Appreciation of Nanshan Poetry

Nanshan is Zhong Nanshan, also known as Zhong Nanshan. It is a famous mountain in the southern suburbs of Chang 'an.

When Han Yu likes to visit Qishan, he must have put all his eggs in one basket, regardless of his life (supplement to National History Volume). Therefore, his poem Nanshan is magnificent and extraordinary. Photographers not only capture the wonders of Nanshan from all directions and seasons with wide-angle lenses, but also hook up the appearance of the mountain and infiltrate the poet's experience, mood and interest.

This is a five-character ancient poem, with 102 rhymes and three paragraphs. In the first paragraph, "the cymbals are soaring", it is said that the Nanshan Mountain in the distance is in various poses, and it is different at once, which makes people feel excited and blazing. This part is divided into three layers. From the first floor to "I am not authorized", write down the geographical location of Zhong Nanshan. On the second floor, from "group talk trial" to "sudden abnormality", overlooking Zhongnanshan. The poet used many verbs: gather, break, steam, penetrate, float, melt, condense, dew, float and ten thousand to describe the changing state of Yunshan. When the sun rises, the clouds disperse, and you can see that the veins of the peaks are like wisps, densely covered with embroidery; Lan Yun is proud, and the mountain path is flickering, but see "a cave, Shan Lan is getting thinner, and suddenly you can see the mountain through the haze; The flowing clouds sometimes "drift" and sometimes "flat", and the mountains sometimes appear and disappear, and then move quietly; Juan Lan Luan is "floating" and looks like "eyebrow" new green; The clouds disappeared, the peaks became vertical, and Peng Like bathed in the sea. The poet used the illusion caused by floating clouds in the mountain to make the quiet mountain yearn for "floating" and "squatting". Among them, the phrase "Broken Veins Embroider" is exquisite, the phrase "Steamed orchids are like holes, and the inside and outside are suddenly transparent" is magnificent, the phrase "The sky is Qi Mei, and the dark green painting is new" is fresh, and the phrase "Lonely trees are unique, and the sea bath is full of flowers" is bizarre. Later, the mountain scenery of the four seasons wrote: the vegetation in the spring mountain is "beautiful" and fragrant, even if it is "swaying", it is as "powerless" as drunkenness; Summer Mountain is "buried" by the "gloomy" jungle, and all you can see is "the Qifeng of Xia Yun"; In autumn, the vegetation withers, and the "thin" peak pierces the "universe"; In winter, the snow and ice are "carved" and "steep", and the mountains are particularly enchanting under the "new sunrise". The poet outlines the seasonal characteristics of Nanshan with thin and hard sentences, from which he can also realize some life philosophies: things are always changing, and hard rocks will also appear "weak"; The famous mountains in the air are inevitably "buried"; The color representing winter is "jet black", but it is decorated with white ice and snow. " Southwest Xiongtaibai "said Taibai Mountain is the third floor. Taibai, also known as Taiyi, is the main peak of Zhong Nanshan. Writing too white means writing the end of the south. Among them, the phrase "Zhu Weifang scorches the sun and the cymbals fly vertically" is similar to Wang Wei's "One peak divides Shan Ye and the weather is many valleys" in Zhong Nanshan, but the style is quite different. Han Yu's writing is magnificent, and Wang Weizhi's sentences are vigorous and peaceful.

The second paragraph is from "Kunming Dachibei" to "escape from danger and avoid odor". It can be divided into four layers. From the first floor to "getting rich at first sight" Among them, there are six sentences, "Lian Mian looks down on the poor, and the backward party is trapped". The poet took Kunming pool and swam south, overlooking the mountains and shadows in the water all the way, refusing to blink; It is said that the mountain shadow is "trapped" in the pool and cannot be seen; The Kunming Pool, suspected to be 40 miles away in Fiona Fang, is as small as "clear water", which euphemistically reveals the poet's deep affection for Zhong Nanshan. "Slightly shaking the water, rushing", saying that the wind blows the mountain shadows and looks like an ape jumping: the imagination is strange and the sentence is thin, which is the true nature of Han Yu. "I am happy, I am not a servant", which is about my mood when I walk near the south and look up at Nanshan. The language is straightforward and profound, and its words are "rough and magnificent". On the second floor, the poet got lost halfway and failed to climb the mountain. Among them, the following nine sentences, "Walking will lead to poverty", describe the poet's psychology when climbing mountains, which is quite excellent. He ran between hills and mounds, looking for a way to climb the mountain, wishing to move all the peaks around Nanshan; I even want to invite the mythical boast moth and child prodigy to move mountains, but I'm afraid it will go against the original intention of nature. I'm sorry for the thunder and lightning. With these words, the poem made a setback, hovering and gaining momentum, which aroused the following seven sentences, "Climbing high and stepping off", clearly described the difficulty of climbing mountains and hinted at the poet's strong interest in travel. From "looking at karma" to "focusing on quality and transforming trade" is the third layer, focusing on writing it. Among them, "Kling has fallen leaves and wants to save the bird." Flying around for fame and fortune, abandoning the rush to feed, "flying around", like a group of birds sticking to the lake and returning to Xiang, can convey their expressions; The words "save", "strive for the crown" and "abandon" correspond to the former "yin beast" and "sacred object", which cast a mysterious color on this beautiful and quiet place. It contrasts with the previous layer: one is bitter, the other is happy, and the other is relaxed, which has a wonderful opposite; The application and rendering of myth is the foundation for summing up sentences and making poems to reward God's intentions. The last four sentences are about the poet's "turning back" on his way home, remembering Nanshan and coming out of the mountain for the second time. The fourth floor is under the year before last. It is said that the poet went to Nanshan again on the way to his mission, but in the end, the road was blocked by snow and ice, and the branches along the way were covered with ice. If it was "Su Pu (Sword)", it was as dry as "Xiezhou" and had to return disappointed.

From "I came here to see Qing Ji yesterday" to "I am stupid and terrible" as the front layer of the third paragraph. After the poet was relegated to a distant place, he was demoted to Beijing official, and he traveled on impulse and reached the top of the mountain with a broad vision. It used to be a steep hill, which covered the fundus, just like a colorful "wrinkled" stone pile. Since then, 51 "or" sentences and 14 overlapping sentences have been used to describe the various trends of Qianshan. In this regard, there have been many praises and few critics. Criticism focuses on "short taste" and "cost of words". In fact, the purpose of writing this poem by Han Yu is to look like the beauty of Nanshan, but to focus on "things". Therefore, we absorbed the techniques of "zi Xu" and "going to the forest" in the poem, grasped the subtle differences between mountains and valleys, and tried our best to exaggerate and carve them. This is by no means a "short taste" or a "waste of pen and ink", but the result of choosing a poetic style according to the theme (Fang Shiju called Nanshan a prose style), which is an example of "taking prose as poetry". Among them, the word "or" is used together, and Beishan, Xiaoya (with twelve words of "or") is far from description, but closely follows Lu Ji's "Wen Fu" (with eight words of "or") and changes alternately, forming a unique poetic style. Parallelism is often used in sentences, and the words are mixed and awkward, followed by dangerous rhymes, such as "or if there is a connection, or if there is a fight" or "if there is hostility"; Or get married and be intimate "and so on. Poetry is dominated by one metaphor, among which four metaphors and two metaphors are scattered all over the place and are still rich and diverse. There are various sentence patterns, such as "or ××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××× As far as the composition of the whole poem is concerned, the first paragraph amuses you in the distance, and the second paragraph says that you will travel to the mountains for the second time. After difficulties and obstacles, I will not lose interest. After hovering in layers, you will be full of waiting. At this point, you will use 5 1 parallelism sentences and 14 refrain sentences, just like the water of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River. After being blocked by the upstream canyon, it will come out of generate and pour thousands of miles. As far as brushwork is concerned, I first looked down from the mountain and swam twice: once overlooking the reflection in the water and once seeing the scenery of the mountain road; This is a bird's eye view, with different angles and different writing methods. Yamamoto is a still life, but it is all dynamic in Han Yu's works, and the reasons are different: the first paragraph is the illusion that the mountain is "moving" because of the entanglement of clouds, and the second paragraph is that the wind blows water, which causes the mountain shadow to be broken and restless; This passage is an illusion caused by the poet's wandering eyes. You must never repeat such a long poem, especially when you see Han Yu's talent. From the bottom of Big World is the back building. It is said that Nanshan is a strange god, so poets pay for poetry.

Cheng Xuexun said: "To read Nanshan poems, we must look at the riverside scene at Qingming Festival. We must calm down and study one by one to know the beauty of everything. For example, if you eat mackerel five times, you have to chew it one by one to know its taste change. " This comment is very positive.