Soviet geography

The Soviet Union is the abbreviation of the Soviet Socialist Union. 1922

It was established in February and dissolved in1991February.

(1) Physical geography: The Soviet Union is located in eastern Europe and northern and central Asia, with ice in the north.

Ocean, the Pacific Ocean in the east, the Baltic Sea in the west and the Black Sea in the southwest. With Norway, Finland, Poland, Czech Republic and

Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Turkey, Iran, Afghanistan, China, Mongolia and North Korea.

Soil. The territory covers an area of 22.4 million square kilometers, accounting for about 1/6 of the world land, which is the area of the world.

The largest country. The terrain is dominated by plains: the plains account for 60% of the total area, and the plateaus and mountains each account for half.

20%。 The eastern part of Yenisei River is mostly plateau and mountain, while the western part is mainly plain. Southern and eastern Soviet Union

It surrounds the mountains. The climate is complex and diverse, and the northernmost and islands near the Arctic Ocean belong to the cold zone.

Most of its territory is located in temperate zone, south coast of Crimea, South Caucasus and Central Asia.

The south belongs to subtropical zone. The average annual precipitation is 530mm. It snows almost all winter. Length inch

There are 63 rivers, with a distance of 1000 km. The longest river is ob river (total length 54 10 km.

), followed by amur river (Heilongjiang), Lena River and Yenisei River, and Volga River is part of Europe.

The longest river. There are many lakes with a total area of 490,000 square kilometers (excluding the Black Sea and Aral Sea), which are famous far and wide.

Lakes include: Lake Baikal, Lake Balkhash, Lake Ladoga, Lake Onega, Lake Issyk Kul, etc. kilomega

Lake Irvine is the largest lake in the Soviet Union and the deepest and largest freshwater lake in the world.

(2) Natural resources: Only 27% of the Soviet Union's land, or 606.8 million hectares, is used for agriculture, of which

Cultivated land (including garden beside the house) is 227.5 million hectares (1983), accounting for.

10%。 More than 75% of the total cultivated land area is located in the black soil grassland belt. The forest coverage rate is 35.6%,

The area is 79 1 60,000 hectares (1978 65438+1October1). Mineral resources are rich and diverse.

All of them. The proven reserves and output of iron ore, manganese ore and asbestos ore, and the output of oil and potassium salt are among the highest in the world.

First place. Natural gas, coal production and gold reserves rank second in the world. But the distribution of mineral resources

Extremely uneven, some minerals in Europe are insufficient, and some mineral resources in Asia are rich. River runoff resource year

The average is 4500 cubic kilometers. The national hydropower resources are 2 1000 billion kwh. Animal species account for about 40% of the world.

110. Freshwater animals are rich and diverse, especially fish.

Population: 278.7 million (1986), accounting for 5.7% of the world population, ranking third in the world.

A little. Low population density and uneven distribution. The urban population accounts for 66% of the total population, and the rural population accounts for 66%.

34% (1987). Moscow is the largest city (population 8.53 million), followed by Leningrad (population

Belongs to 7 language families. More than 80% of the residents' languages belong to Indo-European language family, which is divided into Slavic language.

Ethnic groups (accounting for 74%, including Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Poles and Bulgarians), listed.

Tuo-Lithuanian (Lithuanian and Latvian), Latin (Moldavia),

Iranian language family (Tajik, Ossetian, Kurdish, Tate, Baluchi, Pamir),

Armenian (Armenian), Greek (Greek), Germanic (Jewish, German

Language) and the Indian language family (Shigang language). Altaic language family accounts for 15% of the total population, among which it is divided into Turkic language.

Zhuan language family (Uzbek, Kazakh, Tatar, Azerbaijani, Turkmen, Kyrgyz)

Language, Chuvash, Bashkir, etc. ), Mongolian (Buryat and kalmyk), Tong

Guzman language family. In addition, there are Caucasian languages (Georgian, Chechen, etc. ) and Uralic.

(Estonian, Moldovan, Malian, Komi, Karelia, Finnish, Hungarian)

Language, etc. ), ancient Asian language family, Semitic language family, Sino-Tibetan language family.