Weekly Notes on Graduation Practice of Building Construction Technology

Earthwork excavation of foundation pit (ditch)

Today, on my way to the construction site, I saw a construction site digging a foundation pit, so I asked Master about the knowledge of foundation pit excavation.

First, the process flow:

Determine the excavation sequence and slope → average excavation by sections and layers → trimming and bottom cleaning.

Second, the operation process

This project is an unsupported foundation pit (trough), and the slope must be put. The steepest slope should be 33%.

1, foundation pit (groove) excavation, reasonably determine the excavation sequence, route and excavation depth, and excavate evenly by sections and layers.

2. When the excavator moves along the excavation edge, the width of the machine from the upper edge of the slope should not be less than 1/2 of the depth of the foundation pit (groove) and pipe trench.

3, in the process of excavation, should always check the state of the groove wall and slope. Should be prepared for protection, in case of collapse.

4, excavation of foundation pit (groove) shall not be dug below the design elevation.

5. Earthwork that can't be dug by mechanical construction should be dug at any time with the help of manpower, and transported to the place dug by machinery by trolley so as to be dug in time.

6. Help clear the bottom. At the edge of the tank 50cm away from the design elevation of the tank bottom, find out the horizontal line, nail the Xiao Mu branch pipe, and manually dig the temporary soil layer. At the same time, both ends of the axis (center line) will pull the pile through the line (with small wire or lead wire), check the size from the groove edge, and determine the groove width standard. Trim the groove edge in this way, and finally remove the earthwork at the bottom of the groove. Quality inspection and acceptance shall be carried out after the tank bottom is repaired and leveled.

7. Due to the requirement of digging concrete cast-in-place piles, the earthwork stored on site should be piled up reasonably. When the site is stacked conditionally, leave enough good soil for backfilling; Excess earthwork should be transported away at one time to avoid secondary handling.

Third, the quality standard

The foundation pit (groove) and foundation soil of the site must meet the design requirements, and no disturbance is allowed.

Quality problems that should be paid attention to

(1) Overexcavation of basement: excavation of foundation pit (groove) shall not exceed the elevation of basement.

(2) The basement is not protected: the disturbance to the foundation soil should be minimized after the foundation pit (trench) is excavated.

(3) Insufficient excavation size and large slope: the excavation width and slope at the bottom of the foundation pit (trough) should be increased according to the construction needs in addition to the structural size requirements.

(4) Unreasonable construction sequence: Earthwork excavation should be carried out in strict accordance with the construction sequence specified in the construction plan, and attention should be paid to the excavation from the lower part first, and it should be carried out in layers and sections in turn to form a certain slope to facilitate drainage.

brick wall

Master continued to use the previous project to explain.

(3) Brick wall:

1) Masonry method: masonry generally adopts one shun and one ding (one full ding). Brick column masonry method shall not be adopted after four weeks.

2) Bricklaying at the bottom (dry bricklaying): When bricklaying at the bottom of the first external wall, two gables are built with cut bricks, and the front and rear longitudinal walls are built with long bricks. According to the position line of the window and door opening. Carefully check whether the size and length of the wall and stack between windows conform to the brick row module. If it does not meet the modulus, you can move the position of doors and windows left and right. If there is any broken work, these seven separate or small bricks should be arranged in the middle of the window, and battlements or other inconspicuous parts should be attached. When moving doors and windows, it should be noted that the heating and sanitation supervisor and the doors and windows are not affected when they are opened. In addition, when arranging bricks, it is also necessary to consider that the brick wall above the doors and windows will not be damaged when closed. Therefore, there must be a comprehensive consideration when arranging bricks. That is, when arranging each skin brick on the front and rear eaves, it is necessary to consider throwing the window before laying bricks. It is good to have seven independent corners on the window.

3) Brick selection: Bricks with neat edges and corners, no bending and cracks, uniform colors and basically the same specifications should be selected. When knocking, the sound is loud, and the bricks that change color and deform after baking can be used on the foundation and the inner wall that does not affect the appearance.

4) Slab angle: Slab angle shall be set before bricklaying, and the slab angle shall not exceed five layers at a time. The large angle of the new plate should be hoisted in time, and if there is any deviation, it should be trimmed in time. When setting the angle, carefully control the brick layer and elevation of the skin pole, control the size of the mortar joint, and make the horizontal mortar joint uniform. After the big horn plate is finished, check it again. Only when it is flat and vertical completely meets the requirements can it be hung on the wall.

5) Thread hanging: Double-sided thread hanging. If several people use a through line on a long wall, there should be several branch points in the middle, and the small line should be tightened. Each layer of brick should be threaded to make the transverse joints even, straight and smooth.

6) Bricklaying: Bricklaying shall adopt the "trinity" bricklaying method of one shovel of ash and one brick of one extrusion, that is, the full paving and extrusion operation method. When laying bricks, the bricks should be flat, the hands should be high and the walls should be open; If the hand is low inside, the wall will be backed. Bricklaying must follow the line, "upper with the line, lower with the edge, and the left and right neighbors should be flat." The thickness of horizontal mortar joint and the width of vertical mortar joint are generally 10mm, but they should not be less than 8mm or more than 12 mm ... During the operation, self-inspection should be carefully carried out. If there is any deviation, it should be corrected at any time. It is forbidden to hit the wall afterwards. Dry wall is not allowed to be divided into three parts, and it is not allowed to move or sew at will on the upper part. Masonry mortar should be used with mixing, cement mortar must be used up within 3h, cement mixed mortar must be used up within 4h, and overnight mortar is not allowed. Brick mortar drywall should be slotted with a seam depth of 8 ~ 10 mm, which is consistent and clean, and the mixed water wall should be leveled with tongue ash.

7) Leave a gap: the corner of the external wall should be laid at the same time. There must be a diagonal fork at the junction of the interior and exterior walls, the length of which should not be less than 2/3 of the wall height, and the fork must be straight. Segmented position should be at the deformation joint or door and window hole. When the partition wall and the wall or column are laid at the same time, embedded Rachel bars can be left. 2 Φ 6 steel bars are reserved for every 50cm of the submerged wall, and the embedding length is not less than 50cm on each side from the left corner of the wall, with a 90-degree hook at the end. The top of partition wall shall be extruded with vertical bricks.

Time: August 6, 2009-September 2009 1 1 (the seventh week) This is the seventh week of internship. My main task this week is to retouch the drawings and draw the architectural drawings of the elevator shaft. Check and repair is the plan of Huaifang New Village Community, including door opening, deformation joint, rain mouth, downpipe and so on. Whether the atlas is correct, including longitudinal section, electronic version check and proofreading one by one, is not technical, and it is boring to practice because you are patient and meticulous. A little gain is to know what an atlas is. The biggest gain this week is to draw two elevator drawings of the north shopping mall of Beijing Chengnan Jiayuan Business Center, because the drawing process needs to cooperate with the design of the structural master and the electric kick installation manufacturer, and the whole process is constantly adjusted. This time, I can better learn and understand how to connect and adjust the structure, main beam, beam order and structure owner. It turned out that I didn't know much about this at school, and the beams drawn were as thick as columns. Besides, I also learned some painting skills that I have never used before. Maybe after a series of study and exercise, my thinking has changed. I like to think about starting from that point before drawing something, and then try to save trouble. My experience this week is 1. Considering all aspects of architecture, there is a lot to learn. Always keep a clear head and know as clearly as possible what you want to do and how to do it. Don't complain about hard work, because what you learn from hard work is your own, not for others. The long-awaited third semester has finally arrived. I heard about this internship from the day I first entered school, so I was full of curiosity and yearning for it. This internship is the first time that we have come into contact with things on the spot since we studied theoretical knowledge. It is of great significance to combine theoretical knowledge with practice and break through the limitations of books. It's been a week since I came to the internship site. Although I am very busy and tired every day, I have gained a lot. It's my first time to go to the scene, and I'm curious. I want to know everything, but I don't know where to ask. No matter what we asked, the master patiently told us that on the first day we went to the site, we walked around the site, and the master told us the advantages and disadvantages of reinforcement, secondary reinforcement, brick-concrete structure and reinforced frame structure once. There are some things that we can't understand in class, but it is very simple to watch the scene. The master taught us how to stamp the completion seal and how to fill it out. On June 9th, the master took us to try it out. At first, we didn't understand this concept. The master told us that the test is to send all kinds of materials used in the project to the quality inspection center to check whether they meet the use standards, and we learned another thing. I am very happy! A week passed quickly, and I learned a lot and gained a lot. Through practice, we found that we lacked too many things. Come on! —— 081class Liu Ying, started her internship in the second week. I have adapted to the environment of the construction site, gradually integrated into the work and contacted new forms. If the master tells us how to fill it out, it will be easy. The master showed us the beam number on the construction drawing, and I was very tired! Sometimes the supervisor will tell us how to read pictures. When you look at the drawings, you must first look at the words marked on the drawings. I know what is centralized marking, what is in-situ marking and what is constructional column. I can learn a lot every day, and I will also listen to a lot of teachers, which is very organized. I think I must master more knowledge to better pave the way for my future! Run to the construction site when you have time, just to learn more. Students, seize the internship opportunity! —— Construction 08 1 Class Liu Ying Time flies. After three weeks of internship, I will learn a lot from these people around me unconsciously, whether it is professional knowledge or dealing with people. Internship let me know what I lack! That is solid professional theoretical knowledge, combined with practice! In order to create a more perfect self, under the guidance of my master, I accepted an office job in a new building. I go to Fuding every day to check the construction progress and learn as much as possible. By the way, I recorded the construction log. There are many forms to be made for the acceptance of the new building, including commencement report, inspection lot, inspection report and block entrustment. Many forms must be stamped according to the procedure and put into the file bag. Slowly, I learned the management procedure of construction office. No matter what you do, you should have a serious and careful attitude, keep thinking and observing, and you will learn a lot. In the construction site, you are experiencing things that you have never experienced before every day, so it is really important to deal with people. ————— Lou 08 1 Class Liu Ying's life is not simple, let's go ahead! No matter how hard and tired you are, you will laugh one day as long as you keep doing it. During the fourth week of internship, I got a deep understanding of doing indoor work. Basically mastered a series of procedures, you will learn a lot before you know it. I have started to do indoor work of electricity. The master asked me to look at the construction drawings and find out how many switches, sockets and lights there are in each unit and household. what would i like to do ? It turned out that the master had a purpose, and asked me to fill in the live inspection record of zero-phase ground wire, and then fill in the inspection and acceptance record form of concealed works of electrical devices-two inspection lots from the first floor to the attic. One of my happiest and most successful things this week is to try it myself! Every time I go with the master, I just help. This time, the master gave me the task. I am both happy and scared, which is very contradictory. Because for the first time, I'm afraid of any mistakes, and I wish I couldn't make any mistakes! There are a lot of materials tested, but thanks to the help of the driver, the sun is very hot! Sweating all over, it's really hard, but it's okay. It's going well. Every time I go, the staff has a bad attitude. This time, instead of getting worse, I smiled and felt very comfortable. I have completed all the tasks assigned to me by my master and I am very satisfied with what I am doing! Let me have more confidence in my future work. I believe I will do better in my future life. Now is the time to learn knowledge. Sweet and sour are nutrition, and success and failure are gains! You can also refer to:/html/g0094/200811/24516 _ 2.html and give you an internship report!

Field practice report

This is my first internship in my life, which is unforgettable. It will comprehensively test my abilities in all aspects: study, life, psychology, body, thought and so on. Test whether I can apply the theoretical knowledge I have learned to practice. It is related to whether I can succeed in this challenging society in the future, and it is also the key to building confidence, so my investment in it is also 100%! My whole internship life is over, and I still have a lot to gain from this internship.

Through this internship, we visited the construction site (Wenzhou People's Court), where I was deeply impressed by the exquisite layout of Shangzuo. I learned a lot of practical knowledge through practice. The so-called practice is the only criterion for testing truth. By standing by, I observed the whole construction process at close range, and I could face the constructors face to face to see how they constructed and how to turn the model on the drawing into a beautiful building, and I learned a lot of practical and concrete construction knowledge, which I seldom contacted and paid attention to at school, but it was also very important basic knowledge.

That day, we stepped on a ladder made of steel pipes and iron nets and began to feel dangerous. There are steel pipes or iron bars sticking out everywhere. The formwork and supports on the second and third floors have been removed, and it can be clearly seen that the pillars supporting the upper weight are so big that we all feel that the height of the floors has become smaller. There are many constructional columns around the load-bearing columns to increase the strength of the wall and avoid the collapse of the wall because of its long length. Along the way, we saw that the supports of the upper floors were not removed. These supports are made of steel pipes and templates. Steel pipes are very dense, and obviously need a lot of support to bear concrete slabs and beams with no strength at all. In architecture, I found many cracks in the joints of some buildings. After the teacher's explanation and the information I collected, I gained a lot.

This is a very complicated problem, so let me talk about my opinion:

There are many reasons for concrete cracks, mainly the change of temperature and humidity, brittleness and inhomogeneity of concrete, unreasonable structure, unqualified raw materials (such as alkali-aggregate reaction), template deformation, uneven settlement of foundation and so on. In the process of concrete hardening, cement releases a lot of hydration heat, the internal temperature rises continuously, and the surface produces tensile stress. In the later cooling process, due to the constraint of foundation or old concrete, tensile stress will appear in concrete. The decrease of air temperature will also produce great tensile stress on the concrete surface. When these tensile stresses exceed the crack resistance of concrete, cracks will appear. The internal humidity of many concrete changes little or slowly, but the surface humidity may change greatly or greatly.

Temperature control and measures to prevent cracks In order to prevent cracks and reduce temperature stress, we can start with controlling temperature and improving constraints. The measures to control temperature are: improving aggregate gradation, using hard concrete, mixing mixture, adding air entraining agent or plasticizer, reducing the amount of cement in concrete; When mixing concrete, add water or water to cool the crushed stone to reduce the pouring temperature of concrete; When pouring concrete in hot weather, reduce the pouring thickness and use the pouring surface to dissipate heat; Bury water pipes in concrete and introduce cold water to cool down; Set a reasonable time for formwork removal, and carry out surface insulation when the temperature drops suddenly to avoid a sharp temperature gradient on the concrete surface; During construction in cold season, thermal insulation measures should be taken for the surface of concrete pouring blocks or thin-walled structures exposed for a long time; The measures to improve the constraint conditions are: reasonably dividing joints and blocks; Avoid excessive fluctuation of foundation; Reasonable arrangement of construction procedures to avoid excessive height difference and long-term side exposure; In addition, it is very important to improve the performance of concrete, improve crack resistance, strengthen maintenance, prevent surface drying shrinkage, and especially ensure the quality of concrete. Special attention should be paid to avoid through cracks, which are difficult to restore structural integrity. Therefore, priority should be given to preventing through cracks in construction. In concrete construction, in order to improve the turnover rate of formwork, it is often required that the newly poured concrete be removed as soon as possible. When the concrete temperature is higher than the air temperature, the time of formwork removal should be properly considered to avoid early cracks on the concrete surface.

The practice of early curing of concrete proves that the most common cracks in concrete are surface cracks with different depths, which are mainly caused by the sudden drop of temperature in cold areas due to temperature gradient and are easy to form cracks. Therefore, the thermal insulation of concrete is particularly important to prevent early cracks on the surface. From the point of view of temperature stress, thermal insulation should meet the following requirements: to prevent the temperature difference between inside and outside concrete and the gradient of concrete surface, and to prevent surface cracks. In order to prevent concrete from freezing, the lowest temperature during concrete construction should be no lower than the stable temperature during the service life of concrete. Prevent the old concrete from supercooling, so as to reduce the constraint between the new and old concrete. Also, we found a layer of foam plastic with barbed wire on the outer wall. I didn't know it was used for heat preservation until I asked, and barbed wire was used to fix cement mortar.

Through this internship, although I have gained little knowledge, the practical experience I have gained will benefit me for life, which will be constantly verified in my practical work after graduation. I will continue to understand and appreciate the knowledge I have learned in my internship, and I will continue to apply the theoretical knowledge and practical experience I have learned to my future practical work to fully demonstrate my personal value and life value. Strive to realize my ideal and bright future.

I answered with a stick. There is a word limit. Why don't you add my QQ and I'll send it to you? 1 1860803.