What happened when Jing Ke stabbed the king of Qin?

Jing Ke Fang Qin Wang described how China, in the 3rd century BC, struggled to unify the world with its ambitious government, and finally established an unprecedented empire. At that time, strictness was a big threat to me. In order to help him achieve unified hegemony as soon as possible, Evonne, a childhood friend of Li Zheng, ventured into the undercover of the hostile Yan State and planned to assassinate Li Zheng under the pretext. As a result, once discovered, the State of Qin had the name of sending troops to attack Yan.

But before the plan was successful, Yi Zheng discovered the secret about his life experience. In order to avoid future trouble forever, the ruthless government killed people and wanted to kill everyone who knew the truth. Because the general attacked neighboring Zhao and captured the traitor fan who knew the truth. However, he broke his promise to kill innocent people and even unarmed children in Zhao. Evonne, who loves him deeply, can't stand Ying Zheng's atrocities. Zhao Ji later changed his mind, decided to pretend it was true, and planned to assassinate the government with Ji Dan.

The story of Jing Ke stabbing the king of Qin took place at the end of the Warring States Period in 227 BC, that is, six years before Qin unified China. At that time, Qin destroyed Korea in 230 BC and Zhao in 228 BC (Qin destroyed Zhao in 222 BC), and the general trend of Qin's unification of the six countries was set. Yan is located in the northeast of Zhao, and it is a weak country. At the beginning, in order to make a good marriage, the prince gave Taizi Dan to Qin as a hostage. However, the Qin Dynasty was unlucky, and Taizi Dan fled back to Yan in 232 BC. In order to resist Qiang Qin's massive attack and avenge "Seeing Mausoleum", Taizi Dan wanted to send assassins to hijack the king of Qin, "to make him know the place of princes"; Or kill Ying Zheng, the king of Qin, to make the state of Qin "chaotic" and "suspicious", and then unite the princes to break the Qin Dynasty. The story of Jing Ke stabbing the king of Qin happened in this background.

The ups and downs and soul-stirring story of Jing Ke Stabbed the King of Qin revolves around the word "stab", which shows the character's personality incisively and vividly from two aspects: character dialogue, expression, action description and scene description.

(1) at the beginning (the Qin general Wang Jian defeated Zhao-I wish I could pay more attention): the origin of the assassination.

At the beginning of the article, six verbs such as "breaking", "catching", "entering", "slightly" and "reaching" are used to describe the invincible situation, which makes the story shrouded in tension from the beginning and sets the tragic tone for later stories. The prince is "afraid" and worried. The phrase "how can you get it if you want to serve for a long time?" Being tactfully implied and slightly blamed, the contradiction between him and Jing Ke began to emerge. At this time of crisis, Jing Ke resolutely answered "I would like to praise the words of the Prince", which reflected his chivalrous spirit of "keeping his word and getting results". However, "acting without faith, Qin is not amiable." He proposed that if you want to win the trust of the king of Qin, you must present "General Fan's Head" and "Yan Du Kang Map". As soon as the hero appeared, he showed his courage and resourcefulness. However, due to the "unbearable" of Taizi Dan and his disagreement with Jing Ke, things have experienced twists and turns.

(2) Development (Jing Ke knew that the prince could not bear it-he finally ignored it): preparation for assassination.

This part includes five scenes: preparing a token, using a sword, using an assistant, angrily denouncing the prince, and bidding farewell to Xiao. Among them, "using a sword" and "using an assistant" are necessary conditions for assassination, but they are all secondary plots and just passing by. The other three plots highlight different aspects of the character, especially the key to "preparing a token" is to inspire Fan Xiantou. Jing Ke considerate of the prince's "tolerance", decisively decided to "see fan in private". A dialogue, first moving with emotion, aroused Fan's hatred of Qin; Then make sense and explain that this move can avenge the second child and solve the problem of Yan state; Finally, let Fan know his action plan. Jing Ke confided in his heart and was moved by his sincerity. In a few words, he made Fan "look up at the sky and sigh, tears streaming down his face", and then "generalize" and committed suicide willingly. This dialogue and action description show the mental outlook of two characters with similarities and differences: both of them are generous people of Yanzhao, one is chivalrous, fearless, decisive, good at rhetoric, old in calculation and chivalrous; A brave, fearless and potbellied military commander has a vivid image.

Raging at the Prince shows the other side of Jing Ke's character. The ancient chivalrous man kept his word, but the prince suspected that he had "repented" and said "remonstrated with Qin Wuyang", which was tantamount to insulting Jing Ke's personality. "A scholar can be killed but not humiliated", Jing Ke defied his usual modesty and "thundered against the prince", which was a manifestation of his strong-willed character. The "lateness", "doubt" and "re-invitation" of the Prince, on the one hand, show his panic and anxiety when he was in Enemy at the Gates, and on the other hand, show his impetuousness and paranoia, which is in sharp contrast with Jing Ke.

"Xiao Shui Farewell" opens a scene of generous elegy and is the climax of "assassination preparation". "fluttering in white" tells a story about where you are going, making it rustle, sing and cry, forming a sad and sad atmosphere, which makes people feel that something is going to happen. However, the author's brushwork changed slightly, and the voice of "changing signs" reverted to the voice of "generous feathers". "All the scholars were surprised and crowned with hair", and the sadness became tragic and the clouds rose, and where to go became a common enemy. This scene of generous elegy has inspired many people with lofty ideals to go through fire and water without hesitation for thousands of years! Describing this scene, the author, like a brilliant cinematographer, alternately unfolds a panoramic shot ("all dressed in white"), a specific shot ("both ancestors left"), a panoramic shot ("all scholars cried") and a specific shot ("just got out of the car, but finally ignored it") by using the methods of point and surface combination and montage.

(3) The climax (when you arrive in the State of Qin-you must make a contract to report to the Prince): The court stabbed the King of Qin to death.

This part describes the confrontation between Jing Ke and the King of Qin, which is magnificent, and Jing Ke's character is also vividly displayed. The plot of this part can be summarized as follows: four scenes: I am deeply blessed-I look at it in despair-I lean against the post and laugh at me.

"I am grateful for my legacy", which can be introduced, shows that I am cautious. When the picture was presented, Qin Wuyang, a 12-year-old murderer, "turned pale with fear" and saw that things would be exposed. Mutation at this point, Jing Ke's heart has remained motionless, a few words not only hide the abnormal expression of Qin Wuyang, but also praise the power and prestige of the king of Qin, making Qin Junchen feel suspicious up and down. Coupled with a sentence of "laugh", "care" and "forward", he is calm, witty and calm, which shows that he really has superhuman courage and temperament, and can be described as a brave man. Comparing Qin Wuyang's "fear of color change", it is clear which one is brave and which one is timid, which is in line with the above plot that Taizi Dan suspects that Jing Ke believes in Wuyang. "The picture is poor and the dagger is seen", and the contradiction conflicts to the point where the white blade meets each other. The king of Qin, who was unprepared for the spirit, was so frightened that he could not even draw his sword. At the same time, Jing Ke "takes-sends-sends-holds-",and the two sides launched a life-and-death struggle. At this moment, in the solemn Qin court, Jing Ke "chased", the king of Qin "walked" and the officials "surprised", and finally there was a dramatic scene of "unarmed combat". Seeing that the king of Qin was about to become a ghost under the sword, Jing Ke was "cut off from the left" by the king of Qin, and immediately changed from an advantage to a disadvantage. In the end, "being beaten eight" completely lost its combat effectiveness. In this part, many urgent phrases are used, highlighting the tense situation at stake. In this thrilling struggle, the author used the consternation of his ministers, the anxiety of the king of Qin, and the left and right sighs to set off Jing Ke's heroism. "Leaning on the bar and laughing and cursing" is vivid and vivid, highlighting the death of Jing Ke. "It's a pity that swordsmanship is sparse, and it failed to achieve outstanding achievements" (Tao). Who doesn't regret it after reading it today?

(4) End (last paragraph): Jing Ke was beheaded. A lively drama with much thunder and little rain and excitement ended in Qin Wang's "Dazzling for a long time"

Second, the problem exploration

1. What kind of character does Jing Ke's plot to assassinate the king of Qin show? What is the role of writing "Unbearable" by Taizi Dan?

Jing Ke's plan grasped the key problem of how to meet the king of Qin. He proposed to use General Fan's head and Du Kang's map as keepsakes to cheat the trust of the king of Qin, and he had superhuman courage and courage. He put forward this plan only when the prince was in a hurry, which shows that he is very shrewd. The prince's "unbearable" set off Jing Ke's extraordinary ingenuity.

2. How does the author describe the scene of Xiaoshui's farewell?

(1) Grasp the characteristics. Such as the description of farewell, grasp the characteristics of "white clothes". (2) Highlight key points. Among many figures, Jing Ke is the focus; "Ancestors, Take a Good Road" is abbreviated, focusing on generous elegies. (3) Take the overall situation into consideration. The prince, guests, Gao Jianli, scholars and other people present all considered it, and by writing "scholars cry" and "scholars look at the crown", they rendered a desolate atmosphere and United momentum. (4) in an orderly way. Character activities are described in chronological order. (5) combine the scenery. "The wind is rustling and the water is cold" gives people an immersive feeling.

3. How should we evaluate Jing Ke's assassination of the King of Qin?

Jing Ke stabbed the king of Qin to death, which was a just action against violence, and the unification of the six countries by Qin was the trend of historical development, which could not be changed by the will of an individual or a few people, so it only ended in tragedy. Jing Ke stabbed the king of Qin, and the struggle against negative factors in the process of historical development was reasonable. As far as the whole historical development process is concerned, it has great limitations.

Opinions on Jing Ke have always been different. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Su Xun criticized Jing Ke's "initial disaster". Bao Biao in the Southern Song Dynasty said "Tao is not enough". Zhu thought that "one person's courage is not enough", but there were many people who affirmed Jing Ke. The first one is Sima Qian. At the end of Historical Records Biography of Assassins, it said: "Its intention is quite natural, and it does not deceive its ambition. Its name is remembered by future generations." Zuo Si's Fu on Jing Ke praised him as "although there is no brave day, it is also very different from the world", and "humble people feel inferior, but they are extremely important". Tao Qian said that he "has lost his life for thousands of years". In modern times, Gong Zizhen praised him as a "chivalrous man in the Jianghu". Most critics believe that although Jing Ke didn't understand the difficulty of dominating the world and the unification of the Qin Empire is an inevitable trend of historical development, his spirit and spirit of standing up and avoiding difficulties and obstacles in the troubled times of the country are still commendable.