Photographic composition and lighting

Photographic composition skills 1) charming scenery

The first step in composition is to find an attractive landscape. Photography is not simply picking up the camera and pressing the shutter. Before you press the shutter, you should ask yourself, what attracted you to this scene? Is it a color? Cloud? Reflection? Or sunset? . . . After determining the theme, the next step is how to express it. Usually, the subject should be large enough to attract attention. If the subject is too small, it can't be a subject. At this time, it is necessary to use a longer focal length or post-cutting to deal with it. 2) Avoid centering

The most common mistake that beginners make is to put the most attractive scenery in the middle. Indeed, the scenery in the middle is the easiest to attract people's attention, but a good photo should attract readers' attention and guide them to other places. If an attractive object is placed in the middle, it is easy to focus only on that object and make the picture dull. At the same time, try not to put the horizontal line in the middle of the picture, because it will easily lead to unclear priorities and not knowing whether to express the sky or the ground. But sometimes when the sky and the ground are equally important, I also put the horizontal line in the middle. 3) Three-point constitution rule

Since we want to avoid being in the middle, we should know the so-called "trichotomy", that is, the so-called "golden section" and "nine squares". . . Trigonometry is the basic principle of composition, which means: draw two horizontal lines at 1/3 and 2/3 horizontally, and draw two vertical lines at 1/3 and 2/3 vertically, and then try to put the scene at the intersection point. As shown in the figure:

4) Three-dimensional prospect Because we have two eyes, the world we see is three-dimensional, but the photo is two-dimensional. It is not easy to represent three dimensions with two-dimensional photos. Our brains tell us that large objects are relatively close and small objects are relatively far away, so people can feel the distance by comparing the sizes of objects in photos. In the world of photography, the effect of telephoto shooting is to' compress' the scenery together, while the effect of wide angle is to narrow the distant scenery and make people feel distant. Therefore, in this occasion, we generally use a wide-angle lens. 5) Simple

Some people say that photography is' subtraction', that is to say, it is best to remove all the objects irrelevant to the theme from the picture, and the simpler the better. I agree with this view, especially for beginners, the composition should start with simplicity. 6) Lead-in line

As the name implies, "lead-in line" is the path to guide readers' eyes into the picture. The lead-in line is a path, a small bridge and a small river. . . Or anything that comes into the picture. Usually, the lead-in line should guide the reader to the most attractive place in the picture, and should try to avoid guiding the reader out of the picture. The lead-in line is a part of the picture, so the lead-in line itself should be attractive and coordinated with other parts of the picture. 7) the sky

The sky is a very important part in landscape photography. Many times the sky is the main part of composition, and the beauty of many natural imaginations in nature is enough to shock people. Therefore, a good photographer should always pay attention to the changes of the weather, so as to sum up some natural laws, such as the sunset glow after the rain is the most beautiful, if the sun shines after the rain, you will see a rainbow and so on. . . 8) texture

Everything in the world has a texture, and a beautiful texture is easy to attract people. Every time I talk about beautiful textures, it always reminds me of desert textures. 9) negative space.

What is negative space? Simply put, negative space is the space between objects, and negative space is usually a way to express isolation in photography. 10) reference

Sometimes it is difficult for us to judge the actual size of an object only by the scenery in the photo, but we can' feel' the size of the scene through familiar references. This kind of reference is usually used to express the majesty and magnificence of nature. Summary: No matter what the rules are, the purpose of all the rules is to make the picture appear "balanced". As for what is "balance", it can be understood that all objects in the picture have "weight". Through reasonable arrangement and distribution, a more balanced picture can be obtained. No matter what rules are used, the overall picture of a good photo always looks balanced and harmonious. There is a good saying: rules are meant to be broken, and all rules are not dead. For example, it is inevitable to draw a horizontal line in the middle when taking a reflection of a lake.