Recommended by Li Chuan Photography Studio.

Believe it or not, I believe it anyway. There must be a genius. Just look at the winners of the previous Nobel Prize in Physics.

year

winner

nationality

The original reason for winning the prize

190 1

roentgen

Germany

Roentgen rays (X-rays) were discovered.

1902

Mr Lorenz

the Netherlands

The Discovery and Research of Zeeman Effect

Page (short for page) Zeeman

the Netherlands

1903

Your Excellency becquerel.

France

Discover the radioactivity of natural uranium.

Page (abbreviation of page) Curie

France

The study of radioactive substances found that radioactive elements polonium, radium and thorium are also radioactive.

Madame Curie

France

1904

Length Rayleigh

Britain, England

Argon was discovered when studying the density of gas.

1905

Learnard

Germany

Study on cathode ray

1906

Tang musun

Britain, England

Through the study of gas conductivity, the charge-mass ratio of electrons is measured.

1907

A. Michelson

United States of America

Make precise optical instruments and use them in spectral metrology research to accurately measure the speed of light.

1908

G. Ripman

France

Using interference phenomenon to invent natural color photography technology.

1909

G. Marconi

Italy

The invention of wireless electrode and its contribution to the development of radio communication

Braun Corp.

Germany

19 10

Van der Waals

the Netherlands

Study on Equation of State of Gas and Liquid

19 1 1

W. Wayne

Germany

Deduction and research on the law of thermal radiation

19 12

Dai Lun

Sweden

An automatic gas regulator for igniting beacon lights and buoy lights was invented.

19 13

H.k. annis

the Netherlands

Study the properties of substances at low temperature and make liquid helium.

19 14

Laue

Germany

It is found that the diffraction of Roentgen rays through the crystal is not only used to determine the wavelength of X rays, but also to prove the atomic lattice structure of the crystal.

19 15

Prague

Britain, England

Analysis of crystal structure by x-ray

Prague W.L.

Britain, England

19 17

Bakla

Britain, England

The secondary X-ray radiation of discriminating elements was found.

19 18

Planck Corp.

Germany

Study the quantum theory of radiation, find the basic quantum, put forward the hypothesis of energy quantization and explain the empirical law of electromagnetic radiation.

19 19

J. completely

Germany

It is found that the Doppler effect in cathode ray and the splitting of atomic spectral lines in electric field.

1920

Gilholm

France

Discovery of abnormal nickel-steel alloy and its application in precision instruments

192 1

A. Einstein

Germany

His contribution to modern physics, especially the elucidation of the law of photoelectric effect.

1922

bohr

Denmark

Study atomic structure and atomic radiation, and put forward his atom.

structural model

1923

Milliken

United States of America

Elementary charge and photoelectric effect are studied, and it is proved that charge has the smallest unit through oil drop experiment.

1924

K. sigban

Sweden

Discovery and study of roentgen ray spectroscopy

1925

J. frank

Germany

Discover the law of electrons hitting atoms.

Hertz of Germany

Germany

1926

J.b. Palin

France

Study the split structure of matter and find the balance of precipitation.

1927

Compton

United States of America

Discover Compton effect

C. Wilson

Britain, England

The invention uses the cloud chamber to observe the charged particles, so that the tracks of the charged particles become visible.

1928

Richardson

Britain, England

The study of thermionic phenomena and the discovery of Richardson's law.

1929

De Broglie

France

Theoretical study on electronic volatility

1930

Raman spectrum

India

Studying the scattering of light, we found the Raman effect.

1932

W. Heisenberg

Germany

He founded quantum mechanics and discovered the allotrope of hydrogen.

1933

E. Schrodinger

Austria

The extensive development of quantum mechanics

Page (abbreviation of page) Dierik in the morning

Britain, England

The extensive development of quantum mechanics predicts the existence of positrons.

1935

J. chadwick

Britain, England

Discover neutrons

1936

Hess

Austria

Discover cosmic rays

Anderson

United States of America

Discover positrons

1937

Tang musun

Britain, England

The interference phenomenon in crystals irradiated by electrons is found through experiments.

Davisson

United States of America

The diffraction effect of crystals on electrons is found through experiments.

1938

Fermi

Italy

Discovery of new radioactive elements and nuclear reaction caused by slow neutrons

1939

Port Lawrence

United States of America

The development and achievements of cyclotron, especially the research of artificial radioactive elements.

1943

O. stern

United States of America

Determination of proton magnetic moment

1944

International rabbi

United States of America

Measurement of nuclear magnetic resonance by resonance method

1945

W. pauli

Austria

Discovering Pauli exclusion principle

1946

p.w.buliqiman

United States of America

High-voltage devices were developed and high-voltage physics was founded.

1947

Aptom

Britain, England

Aptom layer reflecting ionospheric radio waves was found.

1948

Page (abbreviation of page) blackett number

Britain, England

Improvement of Wilson Cloud Chamber and Its Discovery in Nuclear Physics and Cosmic Ray

1949

Yukawa Hideki

Japan

Predicting the existence of mesons by mathematical methods

1950

Powell

Britain, England

Nuclear process photography and the discovery of mesons.

195 1

J.d. cockcroft

Britain, England

First, the nucleus is developed by using artificially accelerated particles.

E. walton

Ireland

Abnormal research

1952

Em purcell

United States of America

Development and related findings of new methods of nuclear magnetic precision measurement

F. Brock

United States of America

1953

F. Cernik

the Netherlands

Demonstrate the development of phase contrast method, especially phase contrast microscope.

1954

M (short for meter).

Germany

The basic research of quantum mechanics, especially the statistical explanation of wave function in quantum mechanics.

W. porter

Germany

The proposition of coincidence method and the analysis of cosmic radiation

1955

Page (short for page) Kush

United States of America

Accurate measurement of electron magnetic moment

Random access memory

United States of America

Discover the fine structure of hydrogen spectrum

1956

W. Shockley

United States of America

Study semiconductors and invent transistors.

brattain,walter houser

United States of America

J. bardeen

United States of America

1957

Li zongdao

United States of America

Denying the law of parity conservation under weak interaction has made great discoveries in the study of elementary particles.

Yang Zhenning

United States of America

1958

cherenkov,pavel alekseyevich

former Soviet Union

Discover and explain cherenkov effect (the phenomenon that high-speed charged particles emit blue light when passing through transparent materials).

I'm Frank.

former Soviet Union

Tan yiyan

former Soviet Union

1959

E. Thackeray

United States of America

Discovering antiprotons

O. housekeeper

United States of America

1960

District Attorney glasser.

United States of America

Invented bubble chamber.

196 1

R. hofstadter

United States of America

Study on the structure of nuclear by high energy electron scattering

Mosburg

Germany

The recoil-free resonance absorption of γ -rays was studied and the Mossbauer effect was found.

1962

Landao lawyer office

former Soviet Union

Study condensed matter theory, especially liquid helium.

1963

E.p. wigner

United States of America

The research on the theory of nucleus and elementary particles, especially the contribution to the discovery and application of the basic principle of symmetry.

Meyer

United States of America

The shell model theory of nuclear structure was discovered, and the long-period magic number properties of nuclear were successfully explained.

J. Zhan Sen

Germany

1964

Downs

United States of America

The basic research in the field of quantum electronics leads to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on maser and laser principle.

Basov

former Soviet Union

Research on oscillator and amplifier for generating laser beam

Prokhorov

former Soviet Union

The research work of quantum electronics led to the manufacture of masers and lasers.

1965

Feynman

United States of America

The research of quantum electrodynamics contains the far-reaching achievements of elementary particle physics.

julian schwinger

United States of America

Asanaga Shinichiro

Japan

1966

A. Castellet

France

Discover and develop optical methods to study the contribution of atomic energy levels.

1967

Bett

United States of America

Theory of stellar energy production.

1968

Alvarez

United States of America

Decisive contribution to elementary particle physics, especially through the development of hydrogen bubble chamber and data analysis technology, many resonance States have been discovered.

1969

Meter (short for meter)) gherman.

United States of America

Quark particle theory is put forward on the classification of elementary particles and the discovery of interaction.

1970

H. Allvine

Sweden

Basic research and discovery of magnetohydrodynamics and its wide application in plasma physics.

Length Neil

France

The basic research and discovery of antiferromagnetism and ferrite magnetism have important applications in solid state physics.

197 1

D. dennis gabor

Britain, England

The invention and development of holography

1972

J. bardeen

United States of America

The superconducting theory, called BCS theory, was put forward.

Lin Cooper

United States of America

Slipher

United States of America

1973

Josephson

Britain, England

With regard to the discovery of tunneling in solids, it is theoretically predicted that superconducting current can pass through the tunnel barrier layer (namely Josephson effect).

Okazaki Ling Yunai

Japan

The tunneling effect in semiconductors is discovered by experiments.

I. Gaff

United States of America

The tunneling effect in superconductors is discovered by experiments.

1974

Rice (short for meter)) Ryle

Britain, England

Study radio astronomy, especially the creation and development of aperture synthesis technology.

A. Hervey period

Britain, England

The pioneering research of radio astronomy plays a decisive role in the discovery of pulsars.

1975

bohr

Denmark

The relationship between collective motion and particle motion in the nucleus was discovered, and the theory of nuclear structure was developed on this basis.

B.R. Mortel Sun

Denmark

Research work on the internal structure of nuclear

Lenwat

United States of America

1976

B. Richter

United States of America

The new particle J/ψ was discovered independently, its mass is about three times that of proton, and its lifetime is ten thousand times that of resonant state.

Samuel Chao Chung Ting

United States of America

1977

Anderson

United States of America

The electronic structures of crystalline and amorphous solids are studied theoretically, and the physical theory of "solid state" is put forward.

van Vleck

United States of America

The electronic structures of magnetic and irregular systems are studied.

Mott

Britain, England

1978

penzias,arno

United States of America

Discovery of microwave background in 3K universe

Wilson

United States of America

Captain of the People's Liberation Army

former Soviet Union

A new liquid nitrogen device is established, which proves the low temperature physics of nitrogen sub-superfluid.

1979

Glashow

United States of America

Establish a unified weak current theory, especially to predict the existence of weak current.

South Weinberg

United States of America

Salam

Pakistan

1980

Cronin

United States of America

Discovery of CP asymmetry

Fitch

United States of America

198 1

Blom Bergen

United States of America

Research on Laser Spectroscopy and Nonlinear Optics

Sholo

United States of America

Kem Seba

Sweden

Study on high resolution electron spectroscopy

1982

K. Wilson

United States of America

On the critical phenomenon of phase transition

1983

South Chandraseka

United States of America

Theoretical study on the structure and evolution of stars

W. fowler

United States of America

Theoretical study and experiment of nuclear reaction formed by chemical elements in the universe

1984

C. Lu Biya

Italy

Their efforts led to the discovery of the intermediate boson.

South van der meyer

the Netherlands

1985

Klitsin

Germany

Quantum hall effect

1986

E. ruska

Germany

Basic research work in the field of electronic physics, designed the world's first electron microscope.

G. binny

Switzerland

A scanning tunneling microscope is designed.

H. Rolle

Switzerland

1987

Bernaud Z.

United States of America

Discover new superconducting materials

Muller

United States of America

1988

Redman

United States of America

Engaged in neutrino beam work, the symmetrical structure of light particles was proved by discovering muon neutrinos.

Meter (short for meter) Schwartz

United States of America

J. Steinberg

Britain, England

1989

Ramsey

United States of America

The cesium atomic clock was invented and the hydrogen maser technology was put forward.

W. Paul

Germany

Create methods to capture atoms in order to study electrons or ions more accurately.

Demelt

United States of America

1990

J. Jerome

United States of America

The first experiment to discover quarks proved the existence of quarks.

H. Kendall

United States of America

R. Taylor

Canada

199 1

Peggy Deraine

France

Basic research of liquid crystal

1992

J. Xia Pake

France

The invention and development of particle detector, especially multi-wire proportional chamber

1993

J. Taylor

United States of America

It is found that a pair of pulsars with two suns and a diameter of only 10-30km have extremely strong gravitational fields, which provides indirect evidence for the existence of gravitational waves.

Length hoels

United States of America

1994

C. schall

United States of America

Developing neutron scattering technology

B. brockhaus

Canada

1995

Martin pearl

United States of America

Pearl and his collaborators discovered tau leptons.

F. Lei Ensi

United States of America

Lei Ensi and C. Cowen successfully observed the electron neutrino for the first time. Their pioneering work in lepton research has made great contributions to the establishment of lepton-quark level material structure images.

1996

David Lee

United States of America

Discovery of superfluidity of helium -3

Osheroff

United States of America

Richardson

United States of America

1997

Steven Chu

United States of America

Laser cooling and trapping atoms

K. tanotti

France

Philippian

United States of America

1998

Robert laughlin

United States of America

Discovery of Fractional Quantum Hall Effect

Stem

United States of America

Daniel Cui Qi

United States of America

1999

H. Hofter

the Netherlands

The quantitative structure of electroplating weak interaction in physics is expounded.

Meter (short for meter)) Wiltman.

the Netherlands

2000

Zores Alferov

Kramer

Russia

United States of America

Semiconductor technology applied to cellular phones has been developed, especially the invented fast transistor and laser diode. Because of their pioneering research, they laid the foundation of information technology and shared half of this year's Nobel Prize in Physics.

He won the other half of the prize for the invention of integrated circuits and high-speed computer chips.

Kilby

United States of America

200 1

kapteyn,jacobus cornelius

United States of America

He has made achievements in "Bose-Einstein condensate of rare gases containing basic atoms" and "early basic research on the properties of condensate".

Connell

United States of America

Viman

United States of America

2002

Riccardo Giacconi

United States of America

The achievement of "detecting cosmic neutrinos" led to the birth of neutrino astronomy.

Raymond Davis

United States of America

Masatoshi Koshiba

Japan

2003

Alexei Abrikosov

Russia, America

Pioneering contribution to superconductor and superfluid theory

Vitaly Ginzburg

Russia

Anthony Leggett

Britain and the United States

2004

David Gross

United States of America

The phenomenon of "asymptotic freedom" in strong interaction theory is discovered.

Hugh David Politzer

Frank Vilcek

2005

roy j. glauber

United States of America

Contribution to optical coherent quantum theory

New Zealand politician John Hall

Teodore Hensch

United States of America

Germany

Contribution to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy

2006

John mazel.

United States of America

In recognition of their discovery of the blackbody structure and microwave anisotropy of cosmic background radiation.

Goerge Smoot

2007

Albert Fell

France

The "giant magnetoresistance" effect was discovered.

Peter green Berg

Germany

2008

Yoichiro Nambu

United States of America

Discover the spontaneous symmetry breaking mechanism of subatomic physics.

Kobayashi, Lichuan Minying

Japan

Discover the roots of symmetry breaking.

2009

Kuen Kao

China, England

Pioneering achievements of light transmission in optical fiber in the field of optical communication.

Willard-Boyle

george smith

United States of America

An imaging semiconductor circuit, namely a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) sensor, was invented.

United States of America

20 10

Andre-Gum

the Netherlands

Scientists at the University of Manchester in the United Kingdom pioneered experiments in the study of graphene, a two-dimensional material.

Konstantin Novo Xie Luofu

Russian and British nationality