The history of hydrological surveys

In China, "Shui Jing Zhu" written by Li Daoyuan (466-527 AD) narrates that on the stone wall on the bank of Longmen Town, Yihe River, a tributary of the Yellow River, there are inscriptions dating from the fourth year of Wei Huangchu in the Three Kingdoms period (223 AD). A stone inscription on the highest flood level on June 24, 2011. Many records of droughts that occurred in Chinese history have been discovered through investigation. For example, on the rocks in the center of the Fuling section of Sichuan Province in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, 162 low-water data that appeared after the Tang Dynasty are engraved near the stone fish pattern. After the 1950s, China carried out hydrological surveys in some river basins and flood surveys in more than 12,000 river sections nationwide. In the 1980s, the water conservancy department compiled data on more than 6,000 river sections and more than 60 largest floods in history into the "Compilation of Historical Flood Survey Data." The Meteorological Department compiled "Historical Data on Droughts and Floods in China for Five Hundred Years." In December 1981, the "Preliminary Evaluation of China's Water Resources" was published based on the national water resources survey data. Since the 1960s, new technologies have also been adopted in hydrological surveys. For example, remote sensing technology, especially multi-band photography, microwave scanning and infrared technology, has been applied to the study of the physical geography of river basins and water bodies and their pollution (see hydrological remote sensing technology); nuclear technology is used in measuring soil moisture, snow cover, studying surface water, Some progress has been made in groundwater and sediment movement.