Teaching plan of "the frontier of the universe" in senior two Chinese.

Teaching plan 1 of "The Frontier of the Universe" in senior two Chinese;

Knowledge goal:

1. Guide students to connect with reality and understand the characteristics of the commentary.

2. Guide students to know some basic knowledge about the universe.

Ability goal:

1. Guide students to understand the author's thinking about the universe and human beings with the help of incisive arguments and passionate emotional expressions in the text, and guide them to think independently.

2. Expand students' thinking level and cultural literacy.

Moral education goal:

Stimulate students' curiosity and exploration spirit.

Key points and difficulties:

1. Guide students to connect with reality and understand the characteristics of the commentary.

2. Guide students to understand the author's thinking about the universe and human beings with the help of incisive arguments and passionate emotional expressions in the text, and guide them to think independently.

Teaching methods:

1. Read and analyze the structure of the full text.

2. Guide students to understand the author's thinking about the universe and human beings with the help of incisive arguments and passionate emotional expressions in the text, and guide them to think independently.

Teaching time: two hours.

first kind

Teaching process:

First, the introduction of new courses.

The vast universe is boundless, and people have had endless reverie about the universe since ancient times. Since the emergence of science, people have never stopped exploring the universe. With the development of science and technology, people are more and more eager to understand the mysteries of the universe.

The frontier of the universe

Second, clear objectives.

1. Guide students to connect with reality and understand the characteristics of the commentary.

2. Guide students to understand the author's thinking about the universe and human beings with the help of incisive arguments and passionate emotional expressions in the text, and guide them to think independently.

Third, overall perception.

1. About the author

Carl. Sagan (carl sagan, 1934? 1996), an American, was the director of the Center for Planetary Research at Cornell University. Popular astronomer? And then what? Public scientist? . With his passion for science and great personal influence, he led generations of young people to explore science. He played an important role in sending unmanned spacecraft into space and made many achievements in planetary science, the origin of life and the exploration of alien intelligence.

He has hosted TV popular science programs and published a large number of popular science articles and books. His "Flying Dragon in the Garden of Eden" won the Pulitzer Prize, and the TV series "Universe" received a warm response all over the world. His major works include Cosmic Connection, Cosmos, Brouca's Brain, The Shadow of the Forgotten Predecessors, The Dark Blue Dot, A Billion Planets, etc.

2. Stylistic features of comments

The text is the commentary of a TV movie, which has the following characteristics:

(1) The commentary should be based on the characteristics of the narrator, with clear themes and key points, and cannot cover everything. It should highlight the main aspects of things, grasp the key points of things, and even the expanded content should not deviate from the theme of the commentary. If the object of text explanation is the universe, then it should be introduced in close connection with the composition of the universe, and other problems should not be brought up at will.

(2) Commentary supplements and increases the narrator's relevant information, mainly the expansion of knowledge and reason, which makes readers accept the meaning that pictures and objects themselves cannot convey and express. For example, the introduction of the basic concept of light-year (knowledge expansion) in this paper compares the universe to the sea and stimulates readers' imagination of the universe (rational expansion).

(3) Commentary is an organic whole, but each part is relatively independent. From the whole universe to the composition of galaxies to the solar system, although all parts are closely related, they have their own emphases and centers.

3. The order of this article.

Commentary has a certain visual quality, and it slowly advances from large-scale space to small-scale space with the camera lens. As far as our reading is concerned, the text has been divorced from the TV visual picture (we can still feel the influence of the TV picture on the text, for example? We are back in our backyard now? Introduction words, etc. ), independent, from the perspective of order, is the spatial order:

Planets in the solar system, stars in cosmic galaxies (galaxy groups, daughter galaxies)

This instruction sequence has the following advantages:

(1) Although we live in the universe, we jump out of the universe and explain it as a purely objective object, so that we can introduce it more clearly and intuitively.

(2) The spatial scale is from large to small, so that readers can first understand the whole and then go deep into the local details, so that the order is clear and the levels are clear, which is in line with readers' thinking habits.

(3) From the vast universe, through the endless space, and finally back to the home of mankind, this is a process of exploration and discovery, which shows human respect and admiration for the universe. Take control of our own destiny? Passion. ? The future of mankind depends on how well we know the universe? Looking back at the earth from the universe is the future of mankind, and the order of explanation is in line with the author's thinking.

Second lesson

Four, the key and difficult learning and goal completion process

1. Q: This paper uses a lot of arguments and lyrical techniques. What's the role?

Clarity: The text supplements a lot of relevant knowledge, but what is more prominent is that the author expresses his thoughts and feelings, including a long discussion and lyricism. For example, the first three paragraphs and the last two paragraphs are strongly argumentative and lyrical, integrating reasoning and lyricism, and naturally cooperating with explanatory words to convey the author's understanding of the universe and mankind. Arguments and lyricism in paragraphs can also be seen everywhere, such as? If we are left in the universe at will, our chances of being attached to or detached from a planet are only one in 1033. In daily life, what is such an opportunity? Envy? . Can you see how precious celestial bodies are? Wait a minute.

2. Q: Man's understanding of the universe began with the earth. Why doesn't the author's explanation follow the track of the development of human cognition?

Clear: Of course, it is also good to introduce it according to the course of human understanding of the universe. The introduction order of the text conforms to the law of the evolution of the universe. First there is the universe, then there are galaxies, then there are stars, then there are planets, so it is convenient to sort out knowledge; Secondly, this is the commentary of a TV series. From the point of view of photography, it is easy to grasp the whole first and then the part, and it is easy to show confusion and the visual picture is not harmonious.

3. Question: How much does the author know about the universe?

Clear: The universe is vast and mysterious. And the earth where human beings live is just a drop in the ocean in the universe. Its existence may only mean something to us? . The universe does not exist because of the earth and the people living on it, but the future of mankind depends on the degree of understanding of the universe.

4. Question: How much does the author know about human beings?

Clear: human beings are insignificant in the universe. Just a speck of dust flying in the window in the morning? ; Most of the problems that human beings care about are insignificant and meaningless to the universe; But human beings are brave and glorious. They explore the vast universe with their small bodies. The smallness of human beings is as great as the universe.

5. ask questions; There are a lot of arguments and lyricism in the article. Does it interfere with the interpretation of the universe?

Clarity: As a TV commentary, we should not only let the audience know the objective composition and related knowledge of the universe, but also express the subjective understanding of the universe and the significance of human exploration of the universe, thus infecting the audience and stimulating their interest in the universe. Therefore, discussion and lyricism not only did not interfere with the introduction, but made it more scientific and humanistic.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) assigns homework.

Is it finished? Seminars and exercises one, two? .

Blackboard design:

Teaching reflection:

The design basis and teaching objectives of the second teaching plan of "The Frontier of the Universe" in senior two Chinese.

"Chinese Curriculum Standard for Senior High School" clearly points out:? Cultivate the ability of independent reading, grasp the content of the text as a whole, sort out the ideas and summarize the main points. ? Good at finding problems and asking questions? ,? Pay attention to cooperative learning and form the habit of learning from each other. I am willing to share my reading experience with others. Show your reading results. ? The Frontier of the Universe is selected from American scientist and popular science scientist Carl. Sagan's book Cosmos is also the commentary of a large TV series.

The author introduced us to galaxies, planets, stars and their characteristics in the universe with popular, natural and vivid language. This article is clear-minded, miscellaneous but not chaotic, easy to understand, lively and interesting. According to the types and characteristics of the text, we should pay attention to the scientific point of view, the rigor of logic and the accuracy of language when teaching this course.

Teaching objectives

(1) Clear your mind and have a general idea (2) Gather doubts and solve doubts, break through difficulties (3) Taste the language and understand the rich connotation of the work.

Teaching process and teaching strategy

First of all, stimulate interest and introduce new lessons.

Do you know how many galaxies, planets and stars there are in space?

Do you know how far the farthest star is from us?

Do you know why the stars emit different lights?

Do you know why comets drag their tails?

Astronomical wonders have opened people's curious eyes, and the mysteries of the universe are waiting for us to explore tirelessly with wisdom. Today, let's enjoy the charm of the universe with carl sagan.

(Stimulate doubts and introduce texts to enhance students' desire for knowledge)

Second, sort out the clues and feel the whole.

1, Teacher: Author Carl? Sagan is like a tour guide, taking us to the vast universe. Thinking while reading the text: In what order does the author introduce the universe?

2. Clear your mind and summarize the main points.

The first part (1-4) explores the mysteries of the universe.

The second part (5- 10) galaxies in the universe and their characteristics

The third part (1 1- 13) stars in the universe and their characteristics.

The fourth part (14- 17) Our Milky Way and the Earth

(Guide students to learn independently, let them walk into the text, grasp the content of the text as a whole by clearing their minds, and cultivate students' overall perception ability. )

Third, question and dispel doubts and break through difficulties.

1. What did you learn from reading Frontier of the Universe?

2. What are your doubts about the content of the article?

3. Focus on asking questions, screening and classifying, consulting relevant materials, working in groups, exploring and dispelling doubts.

(1) The title of the text is Frontier of the Universe. The universe is infinite. Is the topic contradictory?

(At present, the farthest world detected is the total galaxy with a radius of 65.438+0 billion light years, which is also the size of the universe in our mind at present. However, beyond 65.438+0 billion light years, there may be countless galaxies and clusters of galaxies, and where their edges are is still a mystery in astronomy. So the title only refers to the scope of the universe currently explored, and the title is not contradictory. )

(2)? Our instinct tells us that we were born in this ocean. ? The theory of evolution clearly tells us that human beings evolved from apes. Why were we born in the sea?

1974 Opari, a biochemist of the former Soviet Union, put forward the hypothesis that four billion years ago, under the action of ultraviolet rays from the sun, the first batch of amino acids appeared on the earth's surface, and these primitive living substances fell into the ocean, forming the so-called? Original soup? With the passage of time, the original materials of life continue to combine, and the structure becomes more and more complicated, eventually forming life. )

(3) Since from a macro point of view, most of the problems that human beings care about can be said to be irrelevant or even insignificant, and we are just a dust flying in the sky in this universe, then why should we continue to explore the mysteries of the universe?

Although the earth is a drop in the ocean in the Wang Yang of the universe, and although human efforts and contributions are insignificant in the universe, human beings must explore the mysteries of the universe if they want to survive and develop. The exploration of the universe and other planets will help us better understand history and control ourselves more scientifically and reasonably. The future of mankind depends on our understanding of the universe. )

(4) Why can the color of the stars show the age?

The color of an object is controlled by its temperature, so are the stars in the sky. The intensity of the light they emit is different at different temperatures and in different bands. Generally speaking, the surface temperature of blue star is above 25000℃, that of white star is 1 1500 ~ 7700℃, and that of yellow star is 6000 ~ 5000℃. )

(5) There are reports about aliens and UFOs in magazines. What is the statement of this article? Maybe? 、? Maybe? Do you think there are intelligent creatures and interstellar civilizations in the universe?

(Scientists speculate that in the universe1000 billion galaxies, if there is intelligent life on one planet in every1000 billion planets, then there are at least1000 billion planets. 1On May 7th, 960, the first plan of Ozma to detect the signals of alien civilization failed. 1972, the United States launched a space probe with human business cards on it, which are still legible after hundreds of millions of years in the universe.

At present, the interstellar communication network has been established, but there is no contact with aliens. Whether there are aliens can only be said by evidence. Nowadays, there are more and more literary works about intelligent life in the universe, and more and more experts are devoted to this research topic. The search for alien civilization has become an international topic. )

(6) What conditions does our earth have to make it the only living star found in the universe at present?

Based on the study of the basic elements of life, scientists have repeatedly calculated all the protein necessary for life. On a certain planet, the probability of life evolving is only about 1.040000 when encountering accidental events. The earth has become the only carrier of life, which is determined by its own unique environment: ① Sunlight is the basis of all life on the earth, which not only keeps the surface of the earth at a suitable temperature, but also provides photosynthesis. As long as our distance from the sun is shortened by 5%, life on earth will be too hot to survive; As long as this distance is extended by 1%, the earth will be covered by glaciers. ② Water is a hotbed of life evolution and an indispensable material condition for the existence of life, which sustains all life.

(3) The atmosphere around the earth not only protects the earth, but also keeps the surface of the earth at a suitable temperature. If any planet wants to have an atmosphere suitable for biological survival and human habitation, it must meet a number of strict conditions. (4) Carbon dioxide preserves the heat radiated by the sun to the ground and reduces the heat loss through the greenhouse effect. Carbon dioxide provides the necessary material basis for photosynthesis. Oxygen is necessary to maintain the life of all animals, including human beings. If the oxygen content in the earth's atmosphere is higher than 25%, natural fires will easily break out on the earth. The oxygen content is 15%, and most advanced organisms will suffocate to death. The oxygen content in the atmosphere remains at about 2 1%. )

(7) The celestial bodies are in constant motion. Will the earth be hit by other celestial bodies, and will the future of the earth become desolate?

Since the 1980s, the theory of celestial collision in the universe has been popular for a period of time, and scientists began to believe that major events in the history of the earth are closely related to collisions. The outbreak of these events has caused environmental disasters and led to the mass extinction of organisms. Experts estimate that asteroids with a diameter of more than 1 km and comets with a diameter of more than 600 m may, in principle, become potential enemies of the earth and may destroy human civilization. The explosion power of a planet with a diameter of 1 km can reach 1000 billion tons of TNT equivalent, far exceeding the simultaneous explosion power of all nuclear weapons in the world today. At present, there are about 1 200 ~ 2000 dangerous molecules with a diameter of 1km in the universe, and there are 1 10,000 comets with a diameter of 1 1,000 m in the solar system. The potential danger is great, but the probability of it happening every year is one in 500,000, and the possibility in the future is 1 1,000. Through the long-term monitoring of near-earth asteroids and comets, human beings can discover the possible collision danger in the future in time, and rely on contemporary scientific and technological research to formulate reasonable defense plans to prevent disasters within their power.

(Questioning and dispelling doubts, building an open classroom and expanding students' autonomous learning space. Enhance students' thirst for knowledge, cultivate students' self-study ability, and cultivate students' ability to find and explore problems. Students cooperate and share resources.

Fourth, read the sentences and experience the characteristics.

This article is a popular science essay, which can guide students to understand its language characteristics from interesting sentences in teaching.

1, the sea just flooded our toes, and at best it just splashed our ankles. The sea is charming, and it is calling us. ? We are eager to go home.

Most of the existing knowledge of mankind comes from the land of the earth, and human exploration of the ocean has begun to take shape, but this is only the beginning. As an available resource, the ocean still has a lot to be developed and utilized by human beings. ? At best, just splashing our ankles? , vividly illustrates this point, and expounds the close relationship between human beings and the ocean: the ocean is the birthplace of life. )

2. Some stars are turning steadily and dignified, and some stars are spinning wildly, making their faces unrecognizable and flat.

(Some stars rotate smoothly and evenly, while others rotate and deform rapidly. The author vividly depicts it with personification, as if showing us the temperament of different stars: some are calm and quiet, and some are anxious. It is lively and interesting to read. )

When we explore the universe, we should be both skeptical and imaginative. Imagination can often lead us to a whole new world. Without imagination, we will hit a wall everywhere. Doubt can free us from illusions and test our conjectures.

The exploration of the unknown requires doubt and imagination. Imagination is the wing of science. Dare to imagine and constantly explore and verify. What is the so-called? Bold assumptions, careful verification? Doubt negates old knowledge and produces new knowledge. The author expounds the complementarity, harmony and unity of imagination and doubt in the exploration of the universe in concise language. The author is not limited to introducing the knowledge of the universe, but also expresses his own opinions. )

I think the universe is probably full of life everywhere, but we humans haven't found it yet. Our exploration has just begun.

Although human exploration of the universe has achieved fruitful and unexpected results, it is only the beginning. What's more, there may be life everywhere in the universe, but we haven't found out how to detect their existence according to the current technology, which will be a historic step in the history of human space exploration. The author's language is rigorous. Maybe? Very expressive, appropriate restrictions. Just? ,? Just? Only? Just now? The words are accurate and measured, which shows that human beings have a long way to explore the universe. )

Pay attention to guide students to understand the author's thoughts, feelings and expression skills, appreciate the language characteristics and cultivate aesthetic ability by trying to figure out the language and characters of the works. )

Fifth, expand and cultivate emotions.

What are your feelings and thoughts after learning Frontier of the Universe? Students exchange ideas with each other.

Reference:

(1) The universe seems to be a very distant concept to us. After studying this article, we further know that we are inseparable from the universe. Compared with the spectacular events in the universe, the strange phenomena we see are insignificant, and the deeper mysteries and wonders in the universe have yet to be explored and discovered by mankind. Man's exploration of the universe is only the first step in the long March. The universe is boundless, and exploration is boundless.

(2) Human beings are lucky, because we own the earth, and we live on the only living planet found at present, where we have thrived and created a splendid civilization. While creating the beauty of the earth, human beings have left more and more environmental disasters, natural resources are decreasing, and environmental pollution and ecological destruction are increasing. A series of environmental and ecological crises broke out in an all-round way, which is making mankind face unprecedented challenges. Man's arrogant rule over the earth can only reap the consequences. It is urgent to cherish and protect our homeland.

(3) In the universe, the earth is small and lonely, and human beings are even smaller and more fragile. The existence of life itself is a miracle, and we are the lucky ones in the universe. Love life, love home.

Combine the text, express your own opinions, and cultivate students' feelings of loving science and home and necessary sense of hardship. )

? Choose your favorite topic from the following topics, consult the materials after class and write a scientific paper.

(1) What do you know about the stars in the universe?

(2) Space in the eyes of astronauts

(3) record the achievements of human exploration of the universe.

(4) Future Space City

(5) If a life planet is found?

(6) The future of the earth

(7) the boundary of the universe

(8) Why is the earth the carrier of life?

(9) The birth and development of the universe

(10) China's space journey

Bibliography:

Magazines: Science Illustrated, Aerospace and Space Travel.

Cosmic exploration, China National Photography Art Publishing House, 200 1 edition.

Space Exploration Science and Technology Literature Publishing House 1999 Edition

The magical starry sky China National Photography Art Publishing House 200 1 edition.

Reading Universe Culture and Art Press, 2002.

Wonderful Earth, Guangxi Science and Technology Press, 1998.

Wonderful Space, Guangxi Science and Technology Press, 1998.

Mystery and exploration of the universe, Harbin Institute of Technology Press, 1998.

From Universe to Life Guangming Daily Press, 2000.

Comment and analysis

The above teaching design embodies the following characteristics:

1, pay attention to dynamic generation, and realize from? Textbooks? Where to? Teaching with textbooks? In this instructional design, students are required to ask questions from the perceived text, and then sort out these questions. Finally, guide students to explore and solve these problems in groups, and change static presupposition into dynamic generation, thus improving students' ability to analyze and solve problems.

2. Develop personality in reading teaching. In this teaching design, we should pay attention to guiding students to consult materials, dispel doubts and explore after class, and adopt the teaching strategy of asking first and then introducing, so that students can explore topics of interest to them, which not only cultivates students' interest in inquiry, but also develops students' personality.

3. Guide students to learn to learn in practice. The cultivation of students' self-study ability is inseparable from students' practical activities. In this teaching design, students are allowed to walk into the text and life with questions, and the knowledge they have learned is closely combined with life practice.