What is the most representative faction in seal cutting?

Wen Peng, He Zhen

Wen Peng, courtesy name Shoucheng. The eldest son of the calligrapher and painter Wen Zhengming, he was good at calligraphy and painting, especially official script, and his seal cutting was beautiful and elegant. He Zhen, also known as Zhuchen, was a student of Wen Peng. He was proficient in philology. His sealing changed from Wen Peng's style and presented a simple and vigorous style. Since the Song and Yuan Dynasties, most of the sealing materials were dental seals, which were sealed by literati and carved by craftsmen. Legend has it that Zhiwen and He began to use "light-frozen stone" (a type of Qingtian stone) to seal seals, which became popular in the seal world. The reform of printing materials is of great significance to the development of seal cutting art. Wen Peng and He Zhen worked hard to promote the art of seal cutting and were revered as the ancestors of seal cutting, and their works were regarded as models in the Ming Dynasty. He Zhen's style was famous for a while, and later generations regarded him as the founder of the Anhui School (also known as the "Huangshan School" and "Hui School"), and together with Wen Peng, he was known as "Wen He". 4V,N p(J:Z5Wj&C+X8t

Wanpai

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The successor of Ming Dynasty After He Zhen, Su Xuan, Cheng Pu, Zhu Jian, etc. first specialized in Qin and Han Dynasties, and their style was ancient, simple and majestic. By the end of the Ming Dynasty, Wang Guan and his son changed He Zhen's method and specialized in Han seal making, which was characterized by its neatness and smoothness. By the early Qing Dynasty, Cheng Sui, Ba Weizu, Hu Tang and Wang Zhaolong from She County, Anhui Province worked hard to change the habits of the time and achieved high achievements in the layout of seal script. They were known as the "Four Masters of Shezhong" during this development period. Because almost all of them were from Anhui, they were generally called the "Wanpai" (or Huipai) in history. Deng Shiru, who founded the sect, was also called the "Wanpai" because he was from Huaining, Anhui. The method of dividing artistic styles by focusing on place of origin often lacks rigorous scientificity, so they often belong to the Wan School but have completely different styles. This is something we should pay attention to. The "Wan School" had a wide influence in the Qing Dynasty. Dong Xun of Shanyin, Zhejiang Province. , Wang Sheng, Shen Feng of Jiangyin, and even Ding Jing, the founder of Zhejiang School, were greatly affected.

Wang Guan

< p>Yinzi, formerly known as Dongyang, was born in Huangshan, Anhui, and lived in Loudong (Taicang, Jiangsu). Although his seal cutting style is different from that of Wenhe, the white text is deliberately imitated in Han Dynasty and can reproduce Han Dynasty in workmanship. The seal has a natural appeal, and he successfully used the techniques of combining strokes and breaking edges to develop seal cutting techniques. He is good at stamping with a knife, and his knife skills are stable and the layout is rigorous. Therefore, his works have become a model for seal artists to learn from Han seals. Many seal masters in later generations understood the charm of Han seals through Wang Guan's works. For example, Lin Gao, a Putian native who lived in Changshu, was deeply influenced by him.

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The Zhejiang School is a famous seal cutting school that was popular at the same time as the Anhui School. Founded by Ding Jing, Huang Yi, Jiang Ren, Xi Gang, Chen Yuzhong, Chen Hongshou, Zhao Zhichen and Qian Song followed. Since they were all from Hangzhou, Zhejiang, later generations regarded them as seal masters who imitated their artistic styles. Collectively called "Zhejiang School". Ding Jing and other eight people each have their own achievements, and they are collectively known as the "Xiling Eight Families". The Zhejiang School, like the Anhui School, both admire the seals of the Qin and Han Dynasties. In their knife skills, they successfully used stiff and strong cutting knives to express the style of the Qin and Han Dynasties. Its simple and vigorous style is different from the soft and smooth styles of the Anhui School, so it has the name "She" (Anhui school) is feminine while Zhejiang (pai) is masculine” comment. The art of the Zhejiang School dominated the seal world of the Qing Dynasty for more than a century, and its influence was extremely far-reaching.

. For example, the more well-known ones include "Putian School" and "Yunjian School". The "Putian School" was headed by Song Jue (Bi Yu), a native of Putian, Fujian Province in the Ming Dynasty, so it was also called the "Fujian School". The works of Lin Gao, a later famous artist of this school, were quaint and elegant, resembling Wang Guan, and had a certain influence. The leaders of the "Yunjian Sect" are Wang Zenglu and his son. Most of the works of these genres lack new ideas and are at best the lingering charm of the famous predecessors. In the end, they gradually withdrew and disappeared from the seal world.