Appreciation of Sima Chi's Xing Se

Sima Chi has a poem entitled "Xing Se" as follows:

It is colder than bad water, lighter than autumn, and far from home.

Lai is a painter who doesn't paint, and painting should be a lifelong worry.

The word "sex" comes from Zhuangzi Stole Foot. The article "Stealing Foot" records that Confucius went to see Stealing Foot and returned to "Ludongmen, which is suitable for summer in Liu. Liu said,' I haven't seen you for a few days now. The horses and chariots look so good. I have to meet you briefly?' This is a common word in poetry. For example, Pei Fu listed the poems of Horse Brought New Colors, Du Fu's Autumn Will Be Late, Yuan Zhen's Fall in Love with the Early Moon, Liu Yuxi's Flag Moving and Zheng Gu's Light Returning to Dawn. In addition, many examples can be cited, such as: Mourong's "Hangzhou for Fujian", Feng Yansi's "Gui Zi Ballad", "The frost and moon on the reed flowers thousands of miles away hurt the scenery, and coming to Korea is a mountain barrier", and so on. Several popular dictionaries explain the word "line color" as follows: "the way of line" in Ci Yuan and "the state of service" in Chinese Dictionary are too simple; There seems to be some negligence in the "levy before departure" in Ci Hai, because Confucius met Liu on his way home, and Liu said that "chariots and horses have their colors" is not "levy before departure". What is explained in detail is the definition of "Chinese Dictionary": "① the situation and style after the line goes forward; ② Traveling in Jude; 3 the color of the five elements. " This explanation covers a wide range, which can be used to explain the "line color" in the sentence "chariots and horses have line colors", and can also be used to explain the "line color" in many poems cited above, but it can not cover the "line color" written by Sima Chi.

Sima Chi's poem "Xing Se" is a description of the subjective feelings of traveling without any state. Under the ancient traffic conditions, it took several months to travel long distances, at least ten days. During the trip, I spent the night, took a boat and suffered from wind, frost, rain and snow; Along the way, a thousand worries followed. Therefore, write poems about travel: or write about the hardships of travel, such as "Going up and down the mountain, Wan Li is worried about thousands of miles" (Travel), "Although the mountain wins the road, the saddle is difficult to solve" (Snow Resistance by Wu); Or write about the sadness of travelers, such as "Sleeping in the wind and fishing on a frosty night" (Zhang Ji's "Sleeping at the Maple Bridge"), "Lonely account wine wakes up the third rain, and it's the sound again" (Fang Hui's "Jiang Xing Heavy Rain Begins"); Or write about the loneliness in the hotel, such as "It's raining, people are asleep, lying listening to tired horses eating grass" (Sleeping in Jeju Ximen Hotel by Chao Duanyou), "It's raining in autumn, and the nightclub lights are dizzy and lonely" (Lu You's Zhuang Yi); Or write about the homesickness in the journey, such as "The hometown is a long way to the east, and the tears of the double-sleeved dragon bell are not dry" (Cen Can's "On the messenger of welcoming the capital"), "The autumn wind at the mouth of the river listens to the bells, and the homesickness of distant guests is slim" (Li Dongyang's "Crossing the River in Nine Days"); Or write about the hatred of wandering caused by travel, such as "flying around, flying around, what am I like, just a sandpiper in the vast world!" (Du Fu's One Night in a Foreign Country, "I am more adrift than Huayang, and Huayang is just busy in spring" (Shi Jue feels); Or write about the life experience triggered by the journey, such as "Life experiences endless tears, and the sand stands frozen and lingers" (Yang Lan Shoufeng by Chen Ling), "I have been halfway around the world, but I didn't expect to be trapped and run over the nest" (Pizhou Road by Cheng Enze) ... The travel situation and travel ideas in these poems are all. The Color of Travel written by Sima Chi is a comprehensive feeling of travel, and it is also a feeling that is difficult to absorb and express. This poem "Sex" was praised by some poetry critics precisely because it is an extremely difficult topic to write.

The first sentence of the poem is "colder than bad water and lighter than autumn", which is a stroke of genius. Color is not only a comprehensive feeling formed by collecting various situations and interests in travel, but also a variety of feelings. The author simplifies the complexity into a bleak feeling, and even compares this invisible inner feeling to an external scenery, saying that it is colder than cold water and more bleak than bleak autumn colors (Ouyang Xiu's Ode to Autumn Sound has the saying that "autumn is like a shape and the color is bleak"). In this way, it only takes seven words to vividly show the readers the color of "God without trace" (the evaluation of Chinese in Chen Yan's poem "The Essence of Song Poetry"). The second sentence, "See the ferry at the starting point of a distant stranger", shows the reader only a long road with a ferry at the end of the road. But the implication is that in this long journey, pedestrians come and go in a hurry, and the flow is endless, catching up with land and water, and the atmosphere of travel is filled. This is a hotbed to cultivate a sense of sadness in life. The color of the line is born from the line. If the first poem is about color, this sentence is about lines. Together, the two sentences are full of color. The last two sentences of this poem add weight to the writing style. In the third sentence, the words "Dan Qing has no painting place" made it impossible for painters to paint with ink because they did not ask for it. It should be a pity that there is no painting, but the author does not regret it. Instead, I use the word "Lai" at the beginning of the sentence to show that I am lucky that I can't draw, because, as the last sentence says, "painting will bring a lifetime of sorrow." At the end of the poem, the word "worry" is revealed, and the color is written as the embodiment of worry. If you paint it as a picture, it will make people feel sad; With this painting, people's life will be accompanied by sadness. The word "worry about one's life" in the sentence shows the weight of lines and colors written in this poem.

Chen Yan mentioned this poem in his comments on Su Shi's Xiguangge in the Essence of Song Poetry. The full text of Su Shi's poem is: "Going to the lake is still affectionate, and the eaves move with the first day." Xiguang has not painted since ancient times, and it is entirely based on new poetry and new writing. "Sima Chi's poem says it is difficult to draw with color, and Su Shi says it is difficult to draw with light. The sparkling waves on the stream in the early morning are really difficult to draw in Chinese painting, but it is still a visible and marked landscape, which is not difficult to reproduce in oil painting and photography. The paintings and photos written by Sima Chi are also difficult to absorb, and they can only be "written" by the poet's unintentional and implicit pen.