The problem of military trucks in World War II

I'll copy it to you somewhere else! Since France used a large number of cars to transport troops and materials in the Battle of Verdun in World War I, the armies of major military powers in the world have entered the era of motorization. Tsarist Russia was a relatively backward European country. Russia does not have its own automobile industry. During World War I, there were only 6,000 Russian cars, all of which were foreign models. After the founding of the Soviet Union, in order to establish a strong industrial system, the Soviet Union began to introduce a large number of modern factories and technical equipment management experience from the United States in the late 1920s. With the help of American automobile industry, the Soviet Union quickly established a powerful automobile industry. By 1940, the output of Soviet automobile industry will reach 145400, including 13600 trucks and/or tractors (calculated by entity).

194 1 June, there were 5.373 million Soviet troops and 273,000 vehicles, including 257,800 trucks and 0/4,800 cars. There are also 42,000 tractors (crawler tractors). There are 820,000 civilian vehicles in the Soviet Union, including 700,000 trucks.

194 1 June, the Soviet troops deployed in the western border military region were 170, with 2.68 million troops, and there were * * * 149300 vehicles in the western border military region. In addition, 59,700 vehicles were deployed in the mainland military region, and 63,600 vehicles were deployed in the post-Baikal and Far East military regions.

The Germans invaded the Soviet Union with 153 divisions, 4.6 million men, 600,000 cars and 625,000 horses. As Germany is the attacking party, more vehicles are needed to ensure the transportation task. However, Germany has a wide range of vehicles, including a large number of vehicles seized from European countries. The standardization of vehicles is even more impossible, which also brings great trouble to Germany's technology and maintenance support, and the utilization rate is not necessarily high.

When the war broke out in June, 194 1, among the 257,800 trucks owned by the Soviet Union, the models were as follows:

Gass-3aa15.1110,000 vehicles.

Gith -5 100400 vehicles

Ya-6 65438+600,000 vehicles

Other models are 0.9 million.

Before the war, the Soviet Union mainly used the first two kinds of vehicles, which were used for the traction of heavy weapons below the division level and the transportation and transportation of materials above the corps level. Most of the others produced in the war are these two or variants. Although the number of Soviet-made cars is less than that of German-made cars, the types are simple, and the maintenance technical support and spare parts supply are simple and convenient.

194 1 8 days after June 22, the Soviet union mobilized 5.3 million people to join the army, mobilized 234,000 cars and 310.5 million tractors. Subsequently, several times from the national economy in the civil car recruitment of cars and drivers. After the war broke out, the number of cars in the Soviet national economy was reduced by half, and only 26% cars were in good condition.

August 194 1, 1, 120 The automobile forces and corps are composed of Soviet troops using the original military automobile forces and mobilized civilian vehicles. However, due to serious losses, the total number of Soviet cars did not increase, but decreased in the first two months of the war.

1941August 2 1 day, the total number of cars is 27 1400, which is a decrease of 1200 compared with 272,600 before the war. The motor transport force has only 25,000 vehicles. According to the establishment, there are still 20,300 vehicles missing. To this end, 194 1 In September, the National Defense Commission mobilized 30,000 vehicles and 30,000 drivers from more than 20,000 automobile transportation enterprises nationwide to enrich the army's automobile transportation force. Due to the serious shortage of transport vehicles, some group armies even adapted motorized divisions into infantry divisions in order to set up car transport camps with the saved vehicles.

In order to overcome the difficulties, the Soviet logistics minister suggested setting up a carriage trench team and carrying out animal-drawn transportation to make up for the shortage of automobile transportation. 19411On February 24th, the National Defense Commission decided to set up 76 animal-drawn transport battalions (each with 250 double carriages or sledges), of which19 was the reserve of the headquarters. The rest was distributed to the army. In order to change the trench season in 194 1 winter, the Soviet logistics took emergency measures and mobilized industrial enterprises to produce 280,000 sledges. At the end of 194 1 12, all the carriages were replaced by sledges. In the north, a Luli convoy was also set up. The transportation of materials below the Soviet infantry division and the traction of weapons below the regiment level basically depend on horses. According to 194 1 year, the infantry division has 3039 horses with a load of 352 tons.

With the development of the war, in June 1942 1 1, the Soviet army owned 295,000 trucks; 1July, 943, the Soviet army owned 296,000 trucks. 1942, the Soviet union produced 30900 trucks and 3500 tractors. 1943, the Soviet union produced 45500 trucks and 0. 1000 tractors.

After the war began, the Soviet army not only suffered serious material losses, but also lacked weapons and technical equipment, especially cars. By the end of August, 1942, the total number of Soviet motor transport troops was only 25,000, accounting for 44%.

After the Soviet attack on 1943, the troops moved quickly, and the mobilization and transportation of the battlefield mainly depended on cars. Therefore, it is urgent to improve the liquidity of logistics. The automobile departments and detachments of Soviet logistics have greatly increased, supplemented by a large number of domestic cars and cars provided by the United States, forming thousands of automobile regiments and battalions. Generally, each group army has 3-6 independent car battalions, and the group army has 1-2.

By the end of 1943, the number of vehicles of the army and group army had increased to 59,700, an increase of 70% over the beginning of the year. The number of cars in the whole army reached 496,000, 82% more than at the beginning of the war. The quality of cars has improved significantly, and there are more and more new cars. In the second stage, 28,300 new cars were added, 5.7 times that of the first stage.

The number of cars in the Soviet Union has not only greatly increased, but also the efficiency of automobile transportation has been significantly improved. In the battle of Moscow, the mileage of each Soviet car was only 700 kilometers per month, less than 25 kilometers day and night, and the transportation volume was only 5.2 tons. By 1943, the monthly mileage reached 2,500 kilometers, 2.6 times more than during the Moscow Battle, and the day and night traffic was 18 times more, reaching 100 tons. 1943, the Soviet headquarters * * * logistics and campaign logistics car units transported 25.23 million tons of various materials.

After the establishment of the General Administration of Automobile in the Soviet Union, there were 1, 6 1 repair agencies with a total repair capacity of 29,800 vehicles per month. By the end of 1943, the number of automobile maintenance organizations had increased to more than 300, with a total maintenance capacity of 45,800 vehicles per month, an increase of 54% over the beginning of the year. In the second stage of the war, the amount of automobile repairs in the whole army increased by 80% compared with the first stage of the war.

With the continuous increase of the number of Soviet tank mechanized troops, the number of auxiliary vehicles accompanying the tank mechanized troops has also increased greatly, and the Soviet army has increased the number of transport tankers.

At the end of World War II, the total number of independent automobile departments and units of the Soviet Supreme Command rose to 164700, and the number of vehicles reached 78700.

During the war, the Soviet rear trained more than 400,000 drivers for the Soviet army. (Soviet rear area during the Great Patriotic War)

Due to the sharp decline in automobile production during the war, the Soviet Union mainly relied on imported cars during the war (page 2 10 of the Soviet Capital Construction). In the Soviet War, the transportation capacity of vehicles transporting military materials reached 625 million tons, and 65.438+0.27 billion vehicles were used.

During World War II, the Soviet Auto Repair Department repaired and overhauled 2 million cars. Before the end of 1942, the Soviet auto repair system had not been established, and the original equipment vehicles and mobilization vehicles were damaged a lot, so the Soviet army was very short of vehicles. Later, American-aided cars arrived. These cars are not only new, but also have better performance than those produced by the Soviet Union, greatly improving the Soviet Union's mobility and logistics capabilities. According to western estimates, the cars aided by these allies can quickly transfer the reserves of about 60 divisions of the Soviet High Command from one theater to another, greatly saving the effective total force on the battlefield and playing a vital role in the victory of various campaigns.

1945 The annual output of Soviet automobiles was 74,700, including 68,600 trucks and 7,700 tractors, which was much less than that before the war. It was not until the late 1940s that the automobile output of the Soviet Union caught up with the pre-war 1940 (Volume 6 of Socialist Economic History of the Soviet Union).

The wartime automobile production in the Soviet Union. Gis -5 stopped production briefly in the autumn of 194 1, and the factory moved to Ulianovsk, which produced 6,500 vehicles in wartime. Moscow Automobile Factory resumed production in 1942, producing 83,000 vehicles in wartime. During the period of 1943- 1944, this kind of vehicle was still the main transport vehicle in the Soviet Union. During the period of 1933-1948, gith -5 produced 53231/vehicle. During the war, the quantity of Gass was unknown, but the factory that produced this car started to produce SU-76/76M 76mm self-propelled gun from 1 94365438+1October1,and its engine system adopted two Gass automobile engines in parallel. The output of these self-propelled guns exceeded 14292, due to the production of tracked vehicles.

The total number of cars in the Soviet Union during the war was calculated according to the total flow table: 194 1. In June, the Soviet Union owned 270,000 cars, including various special vehicles and tractors. At the same time, the Soviet Union has 820,000 civilian vehicles, including 700,000 transport vehicles. During the whole World War II, the Soviet Union produced about 200,000 cars and received about 470,000 cars from its allies.

At the beginning of the war, the Soviet army lost a lot of its own cars, and before 1943 12, it also lost a lot of civilian vehicles that entered the army after mobilization. To sum up, to 1945, the vehicles that can be used should still be mainly assisted by allies. The so-called American-aided vehicles account for 23% of the total number of Soviet cars, which is completely a concept of stealing. It should account for 23% of the total car flow in the Soviet Union during World War II, not 23% at a certain time in 1945, which is estimated to account for that time. After 1943, with the reduction of the Soviet Union's own automobile production and the exhaustion of civil automobile mobilization before the war, the Soviet Union began to rely mainly on the assistance of the United States.

The Soviet army owned 273,000 cars before the war and 665,000 cars at the end of the war, which increased by 1 many times during the war. The number of vehicles in logistics transportation departments (detachments) at all levels has increased by 1-2 times. This has played a key role in improving the logistics support ability of mobile operations. During the war, the allies provided about 470,000 vehicles to the Soviet Union according to the "Lease Act", while the Soviet Union only produced 200,000 vehicles during the war, of which only154,000 were equipped with the army. In other words, most of the Soviet Union's wartime new cars were provided by its allies. On the issue of providing material assistance to the Soviet Union under the Lease Act, it is not as trivial as the Soviet Union said. As far as cars are concerned, they are not insignificant.

Indeed, most of the troops below the Soviet Union are cars produced by the Soviet Union itself. Tractors or transport vehicles as heavy weapons (Katyusha, etc. ) and the independent automobile force of the high command, American cars with high power, strong load capacity and low failure rate are the main transport vehicles in the Soviet Union.

Attached, American aid to Soviet vehicles in World War II:

The third category-all kinds of military materials

There are 466,968 vehicles of various types, including light tanks 1239, medium tanks 4,957, about 2,000 self-propelled guns, semi-tracked vehicles 1004, armored reconnaissance vehicles 2,054, maintenance vehicles 1524, and tank transportation.

629 cars; Heavy vehicles include 47,728 jeeps, 24,500 three-quarter ton trucks,148,600 one-and-a-half ton trucks,182,938 two-and-a-half ton trucks, a few two-and-a-half ton amphibious trucks, five-ton trucks and special trucks, and 32,200 motorcycles. There are 7570 track-laying vehicles (and 32 16 spare engines). All vehicles are fully equipped with spare parts according to the regulations of the US Army, and combat vehicles are also delivered together with weapons and ammunition.

I spent more than two weeks consulting nearly 100 related books (nearly 70,000 pages of various materials). Supplementary date: June 2005-65,438+04 22: 465,438+0: 33 USA.

At the end of World War II, American vehicles ranged from 0.25 t to 12 t, 1 1 ton, and there were 27 basic types. Such a complicated vehicle model brought great difficulties to the logistics support of the US military, which led to a large number of vehicles stopping in wartime and made the mechanized troops slow down. After the invasion of Korea, the US military carried out a large-scale reform of its military vehicle system, formulated the M-series military vehicle plan and developed a new generation of military vehicles.

For the purpose of global military strategy, the United States attaches great importance to the mobility and regional adaptability of automobiles. Many enterprises have trial-produced many military vehicles, among which many models with good performance are definitely adopted by the army, but some products have been advertised for a period of time, and finally they are short-lived and cause a lot of waste.

From 1950s to 1960s, the military vehicles equipped by the US military were classified into 8 tons, such as 0.25, 0.5, 0.68 (3/4), 1.25, 2.5, 5, 8, 10 t, * *1/kloc-0. During this period, the military off-road vehicles in the United States generally used mechanical gearboxes, most of which were gasoline engines, and some of them used multi-fuel engines and diesel engines, emphasizing off-road ability, climbing ability and wading ability. Some vehicles are equipped with floating ferry equipment, and several amphibious vehicles and articulated vehicles have been developed. The main models are introduced as follows.

A) 0.25 t 4×4 M38 series.

M38 car was produced by Willis Automobile Factory in the early 1950s, including M38A 1 and other variant cars. In the early 1960s, M38 series cars were replaced by M 15 1 series cars. M38 adopts 44.74 kW four-cylinder water-cooled V-type gasoline engine, 4-forward 1 reverse mechanical gearbox, 2-speed transfer case, mechanical steering device, hydraulic braking system and semi-elliptical leaf spring dependent suspension. The maximum speed is 88.5 km/h and the maximum climbing degree is 65%. The vehicle has a high wading ability, with the wading depth of 0.938 m when it is unprepared and 1.879 m when it is prepared.

B) 0.25 t 4×4 M 15 1 series.

The prototype of M 15 1 was developed in 1950s. The first batch of products were provided by Ford Motor Company for the army in 1960, and then produced by AMG Company. There are also variant cars such as M 15 1A 1A2. The M 15 1 car adopts 52.94 kW four-cylinder water-cooled V-type gasoline engine, 4-forward 1 reverse mechanical gearbox, single-speed non-emergency transfer box, mechanical steering device, hydraulic braking system and independent suspension coil spring. Maximum speed 106 km/h, maximum climbing degree 75%. The wading depth of 0.533 m is not prepared, 1.524 m is prepared.

C) 0.5 t class 4×4 M274 series.

1956 M274 was first adopted by the US Air Force and Navy, and widely used in airborne troops and marine corps. 106mm recoilless gun can be installed on the vehicle. The variant cars are M274A 1, M274A2, M274A3, M274A4 and M274A5. M274, also known as mechanical screw, consists of platforms mounted on two axles, without suspension devices, and uses low-pressure tires to reduce vibration. Four-cylinder air-cooled horizontally opposed gasoline engine, 12.68 kW, three-forward mechanical gearbox, 1 reverse gear, two-speed transfer case and mechanical braking system are adopted. The maximum speed is 40 km/h, the maximum climbing degree is 60%, the maximum side slope is 40%, and the wading depth is 0.2 m.

D) 0.68 (3/4) T class 4×4 M37 series.

M37 was made by Chrysler Automobile Company in the early 1950s. There are variant cars such as M42, M43, M20 1. This series was discontinued in the late 1960s and replaced by M7 15 series. M37 adopts a 58 kW six-cylinder water-cooled gasoline engine, a 4-forward 1 reverse mechanical gearbox, a 2-speed transfer case, a mechanical steering device, a hydraulic braking system and a semi-elliptical leaf spring dependent suspension. The maximum speed is 88.5 km/h and the maximum climbing degree is 68%. The wading depth 1.066 m is not prepared, and 2. 133 m is prepared.

E) M56 1.25t 6×6 type.

At the end of 1950s, some companies began to develop 6×6 high motor vehicles, and the prototype of LTV Aerospace Company was approved by the military. 1964 provided the military with 12 XM56 1 prototype. Through bidding, CDE (United Diesel Power) Company won the bid for M56 1 car production contract, which was put into production in 1968 and stopped production in 1973 to produce 14 275 cars. The M56 1 car is composed of a traction head and a rear car body. It adopts a three-cylinder water-cooled two-stroke diesel engine 76.8 1 kW, a four-speed forward 1 reverse mechanical gearbox, a two-speed transfer case, a mechanical steering device (one or three-axle wheel steering) and a hydraulic braking system. The first and third shafts are independently suspended by coil springs, and the second shaft adopts a single leaf spring. The maximum speed is 88 km/h, the maximum climbing degree is 60%, and the obstacle-crossing height is 0.457 m, which is amphibious and belongs to a highly mobile tactical articulated vehicle.

F) M7 1.25t 4×4 series.

M7 15 was developed by Caesar Jeep Company from its civil 4×4 Gladiated off-road vehicle in the early 1960s. During the period from 1966 to 1969, * * produced 30 5 10. The variant cars are M725, M726 and M 142. M7 15 adopts six-cylinder water-cooled gasoline engine, 98.8 1 kW, four-forward mechanical gearbox, 1 reverse gear, two-speed transfer box, mechanical steering device (circulating ball steering gear), hydraulic braking system and semi-elliptical leaf spring non-independent suspension. The maximum speed is 96.6 km/h and the maximum climbing degree is 58%. The wading depth is 0.9 14 m without preparation and 1.524 m with preparation.

G) 2.5 t 6×6 M35 series.

This series of vehicles is the most equipped vehicle in the US military, and it is called the heavy horse of the Army. It was made by Reo in the late 1940s. At that time, there were two types of vehicles: M34 with single rear axle and M35 with double rear axle, and then a variety of variant vehicles were produced. This series of cars adopts a six-cylinder in-line multi-fuel engine of 104.39 kW, a mechanical gearbox with five forward gears and 1 reverse gears, a two-speed transfer case, a mechanical steering device, a pneumatic-hydraulic braking system, and semi-elliptical leaf spring non-independent suspension. The maximum speed is 90 km/h and the maximum climbing degree is 60%. The wading depth is 0.76 m, and 1.98 m is prepared.

H) M656 series 5 t class 8×8 type.

The special military vehicle department of Ford Motor Company completed the development of XM656 prototype in 1966, and produced 500 M656 vehicles from 1968 to 1969, mainly used as auxiliary vehicles for Pershing 1A missile system, including M757 and M79 1. The M656 car adopts a six-cylinder liquid-cooled multi-fuel engine, 149. 14 kW, an automatic gearbox with six forward gears and 1 reverse gears, a single-speed transfer case, a hydraulic power steering device, a pneumatic braking system and a leaf spring-balanced dependent suspension. The maximum speed is 80.46 km/h and the maximum climbing degree is 60%. Amphibious.

I) M54 series 5t class 6×6 type.

M54 was developed by 1950 and produced by Caesar Jeep and Mike. At first, a six-cylinder gasoline engine was used, 1962 was changed to a six-cylinder diesel engine, and 1963 was changed to a six-cylinder multi-fuel engine. There are many varieties. M54 adopts a mechanical gearbox with five forward gears and 1 reverse gears, a two-speed transfer case, a mechanical steering device and a pneumatic-hydraulic braking system. The maximum speed is 84 km/h and the maximum climbing degree is 70%. The wading depth is 0.762 m, and 1.95438+0 m is prepared.

J) M8t 4×4 M520 series.

M520 vehicle was successfully developed by Caterpillar Tractor Company in 196 1. It is an amphibious vehicle, which consists of two parts: the front part and the rear part. There are also variant cars such as M553 and M559, and 1976 was discontinued. M520 adopts a six-cylinder turbocharged diesel engine, 158.83 kW, without suspension device. The maximum speed of highway is 48.28 km/h, the maximum speed on water is 5.3 km/h, the maximum climbing degree is 60%, and the maximum side slope is 30%.

K) 10 t 6×6 M 125 truck.

M 125 truck was developed by Mike Company in the early 1950s, and then produced by many companies. It was mainly used for carrying personnel, goods, weapons and ammunition and other field and logistics support tasks. The car uses a 2 1.47 kW eight-cylinder gasoline engine, five forward gears and 1 reverse gear mechanical gearboxes, a 2-speed transfer case, a hydraulic power steering device, a pneumatic braking system and a leaf spring with dependent suspension. The maximum speed is 69 km/h and the maximum climbing degree is 60%. The wading depth is 0.76 m without preparation and 0.76 m with preparation.

1.98 1 meter.

L) 10 t 6×6 M 123 series.

M 123 is a tractor, which was developed by Mike Company in the early 1950s and finally produced by CDE Company. There are variant cars such as M 123C, m 123 c, M 123A 1. The M 123 tractor adopts a 2 13.27 kW eight-cylinder gasoline engine, five forward gears and 1 reverse gears, a two-speed transfer case, a hydraulic power steering device, a pneumatic braking system and a leaf spring dependent suspension. The maximum speed is 67 km/h and the maximum climbing degree is 60%. The wading depth is 0.762 m, and 1.95438+0 m is prepared.

3.3.2 Former West Germany

The former West Germany joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization in 1955, and began to form an army in 1956. Influenced by the U.S. military's idea of high mobility of military vehicles, according to the basic requirements of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization for the supply of military vehicles, the design and production of 1 generation military vehicles are made by modifying, strengthening and changing the appearance of basic civilian vehicles and variant vehicles, and about 80% of the vehicles are all-wheel drive off-road vehicles. In order to make the vehicle have high passability, some special parts, such as parts, are added.

Vehicles are equipped with multi-fuel engines and floating ferry equipment, but it brings some difficulties to the maintenance, storage and purchase of spare parts, and the cost is increasing.

1 generation military automobile * * * has seven grades, such as 0.25, 0.75, 1.5, 3, 5, 7, 10. With the development of weapons and equipment and the need of combat readiness, some 12 t and 15 t tractors were added in the 1960s. There are the following representative models:

A) 0.25 t class 4×4 Auto Union Lkw light off-road vehicle.

This vehicle is a dual-purpose vehicle. 1958 to 1968 are produced by chelian company, and * * * produces 55,000 vehicles, and there are many variants. LkW car adopts 32.8 1 kW three-cylinder water-cooled gasoline engine, 4-forward 1 reverse mechanical gearbox, 2-speed transfer case, mechanical steering device, hydraulic braking system and transverse leaf spring suspension. The maximum speed is 93 km/h, the maximum climbing degree is 60%, and the wading depth is 0.5 m.

B) 3 t class 4×4 Ford G398SAM light off-road vehicle.

The car was developed by Ford in Germany on the basis of a commercial vehicle, and it was produced in 1957 ~ 196 1 year. G398SAM car adopts 68.60 kW water-cooled gasoline engine, 4-forward 1 reverse mechanical gearbox, 2-speed transfer box, mechanical steering device, hydraulic braking system and semi-elliptical leaf spring suspension. The maximum speed is 80 km/h, the maximum climbing degree is 60%, and the wading depth is1.1m.

C) 5 t class 4×4 MAN 630 series.

This series of cars has 630LZA with double rear tires and 630LZAE with single rear tires, which is the standard 5 t off-road vehicle of the former West German army. It adopts 96.94 kW six-cylinder water-cooled multi-fuel engine, 6-forward 1 reverse mechanical gearbox, 2-speed transfer case, mechanical steering device, pneumatic braking system and semi-elliptical leaf spring suspension. The maximum speed is 66 km/h, the maximum climbing degree is 60%, and the wading depth is 0.85 m.

D) 5t4x4 Mercedes-Benz LG 3 15/46 freight car.

The car was developed by Mercedes-Benz on the basis of LG6600 at the request of the military, and was produced between 1958 ~ 1964. A six-cylinder water-cooled multi-fuel engine with 108. 13 kW, a mechanical gearbox with six forward gears and 1 reverse gears, a two-speed transfer case, a mechanical steering device, a hydraulic braking system and a semi-elliptical leaf spring suspension are adopted. The maximum speed is 70 km/h, the maximum climbing degree is 60%, and the wading depth is 0.85 m.

E) 7 t class 6× 6 magirus deuz178d15a truck.

This car is a standard 7 t off-road vehicle of the former West German Army. Eight-cylinder air-cooled multi-fuel engine, 132.73 kW, mechanical gearbox with six forward gears and 1 reverse gears, two-speed transfer case, mechanical steering device, pneumatic-hydraulic braking system and semi-elliptical leaf spring suspension are adopted. The maximum speed is 73.6 km/h, the maximum climbing degree is 60%, and the wading depth is 0.85 m.

F)10t6x6 fan L9 12/45a truck.

The car was designed at the request of the former West German military. 1958 was equipped with troops. The modified vehicles include L9 12/SA tractor, L908/ATW tanker and L9 12/5050a dump truck. L9 12/45a adopts 197.6 1 kW air-cooled 12 cylinder multi-fuel engine, 6-forward 1 reverse mechanical gearbox, two-speed transfer case, mechanical steering device, pneumatic braking system and semi-elliptical leaf spring suspension. The maximum speed is 76 km/h, the maximum climbing degree is 40%, and the wading depth is 0.9 m.

With the continuous compression of military expenditure and the rapid development of weapons and equipment, 1 generation military wheeled vehicles can not meet the requirements of the army in terms of vehicle type, quality and load capacity, and the vehicle type configuration is unreasonable. The rear transportation is equipped with a large number of all-wheel drive off-road vehicles, but the off-road nature of the vehicles in the front battlefield can not meet the needs of modern warfare, and the protective performance and reliability of some vehicles do not meet the actual requirements. Therefore, the army urgently needs to update 1 generation military vehicles and develop and equip the second generation military wheeled vehicles.