Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Photography major - August Lumiere's family background.
August Lumiere's family background.
33 1 vermicelli Beijing
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A century of "in-depth exhibition" to interpret life-the story of Lumiere brothers
Beijing Automobile Museum
2022-07-29 2 1:47 Official account of beijing beijing Automobile Museum.
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We are in an information age. Internet has turned the world into a global village, and video conferencing has eliminated the physical space distance. However, ubiquitous e-mails and information reminders have fulfilled McLuhan's prediction nearly 60 years ago: as food gatherers, human beings will once again appear incongruously as information gatherers. Beijing Automobile Museum, Tsinghua University Science Museum and Xiyuan Collection jointly held the "Flying-Handwriting Exhibition of Information Technology Pioneers", which guided the audience to grasp the historical position of scientific research from a humanized perspective and gain an insight into the spiritual world of scientists from the background historical materials through the figurative presentation and contextual communication of the handwriting of the collected characters, so as to deeply appreciate the immortal charm of scientific humanities. ...
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Lumiere brothers ltd
Lumiere brothers, the elder brother is Auguste Lumière (1862 10/0/0/9-1954 April10), and the younger brother is Louis Lumière (Louis Lumiere,10).
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Introduction of exhibits
Louis Lumière 1934 Signature Letter
Seeing words and things is like seeing people. Behind the handwriting, it reflects the inheritance of culture and history. Precious handwriting outlines the track of information technology innovation in the form of "material evidence history", which reflects the rapid development of human society.
This personal letter from Louis Lumière 1934 to Mr. De Pocott (then honorary chairman of the Besancon Chamber of Commerce) expressed sincere gratitude to the above-mentioned people for their nostalgia, and explained in the reply that they could not answer their questions in detail. Lumiere's hometown is Besancon, an industrial city in eastern France, and also the hometown of Hugo, philosopher Fourier, scientist Pasteur and other celebrities. The exhibits are displayed on the second floor of Beijing Automobile Museum, "Running at full speed-handwriting exhibition of pioneers of information technology".
03
Invention story
The story of the Lumiere brothers inventing the film projector began with an argument. 1872 One day, in a hotel in California, USA, two people had a heated argument about whether all the hooves touched the ground when a horse was running. Unfortunately, the horse ran so fast that it was impossible to see whether the horseshoe touched the ground at the racecourse. When British photographer McBride learned about this, he said there was a solution. He placed 24 cameras with their lenses aimed at the runway side by side, tied a string to each of the 24 wooden stakes on the other side of the runway, and the string was connected to the shutter of each camera opposite. When the horse passed the runway with the camera, it tripped over the leash in turn, and 24 cameras took 24 photos in turn. It can be clearly seen from this continuous photo tape that a horse always has a hoof on the ground when running, so the person who holds this view wins the bet.
McBride 188 1 "Pegasus"
Later, mcbride designed a "monitor" that combined two disks. When this photo is shown on the slide, you can see the continuous action of the horse running. This "monitor" takes advantage of the visual persistence effect of human eyes, that is, human visual reactions can stay in the brain for a short time. Therefore, if a still photo rotates rapidly, two adjacent photos can be connected in a short time, and the picture will "live".
1887, the inventor Edison was inspired by the "monitor" and made the first "projector". It is shaped like a rectangular cabinet with a protruding mirror, which contains batteries and equipment to drive the film. But this kind of "movie" can't be projected on the screen, because it lets the film pass through the film door continuously, instead of "moving-stopping, moving-stopping" (that is, covering the film door when the film is moving and opening the film door when the film is not moving). Edison also wanted to solve the problem of film transmission mode of this "projector", but he was helpless at the moment.
French scientists Auguste Lumière and Louis Lumière are also very interested in the development of movies, hoping to overcome the difficulties in development and produce real movies. /kloc-one night at the end of 0/894, when Louis was designing the simulation diagram of film transmission, it suddenly occurred to him: when sewing clothes with a sewing machine, isn't the material just doing a "move and stop" movement? When the sewing machine needle is inserted into the cloth, the cloth does not move; When the sewing machine sews a needle and stands it up, the material moves forward. Isn't this very much like the way movies are spread? So, he told his brother Auguste excitedly that he could pull the adhesive tape with the movement produced by machinery such as sewing machine presser foot. When the traction mechanism rises, the sharp claw will withdraw from the hole at the lower end, making the film static. After the experiment, Lewis's idea is really feasible.
The Lumiere brothers invented the film projector.
Later, August said in an article: "My brother invented the film machine in one night." The two brothers used the research results of many scientists to make many improvements to the original work.
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The father of modern movies
The film projector invented by Lumiere brothers magnifies the moving images through projection, so that more people can enjoy the images at the same time. They also used the "large depth of field" lens for the first time and filmed many different forms of documentaries, which made a pioneering contribution to the development of the film.
1895 65438+On February 28th, at the invitation of Lumiere brothers, some celebrities from Paris came to the basement of the big coffee shop, Capesin Street 14, to watch movies. This is the first time to sell tickets to the public and release the first batch of short films they shot by documentary, including 12 films, such as Factory Gate, Tearing Down the Wall, Belcour Square in Lyon, Train Entering the Station, Baby's Lunch and Watering Gardener, each of which has only one minute of silent short films. In the darkness, the audience saw a vivid picture on the white cloth. A reporter reported: "A carriage was pulled by a galloping horse, and a female guest next to me stood up in fright." Although this is not the first time that a movie has been shown in public in history, it is generally considered as the first time that a movie has been shown in the world because it is closer to the later movie-watching form (ticket screening). Later, people designated this day-1895 65438+February 28th as the film birth date, and Lumiere brothers were also called "the fathers of modern movies".
Since then, the Lumiere brothers have shown more than 50 films in this basement, such as Fire, Blacksmith, Poker, Beach and Seawater Bath, Chess, Goldfish Catch and Ship Leaving Hong Kong, some of which are starring Auguste Lumière himself.
05
Style of works
The Lumiere brothers mainly capture the real life phenomenon, and the trivial things around people are shown on the screen. The content of the work also works harder to express and copy what actually exists in real life, rather than arranging and performing what doesn't actually exist for the camera.
For example, The Gate of the Factory, known as the first film in the history of world cinema, takes the Lumiere brothers' factory as the background to shoot the scene of workers leaving work. When the gate of the factory was opened, women workers in dresses and hats and men riding bicycles came out of the factory talking and laughing. Even today, such a natural and simple scene of a worker's daily life will still be infected by its simple artistic charm.
The movie "The Gate of the Factory"
Watered Gardener, which also focuses on the scenes of work and life, is a budding comedy. In the short film, the gardener is watering the garden with a hose. The naughty boy hid behind the gardener and stepped on the hose. When the gardener looked down at the water pipe in confusion, the boy retracted his feet and the gardener was sprayed with water. The boy smirked proudly, and the gardener chased the boy angrily. Just one minute of life, but staged a comedy story. This short film is also Louis Lumière's exploration of feature films, which has become the embryonic form and originator of feature films in the future and laid the foundation for film art. ..
Poster of the movie Watered Gardener
In addition, social, political, religious, cultural and factual news are also recorded by the Lumiere brothers, such as the Jerusalem Church, the coronation of Tsar Nicholas II, and the landing of delegates, among which the landing of delegates is called newsreels. 1In June, 895, the French Photography Association held a photography conference in Vail-sur-Savon, and Lumiere photographed the moment when the delegates left the ship and landed. This is also the first news documentary in history. Today, these works are also the most intuitive, authentic and reliable historical materials for us to understand and understand the social situation at the end of 19.
Poster of the movie "Representative Landing"
In these works, the Lumiere brothers truly recorded the scenes in real life, and let people see the real life and the familiar people around them. As georges sadoul said, "People learned from Louis Lumière's movies that movies can be' a machine to reproduce life'".
In fact, there are still many inventions made by human beings in the technological era. Bell invented the telephone, making instant communication thousands of miles away possible; Marconi used the ubiquitous electromagnetic waves in the air to get rid of the wire fence and opened the curtain of wireless communication. Edison's phonograph kept the sound, while Lumiere's movies made history vivid ... It is with the constant emergence of new inventions and technologies that human science and technology can develop rapidly and advance continuously. They have changed our world, changed human life and made a qualitative breakthrough in human civilization.
Author/Zheng Jiao
Some pictures come from the internet.
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Lumiere brothers ltd
Lumiere brothers, the elder brother is Auguste Lumière (1862 10/0/0/9-1954 April10) and the younger brother is Louis Lumière (1864). ...
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