Lutesi automobile photography

Rules are to be broken, so even if F 1 has strict rules, it still does not prevent the team from finding loopholes in the rules. ...

Tyrael six-wheeler? P34

As an underdog of F 1 10,000 years, tyrael worked in Jackie in the early 1970s. Stewart led the team to the peak since its establishment. However, just as the grumpy Scottish host was washing his hands, he was called uncle? Ken. Ken? Tyrael had to urgently prepare a secret new weapon, which finally appeared in an almost impossible form.

P34 is the chief designer of tyrael, Derek? Gardner took great pains to reduce the size of the front wheel, so as to minimize the wind resistance, and the reduction must be really great.

Gardner believes that greatly reducing the windward area will not only make it easier for P34 to cut into the air, but also make the airflow through the body surface more orderly, thus increasing the downforce. However, a pocket wheel with a diameter of only ten inches also has its own problems. The biggest problem is that the grip will be greatly reduced. In order to offset this shortcoming, Gardner came up with a method, that is, simply adding a pair of front wheels, so as to obtain a larger total tire contact area and stronger braking force. This method has not been achieved.

Objectively speaking, the appearance of P34 is undoubtedly very strange, but there is a reasonable argument and brilliant engineering technology behind it. 1976 Swedish GP won the championship and runner-up by using the Anderstop track 1 km straight. However, it was only a matter of time before P34 exposed its fatal flaw-on the winding track, one front wheel of P34 often left the ground at the corner, resulting in shocking understeer of the car. At the end of the season, star driver Jody? Schechter and tyrael broke up.

Cars? Union? Type? C

Cars? The Joint Grand Prix is indeed an engineering masterpiece in the mid-20th century, in which a 6.0-liter 16-cylinder engine with mid-supercharged engine is adopted. C is the most beautiful, and the designer is certainly not Ferdinand? Porsche is the only one.

It adopts a simple but very strong tubular frame, plus 520bhp furious, torsion bar rear suspension and tires with a width close to that of mountain bikes. Type? The terrible degree of C's power really scared the opponent.

Bernd? What type does Rosmel use? C dominated the grand prix season in 1936 and won the European Championship. In the process of sweeping the opponent, he became a demigod national hero, but in order to challenge the land speed record, he was transformed into an extraordinarily streamlined type. C ruined the hero. 1938 1 month, this type? C rushed out of the road at a speed of more than 400km/h on the newly-built infinite highway, and killed SS captain Sineitai on the spot.

BAR's second fuel tank

British? American? The racing car (later renamed Brown, then Mercedes-Benz F 1) has two most memorable points, namely Lucky? Strike mode and "creative interpretation of the rules of the game" In order to subvert the minimum weight regulations, in 2005, BAR installed a second fuel tank on the 007 racing car. Plus the extra oil of 1 1.5k hidden behind the engine bulkhead, when the main fuel tank is pumped and sent to the final assembly inspection, the weight of the whole vehicle can still be higher than 600kg.

Braham fan car

Gordon wrote it. Murray and his engineer David? Cox cooperated to establish Braham? BT46B is another legend of F 1, which is a flash in the pan.

Responding to Colin? Chapman's WIG racing car, the pair took subversive measures, on the grounds of improving heat dissipation efficiency and dealing with the horizontally opposed twelve-cylinder engine of Alfa Romeo beyond hell, in Bernie? Ecclestone's Braham racing car has a big fan on its ass.

However, this fan has a side effect, that is, it will suck the air under the car and make the car stick to the ground like a sucker. Strictly speaking, this move did not violate the rules of the game, but after the debut of GP in 1978 Sweden, the smell of gunpowder aroused by big fans was enough for Bernie, who had a keen sense of touch, to put the car away.

Double frame of lotus flower

Lotus 88 frantically tries to bypass the forbidden ground effect by using a double-frame design, in which one frame is used to support the cockpit and the other frame acts like an oversized movable spoiler. This move is very clever, but it is also very unpopular, so Lotus 88 was banned by the tournament before the first battle, and everyone knows the reason.

Mclaren's extra brakes

1990 is another golden age of F 1, with Williams, Ferrari and McLaren playing inextricably, as well as popular drivers such as Hill, Villeneuve, Schumacher and hakkinen (to ensure a fierce battle).

This benign competitive state usually intensifies the upgrading of creative means, which was proved in 1997 season's mclaren MP4/ 12. In other words, McLaren has been troubled by engine reliability problems for most of the season, but MP4/ 12 can play an extraordinary speed at other times as long as it doesn't quit halfway.

The outside world has always wondered why MP4/ 12 is faster than others until Darren, the photographer of F 1? Heath caught a glimpse of MP4/ 12 when it should be at full throttle, and realized that there might be something behind it. Later, Heath sneaked the camera into Xia Jianlun's car, and took a photo of the cockpit by luck, which led to the famous photo above.

This photo immediately surprised people in F 1 circle, because it showed that there was an extra pedal in the footwell of the cockpit. After the event Committee intervened in the investigation, it was quickly found that it was the pedal of the two-stage braking system. The driver can use the system to brake the left or right rear wheel according to different trajectories, thus eliminating the tendency of understeer when turning. It is precisely because the MP4/ 12 can be applied to a single rear wheel with the throttle fully open to help steering, so the MP4/12 can play faster than all competitors in the same period, so the lap speed can be half a second faster.

This design is very simple in concept and implementation, and the most important thing is that it does not violate the rules of the game at all. Needless to say, everyone guessed that Ferrari was furious after learning about this, and other teams began to lobby the FIA to take action on the grounds that it was too expensive to catch up with Mercedes-Benz. F 1 The regulator then updated the rules of the competition again, prohibiting the use of this braking system in the next season's competition. Ironically, McLaren still managed to install a similar system for their cars, explaining that it was just "using 50 pounds of ready-made parts that had been put on the logistics van."

Ground effect of Lianhua 79

Author:? Chris? Harris

The law of diminishing returns has never been kind to racing creativity, mainly because this is a highly competitive world. As long as any player has a huge advantage, it will lead to strong protests and bans. Therefore, if you want to write a winning secret, you will probably suggest avoiding a huge leap in performance and try to outsmart your opponent with many slight increases or decreases. You may say that this is tantamount to asking people to "never use the ground effect to create Lotus 79 like Lotus" because Colin? Chapman and his team found an advantage that was too strong and had to try to hide their amazing discovery in the preliminaries.

What did they find? Engineers from Lotus, who conducted wind tunnel experiments with a scaled model at the Royal College, found that if the gaps between the two sides of the car bottom and the ground can be sealed, a low-pressure area will be formed under the car bottom, so that the downward pressure will increase geometrically. The physics involved in this concept is very simple, but the most time-consuming thing is to find a way to hide the telescopic skirt in the fairing cabin on the side of the car, because you have to use very clever materials to bear the strong friction. So Lotus dragged samples of different materials in a Renault 4 van at Hessel base camp (just to prove Chris? Harris's theory holds that Renault 4 or Citroen 2CV have contributed to all the major inventions in the post-war automobile world to a greater or lesser extent, although they actually spent more time to prevent the news of this major advantage from leaking out. At that time, it coincided with the rumor that the differential was confused in the F 1 circle, so Chapman would arrange a technician to sneak out of the garage from the back door with a mysterious object wrapped in a towel after each pre-race test run. Everyone thought that the mysterious object was a differential, but it turned out to be a big kettle.

Lotus 79 swept the opponent from the beginning, and the excellent foundation and reliability of Ford DFV engine and Huran transmission system made it even more powerful.

The ground effect will make drivers feel strange. I have tasted this feeling twice, and the second time happened to be in Mario? Andretti won the world championship on Lotus 79. This car was very strong in his first test drive, so I'm sure Mario already knew that the winner of the championship was himself. However, this racing car has now become a historical treasure, and the telescopic skirt still retains the friction traces of that year. So Clive? Chapman only allowed me to put down my skirt in one lap, but it was enough for me to realize how much has changed. Stability and high-speed grip seem to be artificial.

In contrast, I was allowed to drive another very famous ground effect weapon-Porsche 956 in a more ruthless way. The faster the car drives, the stronger its grip. This is crazy. Imagine you have a 450bhp in 1978? The DFV engine can't push the weight of 6 10kg from behind, and it must feel like a monster when driving. However, Chapman's winning secret could not be kept secret for a long time, and soon everyone saw through that it was the ground effect. In this way, everyone can drive faster, which means that the scene of the accident is even more tragic. In the end, everyone is inevitably ordered to ban the use of ground effects.

Double-axle steering technology of Mercedes-Benz AMG

The 2020 season quickly became famous because the champion team Mercedes-Benz AMG released a radical new invention to defend its title. From the cockpit images of Hamilton and Baudas, the steering wheel of W 1 1 car can not only twist left and right, but also push and pull back and forth. Fans and experts expressed their incomprehension one after another, while the technical staff of the opponent once again hid in the corner and wept silently. According to Mercedes-Benz technical expert James? Allison said this design is called biaxial? Turn, referred to as DAS.

DAS is an unprecedented system that allows drivers to adjust the toe angle of W 1 1 at any time. The front wheel of modern F 1 racing car usually adopts an external toe angle that can be recognized by naked eyes, and looks like a pair of external splayed feet from the top. This design makes the car more stable in corners, but it will accelerate the wear of the inner edge of the tire and it is difficult for the outer side to heat up, thus weakening the overall efficiency. At least in theory, DAS allows drivers to release toe angle on straight roads, thus making the tire heat distribution more uniform, reducing tire wear, and maintaining the ideal suspension geometry when turning. DAS may further reduce the resistance in the straight, but frankly, no one can be 100% sure whether DAS has other benefits, and even Mercedes-Benz probably knows little about it.

Anyway, this move is really clever, but it must be illegal, right? The answer is yes orno. Mercedes-Benz follows the consistent practice in F 1 circle and solves the problem by interpreting the rules of the game. Everything it does is according to the rules of the game. What the FIA can do is to allow them to use this technology in the 2020 season and wait until next season to ban it. Considering that the 2020 season has been greatly shortened, in other words, we may never see the day when DAS reaches its full potential, wouldn't it be sad (if so, there must be a lot of champagne in Maranello).

CISITALIA？ Type? 360

Cisitalia？ Type? 360 is a GP car that has never been drawn. 1949 was so advanced when it came out that it ruined the company responsible for production.

360 was designed by Porsche before becoming a tram. They went from the last cars before the war? Inspired by the Union racing car, horizontally opposed 12 cylinder engines are mounted on two shafts. However, with the rapid development of racing technology, Porsche's vision has also taken on a new look, so it adopts pipeline frame and hydraulic shock absorption technology, and the engine adopts four camshaft wet cylinder liners and double mechanical supercharged all-aluminum products. The finished product once reached 350bhp output on the dynamometer, and the rotation speed was as high as10,500 rpm, which was deafening.

But the type? The best part of 360 is actually the transmission system. This system with sequential synchronous meshing can actually switch between rear drive and full drive, which is bound to completely subvert the competitive situation, at least it should. However, Cisitalia went bankrupt because it built this racing car. By the time it was completed, the modification of racing rules made it an outdated product.

Is there a eilian? Newey is in charge.

The most unfair advantage, of course, is that Adrian is on the team? Neway, the technical director of Red Bull, who is recognized as the king of design flaws, has helped the team win more than 65,438+050 grand prix titles so far, setting a record for the same team to win ten championships. With such a unique advantage, it is yours to pay 1 0,000,000 pounds a year.

This article comes from car home, the author of the car manufacturer, and does not represent car home's position.