Eunuchs were handed down from that dynasty.

As for the origin of eunuchs, China had a "temple man" as early as Shang Dynasty. According to experts' research, there are relevant records in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, and its history is naturally longer than that in the West.

Tang Zhen described eunuchs in "Hidden Book": "Looking at them is not like a person, looking at them is not like a human face, listening to them is not like a human voice, and looking at them is inhuman." Why do you say that? Tang Zhen explained: they are bloated and bent, as if they had scabies, and their noses are buzzing, like cows and pigs, not like human bodies; They have men's cheekbones but they are not men, but they are not women without beards. Although they are as beautiful as jade, they are not angry at all, so they are not like human faces. Their voices are as childish as children, but not crisp, as shrill as women, but not gentle and lovely. You say it is hoarse but can turn into voice, and you say it looks like a scarlet but can turn into an adult, so it is not like a human voice. They can love others very much, or they can do harm to others. When they pity you, they will cry, but when they hate you, they will kill you like grass, so it's not like human feelings.

Physical abnormality will inevitably lead to psychological abnormality. Lu Xun said in "Widowed Graves": "The eunuchs in China were many times more ruthless and dangerous than ordinary people." In that place called "shady" by Jia Yuanchun, eunuchs freely vented their abnormal sexual desire, power desire and greed. As far as corruption is concerned, according to Zhao of the Ming Dynasty, before Li Zicheng entered Beijing in the late Ming Dynasty, the treasury of such a large Ming Dynasty empire was less than 4,200! When Wei Zhongxian was copied, he actually copied 12 million pieces of silver, not counting treasures, so that Chongzhen repeatedly angrily denounced eunuchs: "Instead of stealing, it is better to pass on the savings of my ancestors to national treasures, such as gold and silver. "

Chongzhen's "heartbreak" is both sympathetic and unsympathetic. Let people sympathize, because he is the son of heaven, but he can't do anything about the eunuch; It doesn't make people feel sympathy because he is the eunuch. He is a big tree, and eunuchs are birds nesting in it. If you sympathize with the emperor, who will sympathize with the eunuch?

However, monarchs still insist on being too producers. Since you call yourself the "son of heaven", you should stay away from the court and keep your distance from ordinary people-it's great to let the people know that the emperor is also a mortal who eats, drinks and sleeps with Lazarus! The labyrinthine court needs "absolutely safe" slaves, fearing that the cuckolded emperor and incompetent eunuch "cannot leave Meng", * * * has become the two most important cornerstones in the huge Empire State Building.

In some emperors, the eunuch theory reached its peak. 10 century, just five dynasties and ten countries turmoil, there was a small court in the south called Nanhan. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Ada, the secretariat of Fengzhou, proclaimed himself emperor and made his capital in Guangzhou, calling it Xing. He has a magical theory of governing the country. He believes that most people have wives and children, and if they have wives and children, they have selfishness, so they can't be selfless to the emperor, and eunuchs are "light and have no birds", so only eunuchs are the most selfless, have no worries and die. Liu Tuo, the grandson of Nanhanwang, even wrote that anyone appointed by the imperial court, whether a scholar or a top scholar, must be castrated and reach the state of "coming and going naked without care" in order to become an official. The way of thinking of Liu and his son is completely opposite to that of Mr. Chuanshan, thus forming a spectacular eunuch dynasty in the history of China. Wang Chuanshan repeatedly played up the eunuch's misery, which is his scholar's opinion. More people envy eunuchs than scholars.

However, in the era when eunuchs were in power, there was often a "self-palace tide" among the people, and many children of well-off families reluctantly left the palace in order to be promoted to an official. This is indeed a shortcut to the south: studying will suffer from a cold window for ten years, but the palace is a temporary pain and wealth of life. According to the "Shantangji Examination of Chinese Officials", "There are more than 970 net households in Nanhai, and they are begging for it." In a small village, there are many boys from the palace. What about the whole country?

Three years after the apocalypse, three thousand eunuchs were recruited, and as a result, as many as twenty thousand were recruited. The government didn't expect so many people. At that time, 1500 people had to be added, and the rest were placed in a shelter in Nanyuan, a suburb of Beijing. Even so, the shelter can't accommodate so many people, and many people have to become beggars and thieves. There is a trend from the palace, and there is an expansion of the system in the world. In the Ming Dynasty, the establishment of eunuch institutions was constantly expanding, and eunuchs formed a "small court in a big court".

People praise the exquisite Hall of Supreme Harmony. In fact, the Hall of Supreme Harmony is just a paper house compared with the clean room. In the imperial city, the status of clean room is far more important than the Hall of Supreme Harmony. For an emperor like Wanli, in a few decades, there were only a few meetings in the Hall of Supreme Harmony. It doesn't matter whether there is the Hall of Supreme Harmony or not. It's terrible not to have a clean room-the emperor can't even eat, drink and sleep a day without the service of eunuchs. Therefore, the clean room is the essence of the Forbidden City. The Forbidden City is built on a clean room, just as the imperial power system is based on supervision.

Castration is a classic extreme. Sima Qian, who lived for more than 0/00 BC/KLOC-years, just said a few words for Li Ling, and then the emperor shaved his eggs. The values of the wise man SHEN WOO's "emperor" may be the same as that estimated by the French thinker Diderot. Commenting on the Bourbon Dynasty in France, Diderot said: "In the court, the' carnival tool' can always be compared with politics." So Sima Qian, who made a political mistake, had to lose his "carnival tool" and end up in misery and shame? Otherwise, he will be finished with historical records.

China is an ancient civilization, and the Han people call the place where they are imprisoned "Silkworm House". A poetic name, a place where ugly silkworms become beautiful butterflies. Castration is the sworn enemy of culture and a part of it. Castration erodes, devours and transforms culture. When castration is internalized as the essence of culture, culture eliminates the anxiety of castration and revels in special pleasure. As Mr. Huang Yongyu said: "A cultural history is almost a history of countless bodies being partially or completely shaved, written by castration and castration."

It is only one step away from being castrated, from physical disability to mental disability.

When "castrating" the obligation to become a slave, the sage who kept saying that "even the hair from parents should not be damaged" had to pretend not to see it. The "lifeblood" of the eunuch in the bottle is the "certificate" to ensure the chastity of the emperor's wife and concubine; The silence of saints, big and small, on the lifeblood is the "certificate" to ensure the unimpeded power of the emperor.

The number of eunuchs, at its peak, was only 65,438+10,000, which was just a drop in the ocean in China. However, the eunuch's soul hangs over every inch of China like a dark cloud. The empire needs eunuchs who act as "bed guards" and a large number of eunuchs who guard a set of general statements. The former is a visible eunuch, and the latter is an invisible eunuch, that is, a "knowledge eunuch". If the castration of the "knife maker" can only be done one by one, then the "knowledge eunuch" can mass-produce thousands of eunuchs according to its own model. Those top scholars, bachelors, Taoist priests and monks are all "knowledge eunuchs".

"Eunuch" is the greatest feature of China intellectuals. Bacon said that knowledge is power. Knowledge is indeed power. Knowledge is like a gun. Who is the key gun aimed at? Gentle China taxi drivers pointed their guns at the man under their feet, Yang. They did a sacred job, adding bricks and tiles to the Empire State Building with culture. Those who work hard will get more, and they will get a peach blossom-like seal. For example, Zhang was crowned as "a surname, a prince, an official, a university student in Zhongji Temple, and a history of literature", which was simply dizzying.

The "knowledge eunuch" laid a solid foundation for the Oriental despotism building. Dancing as high as Li Bai, he devoted himself to achievement, thinking that "my generation is Artemisia", but in Xuanzong's eyes, he was a plaything that even Gao Lishi could not compare with. Wang Guowei, an academic master, was crushed to death at the bottom of Kunming Lake by an imperial envoy within a few days of "going south to study". Being an improper eunuch has nothing to do with the quality of moral personality. No one can resist the centripetal force of a system and the inertia of a culture. Eisenstad pointed out in Intellectuals-Pioneering, Reform and Its Influence: "China intellectuals lack their own organizations, so their organizational structure is almost equivalent to the state bureaucracy. Administratively, the closer to the core of power, the less power base and resources to resist the emperor's autonomy. When education becomes more and more specialized, the specific activities of education are often designed towards the political-administrative system. " It seems that the setting from education to administration is only the extension, deformation and expansion of "clean room". Annotations on ancient books, textual research on allusions, phonological research and parallel prose filling are just poor ejaculation behaviors of castrated "knowledge eunuchs". Reading is to be an official, and being an official is to make a fortune; If you can't be an official, you will live in seclusion, and seclusion is to be famous. Scholars take the existing system as the value frame of reference, both inside and outside the system, and cannot become a real "anti-system" force.

The knowledge created by "knowledge eunuch" can only be "eunuch knowledge". Confucianism in pre-Qin, Confucian classics in Han Dynasty, metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties, Buddhism in Sui and Tang Dynasties, Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties and Pu Xue in Qing Dynasty all made centripetal movements around imperial power, but some tracks were closer to the center, while others were a little farther away, and there was no qualitative difference. No matter how the academic content changes, the ultimate ideal of scholars does not go beyond the model of promoting to a higher position and becoming rich and being a teacher for the emperor. The purpose of "history" is "providing for the aged"

The purpose of "writing" is "entertainment", and the humanistic tradition of two thousand years is deformed, single and one-sided. The so-called educated and virtuous person, "Li Lebing is ignorant of agriculture, that is, Qian Gu, a contemporary criminal name, is also ignorant, but Hem boasts of learning." What is this useless "knowledge" if it is not "eunuch knowledge"?

Many people have read Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio and The Scholars. The image of castrated literati is vivid, and it is difficult to know whether to mourn or pity them. Gong Zizhen angrily condemned the invisible killing of scholars by the rulers in "On the occasion of B and C": "Killing is not a knife, a saw, or fire and water; The text is also smashed, the name is also smashed, the voice is also smashed, and the smile is also smashed ... You can worry, you can be angry, you can think, you can be ashamed, you can have no residue. " At that time, the whole of China was a museum of sick plums and freaks.

Gong Zizhen, on the other hand, deeply appreciated the terrible castration of external violence, but ignored the more terrible internal self-castration. Is the scholar Lang, admired by countless scholars, sound in personality? I saw a table of gratitude written by Ding Shimei, the top scholar of the Ming Dynasty, in the "Exam of Top Scholars". We can see his talent from gorgeous words and his profundity from quaint allusions. So who is the emperor? It is Ming Shizong, that is, Emperor Jiajing, who is famous for his debauchery and fatuity. The number one scholar Lang is unscrupulous, and the voice of flattery is loud, just like a pug coquetry to its master. If castration of penis is a passport for eunuch to be an official, then castration spirit is a passport for literati to be an official. According to Ming history, Ding Shimei was still very young when she was born. According to the regulations at that time, the government provided six buckets of rice for people born every month. Some older students bullied Ding's youth and lost all his rice. He is still cheerful without any reluctance. Accordingly, Shi Ming praised Ding Shimei as "meticulous and self-sustaining with virtue". I don't know what kind of "morality" he holds-a person who doesn't know how to protect his rights will never protect the rights of others; A person who gains fame by humiliation will not know the value of personal dignity; A person who is indifferent to darkness or even conspires with it will never expect the light to come.

"Eunuch knowledge" has no vitality, and "eunuch personality" has no appeal. When "eunuch knowledge" is worshipped and "eunuch personality" is internalized into national collective unconsciousness, it is even more terrible-people who wear fur coats, silk and linen have different living conditions than those who wear nothing, but one thing is the same: all eunuchs are half-human, half-ghost, half-yin and half-yang, and half-buried on the ground. Self-castration and castration are two sides of a gold coin, and China people have only one of these two choices, whether you are an emperor or a literary master.

Without pure knowledge, there is no personality of pure intellectuals. China's philosophy is mysterious and mysterious, which boils down to self-castration and masturbation. Whether reading Lao Zi or reading of the analects of confucius, it makes me feel miserable and cold.

I remember my father telling a short story. At the beginning of the Cultural Revolution, my father was still a college student. At lunch, a dozen students ate around a big table. The students on duty served a dish of cabbage soup, and all the students noticed a piece of fat pork floating in the soup. Although everyone swallowed saliva, everyone was extra careful when pouring the soup and didn't get the meat. A classmate accidentally put pork slices into his bowl. Just as he poured the meat into the bowl, he found his mistake. He stared at the small piece of meat and turned pale. In the afternoon, the secretary of the Youth League branch talked with him, and he severely reviewed his bourgeois ideology of gluttony for pork. This classmate was originally an activist in the class and the object of the development of the party organization. Because he lost a piece of meat, he lost his share in every rights protection activity in the future. He himself indulged in the deep guilt of eating pork, depressed, depressed, and his temperament changed greatly. An environment in which a piece of pork can change a person's character is an over-controlled environment. According to Fromm's book The Dilemma of Contemporary People, such an environment "weakens the independence, integrity, critical thinking and creativity of the submissive. This is not to say that it will not provide people with all kinds of entertainment and excitement, but only those things that limit the development of personality. It will provide as little as possible to help the development of personality. " Why were there so many crazy abuses during the Cultural Revolution? The fundamental reason is that extreme mental poverty produces a fatal sense of incompetence, which is a major source of abuse. Eunuchs who lost libido developed aggressive libido, while people who lost spiritual pleasure often regarded the punishment of terror as happiness.

The introversion and abuse of the whole nation, the vacancy of subjectivity and independent spirit are closely related to the ethical mechanism based on sexual repression for thousands of years. Reich, an outstanding physiologist, believes that sexual repression leads to personality rigidity, and the morbid concepts of honor, obligation and self-control obliterate people's desire to resist because of economic oppression. Reich's research object is fascist mass psychology, but his theory is also applicable to oriental absolutism. As far as mankind as a whole is concerned: "After thousands of years of mechanical development, the mechanical outlook on life has become more and more deeply rooted in human biological systems from generation to generation. In this development process, people's functions have actually changed mechanically. In the process of killing reproductive function, people become stiff in plasma. " Reich's view can be summed up in a vulgar sentence: reproductive organs are the source of freedom. The emperor of China understands this truth even if he is stupid. If he doesn't know how to govern the country, he will seize this magic weapon. Finally, the accumulated China culture has become a powerful obstacle, that is, "an obstacle to the spontaneous action of nature and life forces in individuals and society". After everyone is castrated, no one will realize the obstacle.