Mona Lisa, Fula in a hat, self-portrait.

Like enjoying Da Vinci's works? Mona Lisa? In the first class, in order to let students fully feel the eternal and mysterious smile of Mona Lisa, I specially enlarged and projected the Mona Lisa on the screen, so that students could watch it silently for one minute in the beautiful music melody and feel her charming smile with their eyes and hearts. At this moment, suddenly a voice came from the corner of the classroom, "I don't think it's beautiful at all." This idea is completely unexpected. Should we pretend not to hear, or should we face the students' "objections"? ! At this point, a flash of light flashed in my mind. Isn't this a way to deeply analyze the works? So, I decided to put down my work and not analyze it for the time being. But from the introduction of that era, let students feel the social atmosphere of that era, and understand how the author has the courage and courage to break through the religious cage formed in the Middle Ages in Europe, and replace the unchangeable artistic image with religion in his works with an ordinary female image. At the same time, this work can be compared with the works before the Renaissance, so that students can feel the author's advocacy of Renaissance humanism, praise of human life and affirmation of human value. Then let the students appreciate the work. At this time, students will not have the deviation of initial understanding, but will appreciate the works with a new understanding and a new aesthetic angle. Their feelings will be stronger, deeper and more lasting, and their feelings for the works will be fuller.

The 54-year-old Rembrandt, with a palette and a brush in his left hand and his right hand on his waist, was unkempt and unkempt, showing poverty and shabby appearance. Fat figure, wrapped in a headscarf, only a pair of eyes are still bright, he seems to be thinking about something, without a smile on his face, standing coldly in front of the easel. The background is diluted, highlighting the painter's upper body, towering like a tower, and only the life of art supports him forever.

His self-portraits usually don't date. If all his self-portraits are sorted out, we can see that before the age of 34, his self-portraits were full of faith and had a tough and determined character. In this self-portrait, the painter only uses simple and broad brushstrokes to carve his inner feelings, and the seriousness of his expression is an external reflection of his enduring increasing pressure of life.

The size of this painting is about 1 14×96 cm, which was kept by Ivor in Kenwood, USA, and was later bequeathed to London.

Among all Rembrandt's portraits, the self-portrait occupies a very important position, and it is almost impossible to find the second one among all oil painters in history. According to incomplete statistics, there are about 90 self-portraits of him in museums all over the world, including 60 oil paintings, 20 copperplate prints and sketch self-portraits 10. According to his later experience and the fact that he sold his property, it is likely that some self-portrait works were lost in private hands. A theorist has calculated that he draws two self-portraits every year on average, so the total number should be more than one hundred.

His self-portraits are not only numerous, but also the artistic quality improves with his age. Especially in the second half of his life, the tempering of real life made him know himself more deeply. Around the 1960s, his self-portrait showed a distinct personality. The painter pays great attention to the inner temperament of the face, from which the viewer can find a potential inner language. This "Self-portrait" was painted on 1660, and it was also a masterpiece completed by the painter after losing his wife. At that time, his family property had been sold and moved to Lachter in Rosanov. At that time, his career was in a mess, and he could only be an "employee" in the "art processing company" run by Hendridge and his ex-wife's son titus. This painting is the true image of him at that time. Rembrandt's self-portrait

For 500 years, people have been unable to agree on the mysterious smile of Mona Lisa. Different audiences or at different times look and feel different. I think she sometimes smiles comfortably and gently, sometimes looks serious, sometimes looks slightly sad, and sometimes even reveals ridicule and ridicule. In a painting, the change of light can't be as different as in sculpture. However, on Mona Lisa's face, dim shadows appear and disappear, covering her eyes and lips with a veil. However, people's smiles are mainly reflected in the corners of their eyes and corners of their mouths. But Leonardo da Vinci's descriptions of these parts are faint and have no clear boundaries, which is why there is such an elusive "mysterious smile".

Dr. Livingstone, a neuroscientist at Harvard University, said that Mona Lisa's smile was flickering, which was related to the human visual system, rather than the mysterious expression of the people in the painting. Dr. Livingstone is an authority on visual nerve activity, mainly studying the response of eyes and brain to different contrast and light and shade. Livingstone said: "The smile is flashing because the viewer has changed the position of his eyes." She said that the human eye has two different parts to receive images. The central part (that is, the shallow fossa on the retina) is responsible for distinguishing colors and marking them carefully. Pay attention to the black and white, movements and shadows around the shallow pit. According to Livingstone, when people look at a face, most of their eyes are fixed on the other person's eyes. If people's central vision is placed in Mona Lisa's eyes, then less accurate peripheral vision will fall on her mouth. Because peripheral vision does not pay attention to nuances, it invisibly highlights the shadow of cheekbones. In this way, the radian of the smile is even greater. However, when the eyes look directly at Mona Lisa's mouth, the central vision will not see the shadow. Livingstone said, "If you look at her mouth, you will never catch her smile." Mona Lisa's smile is looming because people's eyes are constantly shifting. Livingstone pointed out that if you want to copy the Mona Lisa, you should look away when describing your mouth.

1993, Susan Gill, a Canadian art historian, published a shocking research result. She said that Mona Lisa's lips, which attracted countless audiences, were men's bare backs. This argument is novel and absurd, but it is powerful. Leonardo da Vinci, a painter, sculptor, architect, engineer and scientist, was a "geek". He likes to wear a pink coat, paint his beard with colorful colors without scruple, and often claims that he has dissected more than 30 bodies. He is still left-handed and used to write backwards from right to left. Others must use the mirror to read what he wrote. Therefore, using the mirror is also a way for the audience to read pictures. After rotating 90 degrees, Mona Lisa's lips in the mirror are just the back of a strong man with clear lines, as well as his left arm and elbow angle; Besides, expressing the beauty of human body and calling for the awakening of human nature is not only the master's philosophy of life, but also his artistic view.

Indeed, people will get different feelings when they appreciate this painting from different angles and under different light. That smile is sometimes gentle, sometimes serene and serious, sometimes slightly sad, and sometimes somewhat ironic and ridiculous. The mysterious smile reveals the mysterious spiritual activities of the characters.

For hundreds of years, new explanations of "smile" have emerged one after another. For example, smiling without showing white teeth is because the prototype is elegant and beautiful but not good at words; The prototype is depressed and unhappy because of the death of his beloved daughter, and it is difficult to hide his sadness. What's more, Mona Lisa was pushed off the throne of a lady, and the prototype was demoted to a prostitute, so she smiled with ridicule and ridicule.

Dr Joseph Baukowski of Maryland, USA, said: "The Mona Lisa didn't laugh at all. Her facial expression typically shows that she wants to hide that she has no front teeth. "

Dr Jean Jacques Kondert, a brain surgeon in Lyon, France, thinks that Mona Lisa has just suffered a stroke. Look, half of her face is flabby and her face is crooked, so she looks smiling.

Dr Kenneth gay friends, a British doctor, thinks the Mona Lisa is pregnant. His basis is that her face is satisfied, her skin is fresh and tender, and her hands are crossed on her abdomen. Sexologists speculate that Mona Lisa has just experienced an orgasm, so she showed a smile that fascinated the world.

There is also an almost nonsense statement: her expression looks like she ate phenylalanine, a pleasure hormone produced in her body after eating chocolate. Few people believe this statement because there was no chocolate at that time.

In the painting, the horizon on the left is lower than the right, and the left side of Mona Lisa looks bigger than the right side. Historically, the left side represents women, which shows Leonardo's worship of women. Computer analysis shows that Mona Lisa's face has many similarities with Leonardo da Vinci's self-portrait. Maybe Mona Lisa is Leonardo da Vinci herself. In Egyptian legend, the god in charge of male genitalia is called Amon, and the god in charge of female genitalia is called Isis-pronounced L'ISA in ancient Chinese, so Mona Lisa implies that Mona Lisa is neither male nor female, but a fusion of the two sexes.

Edit this passage "The Mystery of Mona Lisa's Authenticity".

It is said that Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa is collected in the Louvre in Paris. However, there is a saying in the collection that it is not the Mona Lisa hanging in the Louvre, but the real Mona Lisa hanging on the wall of an apartment in London.

Dr Pulitzer, the custodian of the apartment and the work, said that after the Mona Lisa was completed, the work was left in Lisa de Zogon's home. Later, another nobleman asked Da Vinci to paint a portrait of his mistress. The woman known as "La Gioconda" (meaning "smiling person") looks very much like the Mona Lisa. So the lazy Da Vinci changed the Mona Lisa's face into Jokangda. After the painting was completed, the nobles abandoned La Qiaokangda and did not buy this painting. Later, at the invitation of Francis I, Leonardo da Vinci took the painting to France. Pulitzer said that what makes the Louvre more brilliant is the portrait of Gioconda. Mona Lisa was later exiled to England. At the beginning of this century, it was bought by william blake, a museum curator and art connoisseur, and later by a Swiss consortium, of which Pulitzer was a member.

At the beginning of this century, many people copied and forged famous works of art on a large scale, so there is reason to suspect that the one in London is a fake. However, Dr. Pulitzer is convinced of the authenticity of his paintings. He confirmed through photomicrography that the fingerprints on this painting in London are the same as those on other works of Leonardo da Vinci. According to records, the Mona Lisa is younger 19 years old than La Giocondo, and was painted with a veil of mourning. Of the two paintings, only the one in London shows a young woman wearing a beautiful veil. Another evidence is that Raphael drew a sketch when Leonardo da Vinci painted this painting. There are two pillars behind the Mona Lisa in the sketch, which appear in the portrait of London, while the background of the Louvre painting is cliffs, paths, stone bridges, trees and flowing water.

For hundreds of years, many collectors have claimed that they have the real Mona Lisa, and the number has reached as many as 60. More interestingly, the Bertrand Museum of Art in Maine received a Mona Lisa without a smile at 1984. It has been determined that this painting was indeed written by Leonardo da Vinci, and all the characters in the painting resemble the Mona Lisa. Experts speculate that this smiling Mona Lisa may be a manuscript drawn by the author at the same time.

There is also a saying that the Mona Lisa in the Louvre is a fake, which is based on the theft in 19 1 1. The Mona Lisa was stolen in that theft. Two years later, it appeared in Italy, but the colonnade on both sides behind the Mona Lisa has been cut off. A few years later, the Mona Lisa was returned to the Louvre. However, many experts believe that this recovery is only a smoke screen. The real Mona Lisa has been bought by a rich collector, and what hangs in the Louvre is only a fake.

Edit the mystery of the Mona Lisa background.

Carlo pedretti, a professor at the University of California, believes that the background behind Mona Lisa is the scenery near Brianaud Bridge in arezzo, central Italy. Pedretti's evidence is that Da Vinci was born in Da Vinci Town, about 100 km from arezzo, and once lived in arezzo. The original landscape in this area is almost the same as the background of Mona Lisa. So Leonardo da Vinci probably used the pastoral scenery in this area as the background of Mona Lisa. When pedretti's views were published at the International Symposium on Da Vinci's Painting, many experts in art history affirmed his research results.

Edit the mystery of Mona Lisa's death.

According to records, Lisa Di Gradini died of depression at the age of 46, but a Japanese cardiologist said that he found a macula on the Mona Lisa's left eye, which is a sign of high cholesterol. Japanese cardiologists say the Mona Lisa should have died of a myocardial infarction.

The life story of editing the Mona Lisa was revealed to the world.

For hundreds of years, the debate about the true identity of the woman in the painting has never stopped. Experts from Heidelberg University in Germany got the latest clues from the notes on the pages of historical documents in the library, and uncovered the mystery of Mona Lisa's life experience.

Experts from the University of Heidelberg claimed that by analyzing the scribbled notes in the margin of a 500-year-old page in the library, they could confirm that this woman with a mysterious smile was Lisa Gerbodini, the wife of Florentine cloth dealer Francisco de Giocondo. This document was discovered two and a half years ago by Dr. Armine Schlecht, head of the university handwriting department. The original owner of this document, agostino Wesp, was familiar with Leonardo da Vinci and was an official of the Florence government at that time. In his notes left in the margin of the document, he compared Leonardo da Vinci with Apelles, an ancient Greek artist, and said that Leonardo da Vinci was creating three works at the same time, one of which was a portrait of Lisa de Giocondo. The date of the document is 1503 10 month, which is consistent with the approximate time when experts judged that the work was completed 1503 to 1506.

Mona Lisa is a treasure of the Louvre, also known as Madame Giocondo. Her surname means happiness in Italian.

Edit this mysterious Mona Lisa prototype.

For more than 500 years, historians have been arguing about the prototype of Leonardo da Vinci's famous painting Mona Lisa. Especially the mysterious smile on the face of the person in the painting is the mystery of people's speculation. Recently, Usep Palanti, an ordinary teacher in Florence, Italy, put forward a new view that the Mona Lisa is a "housewife" with five children.

According to the Daily Telegraph 1, Palanti studied the archives of Florence for 25 years, and then came to the conclusion that the prototype of Mona Lisa was lisa gherardini, the wife of a friend of Leonardo da Vinci's father and a housewife with five children.

According to Palanti's research, Lisa married Francesco Giocondo, a Florentine silk merchant, when she was 1495 and 16 years old, and Giocondo was a good friend and neighbor of Leonardo's father Piero. Lisa is Giocondo's second wife. The couple have a good relationship and have five children. Giocondo said in his will that Lisa was his "beloved" and "loyal" wife.

Palanti believes that The Portrait of Mona Lisa was completed when Lisa was 24 years old. Leonardo da vinci's father arranged everything and paid his son to paint this picture for his friend's wife. At that time, Leonardo da Vinci was troubled by a financial dispute. His father probably wanted to help his son in this way.

In the legend about the prototype of Mona Lisa, some people say that the person in the painting was a famous prostitute in Florence at that time, while others say that the person in the painting is a self-portrait of a woman by Leonardo da Vinci himself. Last year, an American professor named Xie Wen Newland claimed that he had discovered the real secret behind Mona Lisa's smile. Mona Lisa always has a smile on her face, because the owner in the painting happened to be pregnant when she was a model of Leonardo da Vinci. This is a mother's mysterious smile when a new life is about to be born.

At present, Palanti is compiling her research results into a book during the summer vacation and plans to publish it in August.

Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa was originally painted in the Louvre in Paris. But for hundreds of years, collectors have claimed that they have collected more than 60 Mona Lisa paintings.

Edit this mystery of Mona Lisa's disappearance.

Due to the interruption of the exhibition due to the relocation of the exhibition hall, it will "disappear" in the Louvre exhibition hall for the first time in 30 years.

Mona Lisa has been smiling silently at the audience in the Louvre. On April 4th this year, she finally had a day off.

On April 4th, visitors will not see Mona Lisa's charming smile in the Louvre. According to the statement of the Louvre, the Mona Lisa will move to the exhibition hall on the same day and take a "vacation", which will be the first time that this famous painting has been suspended in the Louvre in 30 years.

The Louvre said in a statement that four years later, the Mona Lisa will be moved to the renovated old exhibition hall on April 4. In 2000, due to the age of the old exhibition hall, there were problems in preservation conditions and safety measures, and the Louvre moved the Mona Lisa to the current temporary exhibition hall.

According to the museum's explanation, it will be inevitable to interrupt the exhibition for one day, because engineers need to install lighting facilities and special reflective glass for the moved Mona Lisa on that day, and set up a more reasonable visit path. In order to avoid the disappointment of a large number of tourists, the Louvre informed nearly 6,000 travel agencies around the world, and explained it in 10 on its home page.

Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa is the most famous work of art in the Louvre. According to statistics, 90% visitors to the Louvre will not miss this "smile". The museum's souvenir shop sells more than 330,000 Mona Lisa souvenirs every year, including postcards, magnets and puzzles.

Since the establishment of 1789 Louvre and the arrival of Mona Lisa, the museum has avoided interrupting the exhibition of this painting except for a few accidents. According to a staff member of the museum, "Rembrandt, Titian and greco can all be shelved for several weeks, but the Mona Lisa can't". Even the guardian of this famous painting himself can only get close to this painting and carry out research work when the Louvre is closed. The x-ray detection study of this painting was carried out in the middle of the night.

The last time the Mona Lisa disappeared from the view of the Louvre visitors was in 1974. At that time, she traveled across the ocean to visit Japan. According to experts' estimation, this kind of exhibition tour is unlikely to happen again in the future. The upgraded exhibition hall has enough capacity to cope with the tourist flow of 1500 people per hour, so April 4 this year is probably the only holiday of the Mona Lisa for many years.

Edit this endless Mona Lisa

Mona Lisa, this is an endless question. It has been nearly 500 years since it came out, and later generations have many comments and speculations, leaving more and more puzzles. At present, there are hundreds of monographs on Mona Lisa in the world, and nearly 100 scholars regard this painting as a lifelong topic. The passage of time will not solve the puzzle, but will only leave more doubts for future generations with the deepening of research.

People love her excessively. Endlessly explore her imperceptible, fleeting but eternal smile, her all-seeing and all-inclusive eyes, her dignified and calm posture, her noble and simple costume, and her impeccable perfect composition. People marvel: Leonardo, only with the wisdom of Leonardo and God, can we collect so many beautiful elements and combine many beautiful things into a perfect whole. Therefore, beauty, wisdom, eternity, trinity, ultimate collocation, there is no possibility of transcendence. In this way, "Mona Lisa" brings people infinite beautiful reverie, but also gives people infinite heavy pressure. People are willing to live in her shade and absorb nourishing nutrition; I long to get out of her shadow and breathe the free air. For many years, countless people who are obsessed with painting things have been troubled by this contradiction.

This is a myth, which has nothing to do with Leonardo da Vinci, and is completely fabricated by later generations. Myth is like a snowball, which keeps rolling and expanding with the passage of time, and finally even the maker of myth is swallowed up. Today, the Mona Lisa sits in a prominent position in the Louvre, and welcomes thousands of tourists with a familiar, mysterious and eternal smile every day through the thick bulletproof glass. These pilgrimage-like audiences are full of all kinds of questions. They are eager to read the answer through this gentle and quiet face, but when they leave, they take away more questions. There are many problems, many of which have nothing to do with the Mona Lisa. Some people may ask: Is Mona Lisa the name of the person in the painting or another name for the smile? Is the person in the picture the wife of banker Joe Gondo or Princess Isabel? Does this painting have a real model, or is it drawn by imagination? The characters in this painting have no eyebrows. Is this the aesthetic fashion of Florence in those days, or is it the pregnancy reaction that some people say? Did the person in the painting just experience the pain of miscarriage and put on mourning? Is Mona Lisa's puzzled expression really a smile? Isn't it caused by facial paralysis? Is the Mona Lisa a man or a woman? Is the prototype Leonardo himself? The more bizarre the problem is, the farther away it is from the painting itself, which not only does not help to interpret the painting, but leads people astray.

In fact, some questions have constituted blasphemy against the Mona Lisa, but the questioner has not yet noticed it. Is the Mona Lisa a man or a woman? Is it necessary to ask? No one with gender awareness should question this, but some people still insist on asking such absurd questions. Some people say that Mona Lisa gives people a neutral feeling, at least she won't give people a sexual temptation. Excuse me, can only sex appeal constitute female beauty? So, what's the difference between portraits and pornographic photos? There is no doubt that Mona Lisa is beautiful, and her beauty is fully reflected in the beauty of human nature, not limited to female characteristics; In other words, her beauty has surpassed the gender barrier, but this does not mean that she can't distinguish between the sexes. If there is no ulterior motive, it is very boring to ask absurd questions about obvious facts. It's outrageous to say facial paralysis in the face of a pleasing portrait. Is Mona Lisa's expression stiff? It's ridiculous to say that a moment's expression is frozen and stiff. The smile is indescribable. Unconscious smile, friendly smile, gratified smile or slightly sarcastic smile in concentration are all the feelings of everyone under different emotions, but there is no doubt about the smile. As for some people who think that Mona Lisa's smile is beyond the reach of ordinary people, there is absolutely no need to conclude that this painting is not based on a real person, but is entirely based on imagination. People are amazed at Leonardo da Vinci's superb painting skills: the people in the painting, from the five senses to the hands, to other parts of the body, including clothes, are so real and tangible, almost within reach, beyond imagination. If there were no real people for reference, even if he had great talent, Leonardo could not have painted so vividly and delicately. Someone wants to ask, the eyes of the person in the painting are so far away from her smile, so don't argue deeply. Is that unique to him? Why can't modern people imitate it? In fact, such a question is easy to answer. Anyone who knows painting knows that portrait painting is different from character prototype. A good portrait should first reflect the interactive relationship between the author and the object of performance; The painter melts his wisdom, emotion, philosophy of life, spiritual desire and so on into the characters in the painting, and the audience will certainly read more from the picture than the real characters. After we learned about leonardo da vinci's life and his extraordinary achievements in many fields, the above problems were solved. In this case, it doesn't matter who the wife and name of the person in the painting are. She is the collection of all leonardo da vinci's artistic talents and the concentrated expression of his ideal personality. In this sense, she is not anyone's wife, she is a perfect human nature beyond the limits of convention. We can understand that Mona Lisa is a spiritual portrait of Leonardo da Vinci, but it is too vulgar to say that she is a model. Someone compared Leonardo da Vinci's self-portrait with Mona Lisa through computer technology, and found that the basic structure of the two was strikingly similar, so he concluded that the painting was based on himself. In fact, this is nitpicking. Similarity does not mean coincidence, of course, complete coincidence is impossible, just like the person in the painting is not completely the same as the real person; But different people always have similarities, similarity is the main thing, but the difference is very small; What's more, every painter always unconsciously brings his own image into the picture when describing others, because the painter is most familiar with himself; I think Leonardo da Vinci will be no exception. Having said that, there is no need to explain the remaining questions. If we look at more paintings and get in touch with painters, then irrelevant questions will not be raised.

Refuting these questions doesn't mean that the study of Mona Lisa is meaningless. As the most famous work in the history of world art, there are bound to be endless problems for future generations to discuss. People are so familiar with the Mona Lisa that it is hard to be fresh. However, people who are fascinated by this painting will get new gains every time they look at it, and the mystery is even understandable. Mona Lisa is not only the treasure of the Louvre, but also the pride of the French. At that time, the Mona Lisa was stolen, and thousands of people felt sad about it. The government designated this day as "National Disaster Day"; When it was recovered, the whole country was jubilant, and its grand occasion was no less than the rebirth of the country. Have the French forgotten that the Mona Lisa should not belong to them? In Italy, the hometown of Mona Lisa, there are immeasurable artistic treasures; It's a pity that we don't have the Mona Lisa. This is a painting with the largest number of fans in the world. Not to mention the art world, it is surprising that politicians are obsessed with her: whenever the famous President Charles de Gaulle is upset, he will drive to the Louvre to enjoy the Mona Lisa, and when he comes out, he will be all smiles, and his original troubles will be gone; On the other hand, President Pompidou publicly admitted that he could not restrain his desire for the Mona Lisa. Churchill, the great man of the century, has changed a lot, but when he was lucky enough to kiss Mona Lisa in his later years, he couldn't control his trembling fingers. Mrs. Thatcher, the Iron Lady, also has a soft spot for Mona Lisa, so she collected four fakes without appreciating the original. Seeing these facts, we will have questions: why does a small portrait have such great charm or shock? Isn't it driven by a mysterious invisible force?