Submarines work underwater for a long time. How do the staff inside solve the problem of eating and drinking?

Probably anyone who sees a submarine for the first time will have this idea: How do soldiers live in such a small space with such a big "snakehead"? The above questions are not difficult to answer. After reading this article, you will definitely have a new understanding of the basic necessities of life of submarine soldiers. \ x0d \ x0d \ Eat well \ x0d \ x0d \ Submarines should be loaded with fresh water, food, fuel, electricity and gas in advance, and all kinds of machinery, documents and instruments are available. In terms of food, the submarine should carry a lot of canned food, vegetables, fruits and other foods that can be stored for a long time, such as oranges and bananas, as well as rice and flour. Due to the limited fresh water, the rice, vegetables and fruits carried on the submarine are pretreated and can be directly put into the pot for import. Generally, rice noodles, vegetables and fruits are eaten first, and then canned. Usually, officers and correspondents will eat in the conference room (lounge), and sailors will eat in the accommodation room in two shifts (the other shift is on duty). \ x0d \ x0d \ Soldiers often walk into the spacious and bright crew dining room after returning from combat readiness cruise at sea, and are greeted by various snacks, meat and colorful fruits, piles of bread, large cups of fresh milk and various steaming and delicious dishes. Then, why should we take good care of submarine soldiers in material security? The reason is that the living conditions of submarine soldiers are difficult, and adequate food is very important to maintain the physical strength and morale of submarine soldiers. \ x0d \ x0d \ wears very little, almost streaking \ x0d \ x0d \ because the submarine is sealed and the mechanical equipment emits a lot of heat when sailing, the temperature in the cabin is very high. In order to ensure safety, the cabin of the submarine is also sealed. Because the heat emitted by the machines in each cabin is different, the temperature of the submarine cabin is also different. Even the "cool" cabin is above 30 degrees, and the temperature of some cabins is often as high as 50 degrees (such as engine room). Although there is air conditioning now, sometimes it can be saved in order to save energy. Due to the sultry heat in the boat, it is impossible to take a bath. In this case, officers and men wear blue-gray loose and bulky linen shorts and vests regardless of their positions and ages. Although the linen fabric feels rough and hard, it absorbs sweat well, volatilizes and does not stick to the body. Even if you wear it for ten days and a half, you won't smell of sweat. \x0d\ Sleeping is the biggest crime \ x0d \ x0d \ The cabin space of the submarine is very narrow: you should use a detachable suspended sleeper when sleeping, put it on your clothes, and then take it off after getting up, otherwise it will affect the normal traffic or operation. Sailors sleep on cots, which are connected from top to bottom by hanging chains. There are three or four floors, and it is not easy for people to turn over. The second cabin, also known as the bow battery cabin, is called the "official cabin" because all the officers on the submarine are parked here: there are three rooms on the starboard side called the "presidential room", one is the captain's room and the other is the political commissar's room. A junior officer also enjoys the treatment of the "presidential room", that is, translation, which is related to his work nature and password. Other officers moored on the port side. They call themselves "leftists", and their captains, political commissars and translators are called "Rightists". The torpedo cabin at the bow of the boat is the largest cabin in the submarine, but it is not much better during the voyage. The left and right rows of the Blood Torpedo Rack occupy the main space of the cabin with the torpedoes fastened with fixed belts and filling devices. The torpedo body is coated with butter and the propeller is coated with black tar, which inevitably rubs against people and makes them sticky, so they can only be wiped with diesel oil. It is precisely because the torpedo room at the bow of the ship is spacious, convenient and cool, so it is inevitable to make people covet. If you meet an easy-going person in charge of the fish and mineral department (the person in charge of the room), the room will be filled with vegetables and food when you go out to sea, and a lot of extra beds will be set up on the spare torpedo rack, and some "outsiders" in other rooms will sleep here. \ x0d \ x0d \ Many people think that submarine soldiers live on ships all the time. Actually, it's not. When there is no planned mission, the submarine soldiers and the army live in the same barracks, which is different from the surface ships. Living in a sailor's barracks has many advantages. First of all, the living environment is spacious, so you can put more personal belongings. Secondly, you don't have to suffer in his room under the hot sun deck in summer, and you don't have to be awakened by the cold steel walls around you when you sleep in winter. Seemingly ordinary things like using water, bathing and washing clothes are problems in surface ships, and submarine soldiers don't have to worry about them. Under special circumstances, submarine soldiers are more comfortable and convenient than surface ships. \ x0d \ x0d \ Be careful when walking \ x0d \ x0d \ Pay attention to "walking" on the submarine, and people should "look", otherwise they will hit the wall and get black and blue. The low cabin roof, branches and hard machinery will leave some "souvenirs" on your head at any time. If you care about your head, you have to care about your feet. If you are not careful, you will fall into the hatch, such as the water injection valve, the cover plate of the bilge drain valve, and even fall into the bilge like a trap. \x0d\\x0d\ is about to experience "door closing" as soon as it is stable. There is a circular watertight door between the cabins, which is not much bigger than the washbasin. When passing through this door, you should first use the door handle to give a knock signal, so that people near the watertight door in the adjacent cabin can get out of the way to avoid being injured by the crank of the door, and then lift the crank to stagger the teeth of the watertight door. According to the regulations, the communication cocks between cabins are to be opened, in order to make the cabins produce different air pressures due to their respective seals, but the communication cocks are not much larger than the thermal insulation cork, so they are inconspicuous, but sometimes the inconspicuous things are too small to look down upon, and a little negligence will give you some color to see see. There was a time when the call cock didn't open, and people rashly opened the waterproof door without paying attention to the pressure difference between the two cabins (at this time, the waterproof door was like an inflated high-pressure pot cover), and it was no better to be taken out by the waterproof door than to be punched by Tai Sen, so experienced submarine soldiers should check whether the cock was opened when passing through the hatch. After the waterproof door is opened, bend down and lift your legs in one go when you "pass the door". If you don't coordinate, you will bump into the bag on your head or scratch your leg. \ x0d \ x0d \ can't take a bath when you get on the submarine. \ x0d \ x0d \ Once the submarine leaves the dock, the crew will be wronged. The first is the problem of water shortage. The fresh water on the ship is especially precious during the voyage, and the faucet is managed by a special person. In addition to drinking water, the water used for daily washing is measured by a tea jar, including washing face and brushing teeth. They often wipe their faces with a towel dipped in water after brushing their teeth. \ x0d \ x0d \ The hardest "job" on the submarine is the engineer, whose working environment is hot and noisy, and the noise of "knocking" the diesel engine or mechanical rotation will make the operators feel uncomfortable. Imagine: If you stay in a small closed room between two rows of drums for several hours, at least you will have temporary arrhythmia and even schizophrenia. Torpedomen are most comfortable on board. Their cabin is at the head end of the submarine, farthest from the engine room (the tail end of the submarine), so it is the coolest and quietest. They sat comfortably when they were on duty, just leaving their walkie-talkies in the cabin and talking. Only when diving can they have a job: shake the front cover of the torpedo tube to make it full of water, so that the submarine can dive, even when carrying a torpedo. \ x0d \ x0d \ dirty, turbid and harmful air is another worry. Body odor, seasickness, vomiting, food deterioration, garbage, waste oil, waste water ... these smells can make people smoke. The terrible thing is that because the submarine cabin is closed, these smells can't get out. If you walk into a submarine cabin that has just returned from a long voyage, that strong smell may "top" you on the spot! Furthermore, after the torpedo volley, there will be pungent toxic waste gas discharged by the torpedo engine in the torpedo cabin, which will be absorbed by the bubble-free device of the torpedo launching system. Of course, life on a submarine is not without its merits. For example, on a stormy day, the submarine navigates smoothly underwater, and you can definitely envy those sailors who have vomited and fainted. \x0d\\x0d\ Breathing is also a luxury \x0d\\x0d\ What do submarine sailors breathe under water? The submarine sailing underwater is surrounded by the surrounding seawater and isolated from the air, so the crew mainly breathes oxygen generated by the "oxygen regeneration device" at this time. Its core is the "oxygen regeneration medicine board", and its chemical composition is very simple: potassium peroxide or sodium peroxide can absorb the carbon dioxide exhaled by the crew and release oxygen. In fact, the structure of the "oxygen regeneration device" is very simple, and it looks a bit like an oven, layer by layer, of course, the size is much larger. The "oxygen regeneration medicine board" is gypsum board-shaped. When in use, the normally sealed medicine plate can be opened and inserted into the box of the "oxygen regenerator". . There is a carbon dioxide analyzer in every cabin of the submarine. When the carbon dioxide concentration reaches 0.8%, the "oxygen regeneration device" will start. On a nuclear submarine with abundant power, it is also possible to directly electrolyze seawater to produce oxygen by electrolysis. If the submarine is sailing in deep dive, it can also introduce outboard air through the underwater intake pipe, and provide outboard air to each cabin through the ventilation system on the submarine, that is, sail on the water for air exchange. There are also oxygen tanks, but people on board rarely mention them because they are the last resort. \ x0d \ x0d \ Smoking is very dangerous \ x0d \ x0d \ Because a large number of batteries on the submarine will release hydrogen, when the hydrogen reaches a certain concentration, it will explode and cause the hull to die, so smoking is not allowed on the submarine. At the same time, measuring and eliminating hydrogen is also a problem that submarine soldiers must pay attention to. When a submarine is docked or sailing on the water, it must pay attention to the ventilation in the cabin so as to discharge hydrogen from the boat outside. Because there is no ventilation when sailing underwater, when the hydrogen reaches a certain concentration, the hydrogen eliminator should be started to eliminate the hydrogen in the cabin. Speaking of smoking, only after sailing oysters on the water for a long time, if someone is addicted to smoking, he can smoke in the designated corner of the cabin, and the number of crew members who can take the opportunity to smoke at a time can be taken. Looking at the deafening engine, sweating in the high temperature, that kind of taste can only be felt by those who have experienced it personally. \x0d\ Convenience on a submarine is also a science. If someone asks someone, "Is it convenient?" That must be sarcasm, but this sentence is a serious problem on the submarine, because the toilet in the submarine is very troublesome to use: when going to the toilet, you must first check whether there is residual gas in the dirt bin. If there is residual gas, you need to open the exhaust valve to discharge it, otherwise once you step on the pedal after "convenience", the toilet just opened will become "champagne" and the sprayed things will not be so attractive. The correct step is to check whether there is gas residue in the dirt bin before going to the toilet. After going to the toilet, first open the sea valve to flush the dirt into the dirt pool and close the water inlet valve, then open the front cover leading to the outboard, and unscrew the air supply valve to blow the dirt clean. Last time, the toilet had to be opened and closed several times. If the operation sequence is reversed or the valve is open, the dirty things in the toilet will gush out, which is estimated to be the laughing stock of your life. There are other regulations on the use of the submarine's bathroom: for example, submarines are prohibited from being used during floating and diving; Contact with the enemy or cannot be used in the sea area where the enemy is active, so as to prevent the bubbles generated during sewage discharge from exposing the target. The toilet paper for submarine is specially made, which can be quickly decomposed and dissolved after getting out of the boat without exposing the target. When a submarine sails on water, it needs to use water to go to the toilet. Located at the bottom of the bridge, the water toilet is undoubtedly the favorite of submarine soldiers. Because there are not so many complicated "procedures" to go to the water toilet, there is no need to worry about taking a "jet" with trepidation. Here, you can breathe fresh air and enjoy the blue sky and sea on the bridge. The toilet is very convenient. After use, it is much easier to urinate as long as you rush into the sea with a hand pump. \ x0d \ x0d \ is always sneaking around in the dark \ x0d \ submarine can hardly see the underwater scenery when sailing underwater, because the thick seawater blocks the sunlight, and the seawater is chaotic around the depth of submarine activity, even if it is illuminated by strong light, it can't be seen very far. Moreover, in order to make the submarine strong and arrange mechanical equipment as much as possible, submarines generally have no portholes, so they rely on charts to avoid them. In addition to underwater navigation, submarines will also sail on water for ventilation and battery charging, especially diesel-electric submarines. It is much easier for submarines to sail on water. In addition to the above two navigation states, the submarine is more likely to sail in periscope state, because this is the depth used for attack. If a submarine sailing in a water depth of more than 40 meters looks up with a periscope, the seawater seems to be seen through ground glass; Looking up, there is a dark green jade in the sea, because the penetration of sunlight in the sea is limited. If we sail deeper, there will be darkness in front of us. \ x0d \ x0d \ When the submarine is sailing, the light in the command module is dark red, which is convenient for the operator to keep dark adaptation. Observing the sky during the day is a chore: turning the periscope in a wide range and in all directions will soon be full of Venus, and finding anti-submarine aircraft in the air is a "difficult" word. It is even more difficult to observe the sea with a periscope at night. At this time, periscope has the function of night vision goggles. It's uncomfortable to see with night vision goggles. It's fine when the weather is good, but it's even worse when it comes to rain, fog or bad weather. It won't be long before the eyes will be sour and the eyes will be as uncomfortable as trachoma. After observing for a period of time, you have to look away and have a rest. After several rounds of tossing, I usually feel dizzy. If we catch up with the fishing moratorium, it will be a "disaster", and the fishing boats coming and going can't be prevented, especially those small wooden boats, whose navigation lights (kerosene lamps and battery lights) are very dim. If we don't pay attention to the periscope, we may turn it upside down. In addition, because the submarine cabin is closed, the shift will be changed every 4-6 hours when sailing for a long time, which will soon disturb people's biological clock, so the clock in the submarine cabin will turn every 24 hours, so that 10 at night will not be mistaken for 10 in the morning.