties and people's organizations without reactionaries' representatives should be held, and People's Republic of China (PRC) should be established and the Central People's Government should be formed by the same procedure".

From March 5th to13rd, the second meeting of the 7th Central Committee of China * * * Production Party was successfully held in Xibaipo.

The venue is located in the staff canteen built by the central organ of the central compound. The south is the meeting place and the north is the service office. There are portraits of Chairman Mao and Commander-in-Chief Zhu and party flag hanging on the front of the venue. The whole venue was neat, simple and solemn. He Ren also personally inspected the layout of the venue. 34 members of the Central Committee, alternate members 19, absent 12. President Mao Zedong presided over the meeting and made an important report entitled "The Situation and Tasks Since the First Plenary Session". Put forward various policies to promote the revolution to win the national victory quickly and achieve such victory; It stipulated the basic policies that the Party should adopt in politics, economy and diplomacy after the national liberation, and the general task and main ways of China's transformation from an agricultural country to an industrial country and from a new democratic society to a socialist society. Wisely pointed out that winning the national victory is only the first step of the Long March, and warned the whole party that "comrades must continue to be modest and prudent, guard against arrogance and rashness, and comrades must continue to work hard." This meeting made necessary and sufficient political, ideological and theoretical preparations for promoting and welcoming the victory and liberation of the whole country and ensuring the great strategic transformation of the China Revolution.

On March 23, the Central Committee, the Central Military Commission and the China People's Liberation Army Headquarters set out from Xibaipo and advanced into Peiping. Before he left, Mao Zedong called the cadres and security personnel of the Central directly under the authority and earnestly warned everyone: "We are going to enter Beiping. We went to Beiping, not Li Zicheng. They went to Beijing for corruption, and we * * * producers went to Beijing to continue the revolution and build socialism until * * * productism. "

The CPC Central Committee has only lived in Xibaipo for ten months, but it has left a glorious chapter in the revolutionary history of China and ushered in a new China with rising sun. Xibaipo, like Jinggangshan, Ruijin and Yan 'an, has thus become the holy land of China's revolution.

The period of the Central Committee in Xibaipo was a great historical turning point of the China Revolution and the most successful and brilliant period of our Party's democratic revolution. In Xibaipo, the CPC Central Committee not only led the new democracy to win the national victory, but also opened the way for the transition of the party's work focus from rural areas to cities, from war to construction, and from new democracy to socialism. During the Xibaipo period, Mao Zedong Thought continued to be enriched and developed, including military thoughts, strategic and tactical thoughts, especially the thoughts of establishing people's democratic dictatorship, people's congress system and multi-party cooperation system, and the thoughts of taking the Chinese-style construction road from the national conditions and transforming new democracy into socialism were further enriched and improved. The glorious history and successful experience of the CPC Central Committee during the Xibaipo period created the great Xibaipo spirit. This is the revolutionary spirit representing a historic turning point, a new stage in the development of proletarian revolutionary spirit in China, and a continuation and development of Jinggangshan spirit and Yan 'an spirit. Xibaipo spirit is not only the precious spiritual wealth of our party, but also the precious spiritual wealth of our Chinese nation. In the new period of reform, opening up and socialist modernization, it is particularly worthy of our in-depth study and development.

1On February 26th, 973, Zhou Enlai wrote an inscription for Xibaipo: "Xibaipo was the last rural command post where Chairman Mao and the CPC Central Committee entered Peiping and liberated all China, where they commanded three major battles, and the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh CPC Central Committee was also held here."

Xibaipo Memorial Hall, inscribed by Comrade Deng Xiaoping.

1991September 2 1 day, General Secretary Jiang Zemin inspected Xibaipo and wrote an inscription: "Keep in mind two musts and build Socialism with Chinese characteristics."

On February 5th and 6th, 2002, General Secretary Hu Jintao and comrades of the Central Secretariat came to Xibaipo for study and investigation. Reviewing Comrade Mao Zedong's speech at the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh CPC Central Committee, and bearing in mind the "two musts" put forward by Comrade Mao Zedong in those years, we should first start from ourselves and call on all Party comrades, especially leading cadres, to vigorously carry forward the style of hard work and pioneering, and work together to achieve the goals and tasks set by the 16th CPC National Congress.

From 65438 to 0950, the delegation of the old central area gave instructions to strengthen the protection of Xibaipo revolutionary site and related cultural relics, and the local party Committee and government immediately made a preliminary collection of revolutionary cultural relics. From 65438 to 0955, Hebei Museum sent special personnel to Xibaipo to maintain and arrange the sites and cultural relics, and jointly established the preparatory office of Xibaipo Memorial Hall with the local government. 1956 The former site of the Central Committee was listed as a provincial-level cultural relics protection unit by Hebei. 1958 due to the construction of gangnan reservoir, the former site was submerged, and the original building and Xibaipo village moved to the north hillside of the village. The restored building is the central courtyard at the eastern end of Xibaipo village, with a total area of 16440 square meters. The restored building basically maintains the original appearance of the old site. The buildings in the yard are roughly divided into two parts: front and back. From east to west, in front are the former residences of Ren, Ren and Dong, the headquarters of China People's Liberation Army (the operational command room of the Central Military Commission). Behind the northeast corner is Zhu De's former residence. Between these two parts, that is, the north of Xiaoshan, is the site of the September meeting, the site of the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee and the former site where the Central Committee met with the Kuomintang peace representatives. In the Central Working Committee, Commander-in-Chief Zhu De lived next door to Comrade Liu Shaoqi. In order to welcome the arrival of the Central Committee, the Working Committee built three new cave-style houses for Mao Zedong in the ravine behind the station. But after his arrival, he insisted on living in an ordinary bungalow yard in the west of Rencheng, and gave the new cave to his old comrade Zhu De.

At the beginning of the Central Working Committee, there was no compound wall. After the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China arrived, for the sake of safety, a two-meter-high earth wall was built outside several hospitals in Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai and Ren. A bomb shelter was dug on the hillside behind their house.

Entering the jurisdiction of Xibaipo Memorial Hall, the first thing that catches your eye is the door view of the giant arm holding the sun, which tells us that the new China is coming from here; The image archive is located on the west side of the parking lot, with a building area of more than 3,300 square meters, integrating photography, information and entertainment. The magnificent Xibaipo Monument stands among the pines and cypresses, and the name of the monument "Xibaipo" was inscribed by Comrade Deng Xiaoping; The tablet is engraved with Comrade Jiang Zemin's inscription when he visited Xibaipo on September 2 1 day 199 1: "Keep two musts in mind and build Socialism with Chinese characteristics." Around the monument, major historical events such as the CPC Central Committee's visit to Xibaipo, the National Land Conference, the three major battles, the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee, and the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC) in Beijing were artistically miniature on four reliefs, vividly revealing Xibaipo's historical contribution and the party's major practical activities during this period. On both sides of the monument are the former site of the Central Committee and Xibaipo Memorial Hall.

Xibaipo Memorial Hall broke ground on 1976, covering an area of 13400 square meters and a building area of 3344 square meters. 1978 On May 26th, to commemorate the 30th anniversary of the visit of the CPC Central Committee and Chairman Mao to Xibaipo, the former site of the Central Committee and the memorial hall were opened to the public at the same time. The memorial hall is divided into two floors, which is a stepped quadrangle, surrounded by cloisters and built on the mountain. The exhibition in the museum combines modern sound and photoelectric facilities, showing the historical position and far-reaching influence of Xibaipo.

In March 1982, 1 1, the former site of Xibaipo Central Committee was announced by the State Council as a national key cultural relics protection unit. Xibaipo, like Jinggangshan and Yan 'an, is now a famous revolutionary memorial site in China and one of the 100 patriotic education demonstration bases named by Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China.

Today's Xibaipo is in front of Xibaipo Lake with rippling blue waves and dense mountains and rivers, and behind it is Xibaipo Ridge with cypresses and pines. The lakes and mountains complement each other, forming a beautiful scenery with unique charm.

Today, Xibaipo has become an advanced unit of spiritual civilization construction in China, a national key scenic spot and an AAAA tourist attraction. Qian Qichen, the former deputy prime minister of the State Council, praised it as a "revolutionary holy land and tourist resort". In May 2002, Xibaipo-Tianguishan Scenic Spot was approved by the State Council to be included in the fourth batch of national scenic spots.

The road is bumpy and it is much more difficult to start a business. For the road to victory, please see Xibaipo.

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Xibaipo-New China is coming from here!