Look up 10 ancient poems, and introduce and understand the historical knowledge involved.

1. Li Bai's "Smelling the flute in Los Angeles on a Spring Night":

Yu Di's dark flying sound scattered into the spring breeze in Los Angeles.

Who can't get homesick when they hear that there is another village in the serenade?

To understand the meaning of "folding willow" in the title, the key is to understand the image of "willow". There are some common ancient poems in the texts that students have learned, such as "Yang Liuan's Xiao Feng Canyue" (Liu Yong's Yulinling), "I heard the willow in the flute, but I didn't see the spring scenery" (Li Bai's Xia Sai Qu), and "Why should Qiangdi complain about the willow, because the spring breeze is not enough" (Wang Zhihuan's Liangzhou Ci). The past is gone, and Liu is reluctant to part. There is also "Folding Yang Liuzhi" in the Northern Dynasty Yuefu's "Blowing the Drum Horn", and the lyrics are: "Don't catch the whip when you get on the horse, fight with Yang Liuzhi. Dismount and play the flute, worrying about killing guests. "

From this, we can understand that the "willow" in ancient poetry has a special meaning. Gentle and graceful, swaying in the wind, the homophonic sound of "willow" and "stay", and the ancient custom of breaking willow to bid farewell can easily be extended to the level of "willow-stay-farewell-reluctant to part". Reminiscent of people, parting people will think of parting scenes when they see willows, and they will see farewell scenes to willows, and their hearts are full of sadness. This makes it easier to understand the meaning of "farewell and nostalgia" contained in the word "folding willow" in the poem.

2. Look for flowers by the river.

Du Fu

Huang Si's maiden is full of flowers,

Thousands of flowers bent the branches.

Butterflies have been dancing,

Charming songbirds sing freely.

[Brief analysis]

Du Fu, a poet in the first year of Shangyuan (AD 760) in Tang Suzong, lived in Chengdu, Sichuan, and built a thatched cottage beside Huanhuaxi in the western suburbs. He found a place to live for the time being and felt much more comfortable. In the spring season, he walked alone by the river to enjoy the flowers and wrote a set of seven-line quatrains, the sixth of which.

The first sentence "Huang Siniang's home is full of flowers" points out the place to find flowers. A "path" is a path. "Flowers are all over the path" means that many flowers cover the path and connect it. The second sentence is "a thousand flowers are low." "A hundred flowers blossom" describes a large number. The words "pressure" and "low" in "Pressing branches low" are used very aptly and vividly, vividly depicting the dense, large and numerous flowers in spring, which bend the branches. This sentence is the embodiment of the word "full" in the previous sentence The third sentence, "There is a butterfly dance". "Linglian" describes butterflies flying around and reluctant to leave. Write the bright fragrance of spring flowers from the side. In fact, the poet was also attracted by colorful spring flowers and stayed. The fourth sentence is "Jiao Ying chirps". "Jiao" is a description of Ying Ge's softness and roundness. "Chen Wenjing Ti" means that when the poet came to enjoy the flowers, the oriole was singing. Just because the poet was happy, he took it for granted that oriole sang for himself. This is the same as the previous sentence, saying that butterflies are attached to spring flowers, which is empathy. Because the poet successfully used this technique to integrate things with me and create a scene, this little poem is more intimate and interesting to read.

3. Look at Lushan Waterfall

Lipper

The purple mist is illuminated by sunlight, and the waterfall hangs in front of the mountain.

On the high cliff, it seems to be thousands of feet high, which makes people think that the Milky Way has fallen from heaven to earth.

Incense burner refers to the incense burner peak of Lushan Mountain, "in the northwest of Lushan Mountain, its peak is sharp and round, and the smoke clouds gather and disperse, like the shape of Boshan incense burner" (music history "Taiping Universe"). But when it comes to the poet Li Bai's pen, it becomes another scene: an indomitable incense burner, clouds of white smoke rising slowly in Ran Ran, ethereal between the green mountains and the blue sky, and turned into a purple cloud under the irradiation of the red sun. This not only makes the incense burner peak more beautiful, but also romantic, creating an unusual background for the unusual waterfall. Then the poet turned his eyes to the waterfall on the mountain wall. "Before the waterfall hangs over the river", the first four words are the key points; "Hanging in front of the river" is the first image of "looking", and the waterfall is like a huge white practice hanging high between mountains and rivers. The word "hanging" is wonderful. It transforms motion into stillness, vividly showing the image of a waterfall pouring from a distance. Who can hang the giant? "Zhuang Zaifu"! Therefore, the word "hang" also contains the poet's praise for the magical power of nature. The third sentence also describes the dynamics of the waterfall. "Flying three thousands of feet", stroke by stroke, every word is forceful. The word "fly" vividly depicts the scene of the waterfall spewing out; "Straight down" not only describes the steep slope of the mountain, but also indicates the urgency of the water flow. The sky is falling and unstoppable. However, the poet was not satisfied enough, and wrote another sentence, "It is suspected that the Milky Way has set for nine days". He really wants to fall from the sky and surprise his soul. "Doubt is" is worth pondering. The poet clearly said it in a trance, and the readers know that it is not, but they all think that only in this way can it be more vivid and true. The secret lies in the image that has been bred in the poet's previous description. Look! The towering incense burner peak is hidden in the clouds. Looking at the waterfall in the distance is like flying down from the clouds and falling in the sky, which naturally associates with a galaxy falling from the sky. It can be seen that although the metaphor of "doubt is the milky way for nine days" is strange, it does not appear out of thin air in the poem, but naturally emerges from the portrayal of the image. It is exaggerated and natural, novel and true, thus arousing the resonance of the whole article, making the whole image more colorful, magnificent and magnificent, which not only left a deep impression on people, but also gave people room for imagination, showing Li Bai's artistic style of "Wan Li fell, but the trend was still strong at the end".

4. Spring disability

Ewong?; Yvonne Yung Hung

It's spring again, how to bloom a green flower.

Falling Flowers Independent, Swift Qi Fei.

The soul of the eye will be broken, but the dream of the year will not be broken.

It is comparable to the sadness of dusk, and the cicada glow of dusk in Xiao Sa.

Poems about pregnant women in late spring. The first sentence points to the theme and is written in an eclectic way. In a sentence, the word "you" begins with the word "ye" and ends with an adverb and a modal particle, which is rare in poetry. However, the author uses it naturally, which makes the sentence abrupt, strengthens the tone and strengthens the sadness of the heroine in the poem. It has the function of covering the whole article and is a new writing method. The word "you" also corresponds to the following "year", suggesting that this woman left her lover at this time last year, so she is particularly sensitive to phenological changes. The second sentence "how to get out of the garden" and "how" means unbearable. The first sentence is that this woman suffered the pain of separation here and now last year. After a year, I still remember it here and now. How dare she go there again and experience such pain again! So I dare not go out. If you contact the couplet again, you won't dare to come out. Actually, you came out after all. When people are extremely depressed, they are often in such self-contradiction. This vividly depicts the dreamy and infatuated appearance of this woman, thus showing how much she misses her.

Step 5 come from thinking

Once the sea was difficult for water, except Wushan, not clouds. Taking the flowers and turning back lazily is partly due to self-cultivation and partly due to self-cultivation.

Seeing the sea and Wushan, I feel that the sea and clouds in other places are not so good.

Although the flowers are beautiful, I am too lazy to see the monastery here. I still love my sweetheart.

Not in the mood to find a new relationship.

6. Guests arrive

Du Fu

The north and south of the thatched cottage are all springs, and the flock of gulls flew in.

The old lady didn't sweep the flower path for the guests. Today, it's only for you. Chai Men hasn't opened it for you yet, but it will open it for you today.

Too far from the city, too far from good food, too thin family background, only old wine.

If you are willing to invite the old man next door to drink with you, he will drink his cup through the fence!

This is a chronicle poem full of rich flavor of life, which shows the poet's simple character and warm mood. Author's Note: "I am very happy with Cui Mingfu" briefly explains the meaning of the problem.

One or two sentences begin with the outdoor scenery, pointing out the time and place of the guest's visit and the mood of the author on the eve of his visit. "I'm in the north, I'm in the south, and spring water is flooding" makes the environment with green water rippling here very beautiful and lovely. This is the thatched cottage by the river in Chengdu. The word "Du" implies that the water of the Chunjiang River overflows, giving people a feeling of vastness. In the works of the ancients, flocks of seagulls are often the companions of hermits by the water. Their arrival "day after day" points out the tranquility of the environment and adds a secluded color to the author's life. "But see" implies that the flock is lovely, but seeing other tourists is too monotonous! In this way, the author is immersed in the scenery, showing his loneliness in the leisurely Jiangcun village. This skillfully paved the way for the happy mood of the whole poem.

Zhuan Xu turned his brush strokes to the courtyard, which led to "visitors". The author adopts the tone of talking with the guests, which enhances the real sense of life of the guests and the host. The last sentence is that the garden path full of flowers and plants has not been cleaned to welcome guests. The next sentence says that the door that has been closed has only been opened for you for the first time today. Lonely, the guests come, and the host who has always been leisurely and quiet can't help but be overjoyed. These two sentences, set off before and after, have deep feelings. Not only do lobbyists not come often, but the host will not easily delay the guests' intentions. Today, "Mr." is here, which is conducive to seeing the deep friendship between the two people and making the happiness behind them settle down. The meaning of the former sentence is more detached from the meaning of the latter sentence "starting today", which complements the former two sentences.

The above is a virtual description of the guests, and the following is a real description of the guests. The author abandoned other plots and chose the life scene that can best express the affection between the guest and the host, and painted it with deep colors and intentions. "It's a long way to the market, I can't give you much, but there is old wine for us to drink in my hut", which makes us seem to see the scene where the author invites guests to eat and often advises them to drink, and hear the author's apology for the lack of rich food and wine: it is really inconvenient to buy things far from the market, and the dishes are very simple, so we must use self-brewed old wine, so please help yourself! Household words sound very kind, from which we can easily feel the host's sincere hospitality and inability to apologize, as well as the deep friendship between host and guest. There is a harmonious atmosphere between the lines.

The feeling of being a guest seems to have been written enough here. If you describe the happy scene from the front, it is obviously tasteless. However, the poet skillfully ended with "Should we call my elderly neighbors to join us and call the remaining cups through the fence", which pushed the atmosphere of the dinner to a more enthusiastic climax. The poet shouted and asked the man next to him to have a drink. This detail description is delicate and realistic. It is conceivable that the more two girlfriends drink, the stronger their interest, the more excited and cheerful they are, and the atmosphere is quite warm. As far as writing is concerned, the last two sentences are full of twists and turns.

7. Chai Lu [Wang Wei]

No one can be seen in the silent valley, only the voice is heard. Sunlight enters the forest and shines on the moss again.

[Brief Comment] This Chai Lu is an important masterpiece of Wang Wei's landscape poems, which expresses the poet's pursuit and love for the ethereal realm in nature, which is also one of his pleasures in seclusion in Wangchuan. The main feature of this poem is that it is full of painting realm. Liu Chenweng, a poet in the Song Dynasty, said in the 39th volume of Collection of Tang Poems: "Words speak for themselves". The 19th volume of Shen Deqian's On Tang Poems in Qing Dynasty gave full play to Herry Liu's theory, saying: "Beauty lies in language, which is in the same strain as Tao Gong's" picking chrysanthemums under the east fence and seeing Nanshan leisurely ". Wang Wei's poems are similar to Tao Yuanming's ethereal seclusion. In other words, the advantage of this poem lies in the sentence that Su Shi said when commenting on Wang Wei: "There is a picture in the poem". Although there are no others in the empty mountain, the first two sentences are about the silence of the mountain forest. The last two sentences say that the light returns to the deep forest, and the moss shines again. This is what the protagonist sees in the picture scroll. The combination of the two is an excellent picture of people and scenery. The important artistic technique of this poem is contrast, which is used to highlight the central content of the poet's description, that is, the word silence. The first two sentences are "not seeing people" and the last two sentences are "on the moss". In the first two sentences, the poet's purpose is to write that he "can't see people" in the mountain, so the mountain is just an "empty" mountain. Then there was a "human voice", which broke the silence of this forest. This technique is a contrast. This is consistent with Wang Ji's famous sentence "Yingong Mountain is more secluded" in the Southern Dynasties, in which the silence of the mountain is set off by the singing of birds. Similarly, the purpose of the poet's last two sentences is to write about the dark scenery in the deep forest, that is, to highlight the "secluded" scenery on the moss. However, he did not directly describe the darkness of the whole mountain forest, but let a ray of shallow sunlight fall into the depths of the forest and shine on the moss, thus giving readers a feeling that a wise man talks to himself and is in a secluded place, and the secluded place is even more secluded than this wise man. This poem reflects the poet's love for nature and his boredom with earthly officialdom.

Night berth on Jiande River [Meng Haoran]

Stop the boat in a foggy small state, when new worries come to the guest's heart. The vastness of the wilderness is deeper than trees, and the moon is very close to the moon.

[Brief Analysis] There are many works in Tang poetry that reflect the worries and homesickness of wanderers. This poem is about the poet's homesickness in his journey, and the lyric focus of the whole poem is on the word "sad and new" in two sentences. The first sentence of the poem implies the poet's melancholy, which is the easiest to arouse the homesickness of the wanderer. Therefore, in the second sentence, the poet wrote a word "new" to describe the sudden sadness. The word "new" can be interpreted as "new life" and "sudden life" in poetry. The last two sentences are written by the words "I am worried about the new". Because its background is so vast and boundless, it is often set off very short, as if it were squashed by heaven and earth. This is the artistic conception of the word "the sky is low and the trees are low" The poet vividly wrote the depressed mood in his heart with the exaggerated brushwork of lonely trees at dusk, which is the desolation of not seeing his loved ones. "How close the moon looks in the water!" It means that because the river is clean, the reflection of the moon in the water is big and round. When people watch it on the boat, they only feel that it seems to be particularly close to people. In this sentence, the poet also endowed with deep emotion, that is, to write its spirituality with the approach of the moon. It seems to know that the poet's homesickness can't be released and he can't stop thinking about it. This is the meaning of the word "recent month". In this way, the last two sentences of this poem are not purely for writing about the scenery, but the language of the scenery is permeated with the poet's strong emotional color, which is a famous sentence with affection in the scenery. Zhang Qianyi, a poet in A Qing, said, "The words' low' and' near' are the so-called poetic eyes of the Song Dynasty, but there are no scars. This is also the beauty of Tang poetry. " A bright moon, hanging in the sky, but considerate, seems to be getting closer and closer to the poet, adding a warm and cordial feeling to the lonely poet. The sadness of this poem is elegant to read. The word "new" shows that different feelings are born at any time in the journey of life, and with the bright moon, it is the constant emotional comfort of life.

Break up with Xin Jian at Furong Inn [Wang Changling]

Misty rain enveloped Wu's day overnight; Send you in the morning, lonely and sad in Chushan! Friends, if my friends in Luoyang invite me; Just say I'm still Bing Xin Okho, and stick to my faith!

[Analysis] Wang Changling is known as the "Master of the Seven Wonders" in the Tang Dynasty. His Seven Wonders are written with profound feelings and endless connotations, and are highly respected by the world. This poem is a farewell work with high artistry and distinctive personality. This poem by Wang Changling was written in Jiangning's adult life after the first year of Tianbao (742). Prior to this, Wang Changling was banished to Lingnan in the 27th year of Kaiyuan (739). Hand was demoted to Jiangning as Xiancheng. In the seventh year of Tianbao (748), he was relegated to the remote Longbiao (now Qianyang, Hunan), which can be described as repeated relegation. Yin, a contemporary of Wang Changling, said in "Collection of the Yellow Spirit of the River Yue": "Chang Ling is a man who is willing to do more than he can do. Why not dwell on details in the evening, slander and boil, and then go far away to make friends lament ",which means that Wang Changling didn't pay attention to details in his later years, causing everyone to comment in succession and was banished to a remote place twice. Actually, it's not Wang Changling's fault. Only from Wang's poems "I'm afraid of getting sick" ("Send Zhang Yan") and "Right and Wrong on Earth" ("Send Donglin to Mount Lushan") can we know. This is really because of his arrogant personality. The description of the bleak scenery in the first two sentences of this poem is a vivid expression of the poet's sinister situation. In the face of the description of the lonely mountain with rich connotations, only the cold rain and lonely mountain can be regarded as the artistic embodiment of the sinister situation: the cold rain is gossip in the society and the lonely mountain is its own weakness, which can be more closely linked with the following and better express the poet's mentality of asking others to understand at this moment. "A piece of ice in a jade pot" has become a famous sentence in the poem, but it also has its roots. In Lu Ji's "Emperor Gaozu Heroes", there is "the heart is like ice", and the ice here is compared to the purity of the heart. Bao Zhao's poem "Whitehead" says: "Straight as a string of silk, clear as jade pot ice", which means that ice is innocent. The preface to Yao Chong's Curling Commandments reads: "The hole in the husband is flawless, and the bottom is empty. Understand it as officials are classified! Therefore, the ice is clear inside, and the jade is moist outside. This gentleman has the virtue of curling. " This compares ice to the incorruptibility of officials. However, Wang Changling's A Piece of Bing Xin in the Jade Pot can not only combine ancient and modern achievements in image design, but also show his noble integrity and make a breakthrough in content expansion, so it is particularly important for future generations. The meaning of the whole poem is not to bid farewell to other words, but to show the nobleness of the poet's sentiment and ambition. Although it reveals the bitterness of the author's frustrated fate, the last two sentences deepen the theme and bring the poet's personality and poetry to a unique supreme state, so it is unique and unique, becoming a four-line swan song.

9. Liangzhou District [William Wang]

Wine luminous glass, want to drink pipa, hurry up immediately. Don't laugh when you are drunk on the battlefield. How many people fought in ancient times?

[Brief Comment] This poem belongs to the seven-word masterpiece of frontier fortress poetry in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. The theme of poetry has always been controversial and thought-provoking. When writing an article, the poet starts with drinking wine, and puts three exquisite things, grapes, wine and luminous cups, in the first sentence of the poem, which makes the whole poem present a dazzling and brilliant atmosphere at the beginning, gives readers a feeling of silence and arresting people, and lays the foundation for later lyricism. At the same time, the grapes, wine and luminous cups in the first sentence all come from the western regions, "so they are all local scenery, which conforms to the frontier sentiment" (Shen Zujian translated Seven Tang Poems), which is one of them. In addition, it should be noted that these three artifacts have been introduced from abroad since the pre-Qin period. Now, on the eve of the expedition, soldiers are allowed to hold luminous cups and drink grapes and wine. The implied meaning is obvious, that is, I wish them an early defeat of foreign enemies and greater victory. In this way, when discussing the main lyric tendency of this poem, this poem should be regarded as expressing the heroism of the frontier generals in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. In addition to the above two paragraphs can be used as arguments, there are the following basis. First of all, Biography of Talented Scholars in Tang Dynasty commented on William Wang's poems, saying that his works were "magnificent words". The first sentence is tangent to the word "beauty" and the last two sentences are tangent to the word "strength". Secondly, Shi Buhua commented on this poem in My Servant's Poem: "It is easy to read in sad language, but wonderful to read in funny language. Learners understand. " It means that this poem should be read in a sad language. If so, it is irrelevant, so it is "shallow". If you read "joking", you just don't care about "how many people come back", just get on the horse and kill yourself. In this way, the poet's lofty aspirations are expressed through "banter", so it is "wonderful". How many people have survived on the battlefield since ancient times? However, the fate and honor of soldiers are closely linked with the battlefield, which is the inevitable fate of soldiers, heroic or tragic, or leave it to readers to think and experience. This poem also adds artistic charm and appeal because of the intriguing theme.

10. Wuyi Lane [Liu Yuxi]

There are some weeds blooming by the Suzaku Bridge, and there is only sunset at the corner of Wuyi Lane. Swallows under the eaves of Wang Dao and Xie An have now flown into the homes of ordinary people.

[Comment] This is a very popular nostalgic poem. The poet expressed the vicissitudes of life with superb artistic techniques and revealed the sense of impermanence. This poem is the second of five topics in Jinling. It depicts the great changes of Wuyi Lane near Zhuque Bridge in the past and present, and reveals the ruin of Jinling City, from which it reveals that the feudal giants can take power for a while, but they can't escape the end of decline. Poetry tries its best to express the vicissitudes of the world, and the ups and downs of replacement are almost out of reach. This is a cup of ancient poetry, but it is very different from ordinary nostalgic poetry in writing. The poem focuses on swallows, from their families to the rich and then to the common people, and expresses the poet's past and present feelings after cherishing Jinling historical sites, so it is very distinctive. Now the poet says that the swallow is back, but the family he lives in is very different from before. He has become an ordinary citizen, thus expressing the poet's sense of historical vicissitudes. In this way, some people in the artistic conception don't understand Shi Buhua's statement. He thinks that "three or four sentences are very poetic, and the cover shows the difference between the past and the present from the swallow." ..... Every time the poet (this implies that the stone does not spend) misinterprets the poet's meaning, take this example to summarize the rest. " In this poem, Liu Yuxi can express the change of personnel through the behavior of swallows, so he won the admiration of future generations. For example, Xin Qiji, a poet in the Song Dynasty, said in his poem "Qinyuanchun": "No one can understand the rosefinch bridge, and the weeds swallow in the sunset", which shows his sincere admiration for Liu Yuxi's poem. Wuyi Lane and Zhuque Bridge are two place names in the poem. Wang Jiahe, two former nobles, have experienced prosperous changes in personnel, showing the impermanence of life fate. Poetry is written from the side, expressing past and present feelings with the scenery in front of us, which is implicit and profound and praised by future generations.

1 1. Wang Chun [Du Fu]

Chang' an fell, the country was broken, and only the mountains and rivers remained; Spring has come, and the sparsely populated Chang' an city is densely forested. Sad state, can not help but burst into tears, amazing birds, leaving sorrow and hate. The war lasted for more than half a year, and letters from home were rare, with a hundred thousand gold. Twisting with melancholy, scratching my head and thinking, the more I scratch my white hair, I can hardly insert a hairpin.

[Brief Analysis] In July of the first year of Tang Suzong to Germany (756), Du Fu was determined to serve his country and resolutely left his hometown to join Lingwu. Unexpectedly, he was captured by Anshi rebels on the way and brought to Chang 'an. During his stay in Chang 'an, the poet witnessed the profound disaster caused by treason, and his heart was filled with infinite anxiety and sadness. In the spring of the following year, although it was a beautiful season with flowers and birds singing, what the poet saw in front of him was that the once prosperous capital was now overgrown with weeds and desolate everywhere. Touching the scene, I felt a lot, so I wrote this famous patriotic poem. It should be said that homesickness here is closely linked with worrying about the country; The description of love and scenery also permeates each other. The first four sentences of this poem are about the failure of Spring City, full of sadness. The last four sentences are about remembering the situation of relatives, full of hatred. The scene is quite touching. The first couplet of the poem, with dignified pen and ink and dual sentence patterns, writes a shocking desolate scene caused by the war in the capital. However, in this bleak, it seems generous and tall. The word "in" although the country is broken, the mountains and rivers will last forever "means that although the country is broken, the mountains and rivers are still there, indicating that ZTE is promising and revealing the poet's firm belief in national unity. But after all, the mountains and rivers are broken and the city walls are desolate, so the second couplet closely follows the poem "Spring Hope" to express the poet's sadness about state affairs with the empathy of flowers and birds. The scenery is emotional and inexhaustible, and it is thought of, and the rhyme is far-reaching and graceful. Taking the sentence of "bonfire" as a sentence and the sentence of "letter from home" as a sentence further deepened the poet's concern for the country, the people and himself. These two sentences show his desire to hear from his relatives for a long time. His language is simple and his feelings are sincere, which is quite popular among future generations. It is sincere and natural to link the fate of individuals with the fate of the country. Finally, it ends with "I touch my white hair". It has become too thin to hold the hairpin any more. "It is not only to express sadness about a person getting old, but to worry that a person getting old can't contribute to the country. This is the real sadness. This not only takes care of the grief and indignation of the first couplet "Guo Pi" from the structure, but also expresses the poet's patriotic feelings very vividly and profoundly. The language of the whole poem is concise, the antithesis is exquisite, the scene is blended and integrated, and it is a model of five-character poetry. "

12. Send a friend [Li Bai]

Green mountains are located on the north side of the city wall, and the sparkling water surrounds the east of the city. Here we say goodbye to each other, and you, like losing your father, are floating in the wind and traveling far away. Floating clouds are like wanderers, like wandering, and the sunset slowly goes down the mountain, which seems to be nostalgic. With a wave of his hand, he will be separated from now on, and his friend on horseback will carry him on a long journey, blowing a long wind, as if reluctant to leave.

[Brief Comment] Li Bai's farewell poems are fluent and lively in language and sincere in feelings, expressing his deep affection for his friends. Emotional euphemism and lofty artistic conception. Poetry couplet, with bright colors, indicates the place of farewell and also implies the feeling of farewell. It's sad that the green mountains and green waters can get together and be sad, but today they have to break up. Then a couplet, with flowing sentences, tells the story of going to Wan Li and leaving, showing the attachment and concern for friends. The third part, with infinite affection, wrote down the wandering destination of the wanderer in the future and the feeling of parting at this time. The metaphor of floating clouds and sunset makes the goodwill towards friends not visualized, but also deepened. Although the couplets are straightforward, they still contain infinite feelings. It is natural to use code to make things happen here. We waved goodbye, and my horse neighed again and again. Green hills and white water set each other off, red sun and white clouds set each other off, and the realm is out. The long-ringing banma adds more vitality to the picture. The beauty of nature and the beauty of humanity are intertwined, flowing naturally, disdaining being bound by rules and regulations, revealing an elegant atmosphere, and this farewell affection is endless with the departure of friends.

13. An ancient battle song [Li Qi]

During the day, the beacon tower climbing the mountain observes and gives an alarm, and at night, the horse leads the horse to the riverside. The dark wind blew bursts of sounds, like the pipa of a princess in the Han Dynasty, full of hidden grievances. Camp in Wan Li without battlements until the thick sky joins the vast desert in the snow. The sorrowful Hu Yanyan flew through the air, and HUS soldiers were all in tears. It is said that Yumenguan has blocked the road, so the soldiers can only follow the general around. Every year we bury our bones in the desert and watch Pu Tao enter the Han family.

[Brief Analysis] "Joining the Army" belongs to the old title of Yuefu's "Harmony and Flat Tune", which is more about the bitterness of joining the army. During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty in Kaiyuan and Tianbao in Li Longji, the war in the northwest border of the motherland was complex in nature, defensive and provocative. Judging from the content of this poem, it is a war against injustice. Just for the sake of the emperor's self-interest, it is impossible to go to war lightly, except at the expense of the vast number of soldiers. "We bury countless bones in the desert every year, but only see vines enter China", which is a sharp and severe condemnation of Tang. So Shen Deqian said: It is wrong to exchange human life for something other than the Great Wall. Hang a ring as a bottle opener and pretend this poem. At the same time, the author expresses deep sympathy for the misfortunes suffered by the northwest minority people because of this unjust war. Wild geese flew from night to night, and their plaintive cries and many tears shed by Tatar children were sincere and touching, which was precious in feudal times. The whole poem can integrate reality with historical events, which not only vividly shows the typical scene of the lonely desert in Wan Li, but also expresses the poet's strong critical spirit through the contrast between the bitterness of the Han and Hu armies and the sharp contrast between the white bones and grapes. Artistically, it has a rhyme on all sides, even and flat, and the timbre is naturally intense; Moreover, it is a frontier fortress poem with profound ideological content in the Tang Dynasty, with overlapping words and antithesis, full of sound and emotion.

14. Drinking the bright moon alone [Li Bai]

Flowers in the next pot of wine, no friends, drink alone. Raise my cup, I invite the bright moon, which brings me its shadow and makes us three people. The moon doesn't know how to drink, but the shadow in front of it is behind. I have to mingle with them and enjoy the happiness of spring. The song I sing is bright and wandering, and I dance the shadow before wandering. Wake up and be happy together, and disperse after drunkenness. I am willing to stay with them forever and forget the harm of friendship, just like the Milky Way.

[Analysis] Li Bai abandoned talent, his political ideal could not be realized, and he felt lonely and depressed. In this poem, the poet further introduces the moon to know himself and express his feelings for the moon. "Drinking the bright moon alone" is the first of four poems, expressing the anguish of a bosom friend. Poetic, straightforward, express lonely thoughts and feelings. This loneliness can't be banished. So the poet took the moon as his confidant and invited her to drink with his imagination and vivid description of strange things. At the same time, I also regard myself as a kind of sentient beings and invite them. But the moon can't be drunk, and the shadow man carries it with him, which highlights the loneliness of the poet. As Sun Zhu said, "The topic is drunk, and the poem is biased towards three people. The moon shadow companion said that repeated exploration has become more and more unique. " As the world knows little about each other, the poet has to sing to the moon and dance to the shadow with the bright moon and figure as companions to dispel his inner anguish. On the other hand, we should make friends with the eternal bright moon and shadow, and meet and travel in the distant blue sky in the future. This shows the poet's strong dissatisfaction with the dirty reality and his yearning for freedom and light in loneliness. This five-character poem, with novel conception, fantastic imagination and profound emotion, is a unique masterpiece in Li Bai's lyric poems. The poet put himself in the beautiful scenery and tried his best to render the quiet atmosphere, thus expressing the deep lament that although the beautiful scenery exists, it is difficult to find a bosom friend in the sharp contrast of colors. From an artistic point of view, the conception of this poem is very clever. The poet's feelings are vividly expressed in the process of going back and forth. The seemingly cheerful words express deep loneliness, thus forming the melody of the whole poem. The whole poem has always been a song, a vertical one and a closed one, creating a novel and profound artistic conception, which shows its immortal talent and superhuman pen power.

15. Goodbye [Wang Wei]

Please have a drink with your horse and ask your friend where you are going. You said you would go back to Zhongnanshan because you were not proud of your life. Just left, I want to ask again, look at the white clouds floating.

[Brief Comment] This farewell poem is said to have been written to send Meng Haoran back to Nanshan. This poem expresses the author's desire to retire and his feelings of farewell to his friends, and sends them to seclusion through writing. The whole poem is sent off by question and answer, which can be said to be unique and unconventional. The first sentence "I dismount, I propose a toast to you" is simple and ingenious. It is not difficult to see that the friendship between two people is not only the best, but also incomparable to ordinary people. At the same time, in terms of composition, these two sentences also constitute the trend of merits and demerits, making the inheritance and transition of the latter two sentences very natural. What is commendable is that the poet skillfully answered the questions in the previous four sentences, which led to the final comfort of his friends, retired from the mountains and lived comfortably. This implicit and tasteful poem enriches the whole article. These two poems are the main theme of the whole poem. Shen Deqian put it well: "There are endless white clouds, which are enough for self-entertainment. Don't be complacent. " (Poems of Tang Dynasty) This also shows the poet's yearning and pursuit for seclusion and seclusion from the world and nymphs. The selection of materials in the whole poem is simple but ingenious, and the language is simple and affectionate. In terms of expression, the poetry of the first four sentences seems to be very weak, but from the changes in narration and question and answer, we can easily appreciate the author's superb conception skills.

16. Xia zai nan ting si Xin

The shadow of the mountain rises suddenly, and the moon in the pond rises slowly from the east. Take advantage of the coolness of the night, open my window and lie down quietly. The wind brings me the fragrance of lotus flowers, and the bamboo leaves drip with the music of dew. I thought I would want to make a song, make a song, I just hate my friends in front of me. So I thought of you, old friend. I dreamed all night.

[Brief Comment] This five-character ancient poem, enjoying the cool in summer night and missing friends, is also a light, tasteful, fresh and seamless masterpiece. This poem expresses the poet's deep yearning for his friends in the description of enjoying the cool in summer. The poet created a peaceful artistic conception by revealing the true feelings of the objective scenery and living in seclusion. Poetry is written on a summer night, but it is unique. The poet did not directly write that the sun set and the moon rose, but that it was already night when he saw the sun set. The word "suddenly" is used here to indicate that the sunset sets rapidly in the west, which is also the poet's subjective feeling. As night falls, the bright moon rises from Ran Ran, Dong Chi, and the prospect is near. The use of the word "gradually" is the poet's real feeling, which, in contrast to the first sentence "suddenly", shows the different states of two dynamic scenes. This vividly depicts the poet's leisurely hermit spirit. The sentence "the wind brings lotus fragrance and the bamboo leaves drop dew music" has always been regarded as a beautiful sentence with meticulous scenery. The breeze blew, bringing a strong lotus fragrance. It is quiet at midnight, and you can hear the sound of dew dripping on the bamboo. What a lonely summer night! After careful observation, the poet chose the dynamic scenery and acoustics that can best reflect the static environment to describe it, and received the artistic effect of highlighting the silence in a specific environment with sports, which also reflected the poet's peace of mind in his seclusion. The last four sentences are bosom friends. On such a pleasant summer night, there is no intimate friend to talk to, and there is no intimate friend to appreciate if you want to play the piano and send yourself away. Loneliness doubles, and I miss my old friend more, so that I dream all night and feel the trend of family affection. The whole poem is inspired by the scene, which is appreciate each other, harmonious with the scene and quiet in artistic conception.