Terminology of SLR lens

The meaning of lens logo (Nikon) xbingogo

AI: automatic indexing and automatic maximum aperture transfer technology

Published in 1977, it is the first major change of Nikon F bayonet. AI refers to the process and method of transmitting the maximum aperture value of the lens to the photometric system for normal exposure measurement. When AI lens is installed on the fuselage compatible with AI technology, the maximum aperture value of the lens is transmitted to the photometry system of the fuselage under the automatic meshing and driving of the mechanical linkage rod, so as to realize full aperture photometry. Nikon F2A, F2AS, Nikkormat EL2, FT3 and FM are the first airframes to benefit from this technology.

Representative lens: Nicole AI 50/ 1.4

AI-S: Automatic Indexing Shutter Automatic Shutter Index Transfer Technology

In 198 1, Nikon modified the bayonet of all AI lenses to make them fully compatible with the FA high-speed program exposure mode that will be put into use soon. These modified new lenses are AI-S bayonet nikkor lens. According to the minimum orange aperture number on the lens aperture ring and aperture direct reading ring, and the grinding groove on the blade bayonet, it is very easy to identify. When AI-S lens is used in Nikon FA fuselage, it can provide information to the fuselage according to its focal length to select normal program or high-speed program. When the shutter speed takes precedence over the automatic exposure mode, they can provide consistent exposure control in a very wide illumination range. (Because the AI-S lens is customized for the "automation" of exposure on FA, the automatic exposure linkage of the fuselage can control the aperture of the AI-S lens very smoothly, and realize faster and more accurate exposure control). Representative lens: Nicole AIS 50/ 1.4

AF-S: silent wave motor.

The lens is equipped with a silent wave motor (S), which is equivalent to Canon's ultrasonic motor. Can use the energy provided by the "traveling wave" for optical focusing, with fast focusing speed, high precision and quiet, and can always focus manually. The camera that can support AF-S lens autofocus is F5; F4； f 100； F90XF90F80F70F65d 1； d 1X； d 1H； D 100, the rest of the fuselage can be connected for measurement, but it can't focus automatically.

Representative lens: 28-70 mm f/2.8 ED-IF AF-S Zoom-Nikkor

D-lens: Long-distance focusing and long-distance data transmission technology

The information indicating that the lens can return to the focal length can be used as a reference for 3D (scene brightness, scene contrast, scene distance) matrix photometry and the control of TTL balanced flash. Introduced in 1992.

Representative lens: 28-105 mm f/3.5-4.5d af zoom-nikkor.

CRC: Close-up correction

Adopt floating lens design to ensure that the optical quality will not decrease during close-up. For example, if AIS 24/2.8 and AF 85/ 1.4D all adopt CRC technology.

DC: defocused image control defocused image control

Nikon original lens can provide unique defocus image control function. There is a defocusing positioning rotating ring at the front of the lens, and the aperture values on the ring range from F2 to F5.6***4, which are marked on the left and right sides of the ring respectively, and are represented by R (background defocus) and F (foreground defocus). This is a special fixed-focus lens. Its biggest feature is that it allows fuzzy control of the background or foreground of a specific subject to obtain the best Jiao Wai image, which is very valuable when shooting portraits. It can also help us control all parts of the photo according to what we want to express, which is incomparable to similar lenses of other manufacturers.

At present, Nikon has only two DC lenses: AF DC 105mm f/2D and AF DC 135mm f/2D.

ED: ultra-low dispersion super background lens

It means that this lens contains ED lens, which minimizes the chromatic aberration of the lens, thus ensuring the excellent optical performance of the lens.

Representative lens: 80-200mm f/2.8D ED AF Zoom-Nicole

G lens

Unlike D-lens, this lens has no aperture ring design, aperture adjustment must be completed by the body, and it also supports 3D matrix metering. This design reduces the weight and production cost of the lens. This lens is fully compatible with F5, F 100, F80, F65, F60, F55, F50, F40 1, PRONEA, D 1. For F4, F90, F70, F80 1 and F. are not compatible with the rest of the fuselage. G-type nikkor lens is easier to operate, and there will be no misoperation in theory, because there is no need to manually set the minimum aperture. This is a continuation of the plastic autofocus lens, which is suitable for photographers who almost never set the lens manually. Now Nikon has the trend of popularizing G-heads.

Representative lens: 28-80mm f/3.3-5.6G AF Zoom-Nicole

IF: internal focusing internal focusing technology

The so-called internal focus means that when the lens is in focus, the front and rear lenses do not move, but the focus is completed by floating a focusing lens group inside the lens, and the lens length remains unchanged when focusing. The adoption of intermediate frequency technology makes it possible to focus quickly and quietly.

Representative lens: 85mm f/ 1.4D IF AF Nicole.

IX lens

1996 Nikon released a cheap and compact lens for the APS camera Pronea. The characteristics are the same as plastic AF-D lens. Unable to adapt to non-APS fuselage. The space reserved for the reflector is reduced, which means that this lens is not used for 35mm cameras, and the image field is too small to cover 35mm film. But the standard AF lens can be used for APS cameras.

Microscopic, domain-specific

Explain that this lens is a macro lens or has the function of macro shooting.

Representative lens: 105mm f/2.8d AF mini Nicole

New new type

Nikon has improved the logo of some lenses, such as the famous AF 80-200/2.8ED (N).

Not applicable: full-time manual focusing

Just like Canon's FTM.

P lens: built-in CPU lens

The built-in focus motor in the fuselage is a strategy of "changing with the constant", but this strategy is not very effective for the huge telescopic automatic lens, resulting in Nikon's new fuselage can not make efficient use of the telescope head. 1998 Nikon released the manual focusing telephoto lens (P) with built-in CPU to meet the advanced automatic exposure function of AF fuselage, thus partially solving this problem. Although P-type lenses look the same as AI-S lenses, these lenses have the electronics and most of the performance of AF lenses.

At present, there are only three types of P-type lenses: 500/4 IF-ED,1200-1700/5.6-8 IF-ED and 45/2.8.

PC-Shift: moving lens

A lens that moves the optical axis to adjust the viewing angle. Mostly used in architectural photography.

RF: back focusing and back group focusing technology

Unlike if, the RF lens is focused by the rear lens group. Because the rear lens group is smaller than the front lens group, it is easy to drive, ensuring faster focusing speed and the same lens length. Radio frequency also helps to improve the imaging quality.

Representative lens: 85mm f/ 1.8D AF Nikkor

S: slim is light and thin.

Nikon signed some thin lenses, such as AIS 50/1.8s.

SIC: super integrated coating super composite coating

TC: remote converter rangefinder

VR: electronic damping system for vibration reduction

The code name of Nikon anti-shake lens can be used for hand-held photography to increase the stability of the picture at low shutter speed. The bodies that can support VR are F5, F 100, F80, F65, D 1, D 100. The rest of the fuselage can use the lens but does not support VR function.

Representative lens: 80-400 mm f/4.5-5.6 ed VR AF zoom-Nicole

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Meaning of lens logo (Canon)

AFD: arc-driven arc motor

Arc DC motor developed for autofocus drive of EF lens in early days. Unlike USM motors, AFD motors focus by sound.

Do: multilayer differential optical element multilayer diffractive optical element

On September 4th, 2000, Canon announced the successful development of the world's first "multilayer diffractive optical element" for camera lens. Multilayer diffractive optical lens has the characteristics of fluorite and aspheric lens, so the introduction of this lens is a milestone in the optical industry. The most important feature of diffractive optical elements is that the position of wavelength synthesis junction image is opposite to that of refractive optical elements. In the same optical system, combining a piece of MLDOE with a piece of refractive optical element can correct dispersion (color diffusion) more effectively than fluorite element. In addition, by adjusting the pitch (gap) of the diffraction grating, the diffractive optical element can have the same optical characteristics as the ground and polished aspheric lens, and effectively correct the spherical surface and other aberrations.

Representative lens: EF 400/4 DO is USM

Electron focusing electron focusing

The bayonet name of Canon EOS camera is also the serial name of EOS original lens.

Electromagnetic aperture

The electromagnetic drive aperture control elements of all EF lenses are integrated components of deformable stepping motors and aperture blades, which are controlled by digital signals and have high sensitivity and precision.

Fl: fluorite fluorite

A calcium fluoride crystal with extremely low dispersion has better ability to control chromatic aberration than UD lens. Strictly speaking, fluorite is not glass, but crystal. Its refractive index is very low (1.4) and it is not affected by humidity. Generally speaking, fluorite lenses are not exposed, so you are unlikely to touch them directly. Although fluorite lens is not as impact-resistant as ordinary glass, it is not as fragile as expected, so it does not need special care in use.

FTM: Full-time manual focusing Full-time manual focusing.

That is to say, at any time, even if the lens is autofocusing, the focal length can be manually adjusted without damaging the lens.

luxury goods

A symbol of Canon's professional lens. Compared with consumer lens, L-head has ground aspheric lens, UD (low dispersion), SUD (ultra-low dispersion) or fluorite lens, which are important foundations for excellent optical quality of lens. Usually, the quality of lens structure is much better. Its logo is the red mark on the front of the lens, which is Canon's top professional lens.

Representative lens: EF70-200/2.8 LU

Is: image stabilizer image stabilizer

Image stabilizer reduces the influence of hand shake on imaging by correcting the motion of optical elements, so it is also called hand shock prevention lens. In the IS lens, a gyro sensor is installed, which can detect the vibration of the hand and convert it into an electrical signal. This signal is processed by the computer built in the lens, which controls a group of correction optical elements to move parallel to the film plane to offset the imaging light deviation caused by hand jitter. The system can effectively improve the effect of hand-held shooting. Generally speaking, the IS lens allows you to use a shutter speed two levels lower than the theoretical value. That is to say, when you use an ordinary 300mm lens, you can only choose the speed of1/more than 250 seconds, while using a 300mm IS lens, you can take a clear picture in 1/60 seconds.

Representative lens: EF28- 135/3.5-5.6 U IS

Micro-motor

This is a traditional motor with a transmission shaft. It consumes more electricity. Full-time manual (FTM) is not supported. Mostly used for cheap low-end lenses.

Sf: soft focus SF: soft focus lens

The photo taken with this lens is very different from the effect of camera moving or focusing incorrectly. It uses carefully designed spherical aberration to make the shot scene clear and focused, soft and beautiful. The effect of soft focusing depends on the aperture size and special adjustment device.

Representative lens: EF 135/2.8SF

S-ud: super ultra-low dispersion high performance ultra-low dispersion lens

The effect of a UD is similar to that of a fluorite lens.

Ts: tilt shift lens

A lens that moves the optical axis to adjust the viewing angle. The function of the shift lens is not only to correct the perspective deformation, but also to adjust the focal plane position. In general, the focal plane of the camera is parallel to the film plane, and the scene in the focal plane is clear and the Jiao Wai is blurred when shooting with large aperture; If the focal plane is adjusted by moving the axis lens, the sharpness can be changed. Obviously, shifting lens is most suitable for architecture, landscape and commercial photography. EF shift lens has no AF function.

Canon's TS lenses currently include TS-E24/3.5L, TS-E45/2.8 and TS-E90/2.8.

UD: ultra-low dispersion ultra-low dispersion lens

A special type of optical glass is widely used in lens chromatic aberration control because it can control the dispersion of light in the spectrum. The effect of using two UDs together is usually similar to that of using fluorite lenses.

Usm/USM/U: ultrasonic motor

The focus motor type used by most EF lenses uses a vibration source with a frequency in the ultrasonic region to rotate, which is the main component to realize quiet and high-speed AF. There are two kinds of ultrasonic motors for EF lens, namely annular USM and miniature USM. There is a yellow ring at the front of the lens with ultrasonic motor, which is marked with "Ultrasonic". Ring ultrasonic motor is a focusing motor used in Canon's advanced USM lens, and its driving assembly is ring-shaped, so it does not need to use any transmission parts such as gears when driving. Because of the large torque, the starting and braking speed is much faster than that of the general focus motor. Full-time manual operation can only be realized in the ring ultrasonic motor head, but it should be noted that full-time manual operation cannot be realized, such as EF 200/ 1.8L, EF 500/4.5L and EF 600/4L, EF 50/ 1.0L, EF 85/ 1.2L, etc. Micro ultrasonic motor is a small cylindrical ultrasonic motor, which is not as fast as ring ultrasonic motor and has low noise, so it can't focus manually all the time. However, due to the low manufacturing cost, it is mostly used for middle and low-grade EF lenses.

Representative lens: EF24-85/3.5-4.5U.

Although the production date can be calculated from the serial number on the corresponding product, Canon has not officially disclosed its calculation method.

The following are the meanings of letters and numbers (if there are two letters in front of the string, ignore the first letter and start with the second letter):

The first letter: indicates the year of production, and the corresponding relationship is as follows:

The last two digits: indicates the production month, 1 is 1, 12 is 12, and sometimes the zero before the month is ignored. If the total length of the number is only 3 digits, the first digit indicates the production month, for example, the serial number bit "Y362" of A- 1 indicates 65438.

As shown below: It is not directly related to determining the production year;

The first/last letter: indicates the place of origin, and F indicates that it was produced by the production line in Fukushima. From the early 1970s to 199 1, the fuselage was produced in Fukushima, and the letters representing the place of origin were at the end.

Then let's see what the factory number string above means.

V 1006: indicates 198 1 10 monthly output;

The above description applies to the products produced by 1985.

EOS cameras were introduced from 1986, and the year began to be arranged from A, but the place of origin was no longer Fukushima, and O (for big points) also appeared from 1994.

And:

First letter: place of origin;

The second letter: indicates the year of production;

Third/fourth place: indicates the production month;

Last two digits: indicating the factory number and product number.

Then let's see what the factory number string above means.

FE0 103: means 1990 1 produced in Fukushima;

FF02 14: It means that 199 1 was produced in Fukushima in February.

Factory code:

O: oita factory

Krishnamurti: Dafenpestle Construction Factory

Utsunomiya factory.

Fukushima plant

T: Taiwan Province factory.

S: Shiga Changbang factory

M: Miyazaki Hayao (maybe).

For example: US0705

U refers to the place of origin

S refers to 2004.

07 refers to July

05 indicates that the lens has been put into production for 5 years!