Id, id and superego photography

? ID: It is made up of the primitive impulse of human beings, and abides by the principle of happiness: every wish should be satisfied immediately. This is the original driving force of human beings.

Ego: recognize the realistic problems and abide by the realistic principles: we can't have everything we want, and we must consider the real world.

? Superego: it comes from parents' ethical thoughts and social moral principles, and it obeys moral principles.

The relationship between the three: the ego will communicate and coordinate with the id, and try to find a reasonable way to meet the needs of the id without causing adverse effects. Ego is controlled by superego, which has judgment, or it can be said that it is the source of conscience, guilt and shame.

In fact, Freud believed that there are many opposing forces in the "unconscious":

1) the driving force of life and death

2) Memories and emotions in consciousness and repressed memories and emotions.

3) The surrounding reality and the repressed reality.

Freud said that it is the conflict of these opposing forces that leads to psychological disharmony and is the root of human suffering.

Because the unconscious is inaccessible, the only way to find conflicts is through observation, and the only way to identify conflicts is through symptoms. Freud said that emotional pain is the result of unconscious conflict. So Freud's treatment of mental illness is to solve these conflicts-to release patients from repressed memories and emotions. This method is called psychoanalysis, psychotherapy or psychoanalysis.

When unconscious thoughts cannot be extracted by normal methods, we can also understand unconscious thoughts by other methods, such as our preferences, symbols that attract us or symbols that we are attracted to or created. Freud mentioned in the book Interpretation of Dreams that analyzing dreams is a way to make the unconscious surface: he said that every dream represents a wish, and the more unacceptable the desire at the level of consciousness, the deeper or more distorted the dream is. Therefore, the unconscious transmits the information in consciousness through coding (sending information to our conscious mind through code).

? In order to help the individual get rid of the repressed state and start to consciously deal with the practical problems that affect him, Freud thought it necessary to visit the repressed emotions. He also asserted that unprocessed emotions are always a threat, which will produce more and more uncomfortable tension. The unconscious will take more extreme measures to suppress them, which will be manifested from the level of consciousness.

? Freud founded the Psychoanalytic Society in Vienna, which had a far-reaching influence on the field of psychopsychology at that time. He trained many people to inherit his method. With the passage of time, his students and other scholars constantly revised his views and gradually divided the society into three factions:

1) Freudian school: adhere to Freud's original ideas.

2) melanie klein (1882- 1960, Austrian-born British psychoanalyst) school: It follows Klein's academic thought: on the one hand, her theory retains Freud's instinctive drive, on the other hand, it greatly expands the theory of object concept and object relationship.

3) Neo-Freudian school: applying, modifying and expanding Freud's thoughts to other broader fields.

Modern psychoanalysis includes at least 22 different schools of thought, and Freud's thoughts have a great influence on them.

Subsequent influence

Freud's thought is very enlightening. Many people put forward different opinions on his thought and made various modifications and optimizations:

19 13 years, John B. Watson (American psychologist, father of behaviorism school) criticized Freud's views as unscientific, lacking evidence and unable to prove them. This inspired the emergence of cognitive psychology.

? 1944, carl jung founded the concepts of universal prototype and collective unconsciousness on the basis of Freudian theory. He said that the existence of universal archetypes proves the existence of the unconscious.